scholarly journals Genetic control of white clover seed yield potential

2004 ◽  
pp. 111-117 ◽  
Author(s):  
D.R. Woodfield ◽  
I.J. Baird ◽  
P.T.P. Clifford
Keyword(s):  
Genetic Control ◽  
Seed Yield ◽  
White Clover ◽  
Trifolium Repens ◽  
Yield Potential ◽  
Commercial Viability ◽  
Keywords Genetics ◽  
Trifolium Repens L ◽  
Selection For ◽  
Clover Seed

Improving the seed yield potential of new white clover (Trifolium repens L.) cultivars is critical to their commercial viability and to overcoming the increasing pressures from land use change in Canterbury. The genetic control and response to selection was investigated for two seed yield characteristics, inflorescence density (no./m2) and seed yield per inflorescence (g/ inflorescence). Inflorescence density and seed yield per inflorescence were both responsive to selection and acted independent of one another to increase seed yield. Selection for high inflorescence density resulted in 34% higher seed yield than the low inflorescence density selection. This change in seed yield was associated with a 33% higher inflorescence density, while seed yield per inflorescence was unchanged. Similarly, selection for seed yield per inflorescence resulted in a 17% difference in seed yield between the high (HYI) and low (LYI) seed yield per inflorescence selections. This change in seed yield was associated with a 24% higher yield per inflorescence for the HYI selection, while inflorescence density remained unchanged. These results confirm that both mechanisms are under independent genetic control and can be utilized to increase seed yield of new white clover cultivars. Keywords: genetics, inflorescence density, seed production, Trifolium repens, white clover

Grasslands Trophy — a new white clover (Trifolium repens L.) cultivar with tolerance of summer moisture stress

2007 ◽  
Vol 47 (1) ◽  
pp. 110 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. F. Ayres ◽  
J. R. Caradus ◽  
R. D. Murison ◽  
L. A. Lane ◽  
D. R. Woodfield
Keyword(s):  
Seed Yield ◽  
White Clover ◽  
Trifolium Repens ◽  
Leaf Size ◽  
Moisture Stress ◽  
Yield Potential ◽  
Annual Rainfall ◽  
Progeny Testing ◽  
Eastern Australia ◽  
Trifolium Repens L

A breeding project has developed a new synthetic white clover (Trifolium repens L.) cultivar, Grasslands Trophy, that possesses tolerance of summer moisture stress in dryland pasture environments in the 850–1250 mm average annual rainfall temperate perennial pasture zone in eastern Australia. The breeding strategy used to develop Grasslands Trophy was an in situ breeding cycle for: (i) identifying and selecting superior genotypes, (ii) crossing elite germplasm and (iii) progeny testing derived breeding lines for the expression of key agronomic and grazing value traits. The primary selection criteria were early vigour, herbage yield, persistence and seed yield potential. Parental selection was also applied for seed yield, uniformity of leaf size, uniform flowering pattern and freedom from disease and virus symptoms. Grasslands Trophy is medium–large in leaf size with stable leaf size, combines intermediate stolon density with intermediate stolon thickness, and expresses high stolon survival and strong autumn regrowth following summer moisture stress. Grasslands Trophy has mid-season flowering maturity, intensive flowering prolificacy and high seed yield capability. Agronomic results from trials in northern New South Wales and New Zealand indicate that Grasslands Trophy has broad adaptation, expresses high summer and winter growth activity, and is reliably persistent for at least 4 years.

Observations on resistance in white clover (Trifolium repens L.) to the stem nematode (Ditylenchus dipsaci (Kühn) Filipjev)

1988 ◽  
Vol 110 (1) ◽  
pp. 145-154 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. Cook ◽  
D. R. Evans
Keyword(s):  
White Clover ◽  
Trifolium Repens ◽  
Significant Positive Correlation ◽  
Leaf Size ◽  
Nematode Reproduction ◽  
Long Period ◽  
Plant Collections ◽  
Ditylenchus Dipsaci ◽  
Trifolium Repens L ◽  
Selection For

SummaryThe expression of symptoms of stem nematode reproduction on a total of 53 white clovers (26 cultivars, 14 genepools and 13 introductions from plant collections) was studied in a series of field and glasshouse experiments. Seedlings or stolon-tip cuttings were inoculated with nematodes and the clovers classified by the proportion of plants which developed symptoms. Significant differences were found between varieties although in each test the majority was intermediate between more resistant and susceptible extremes. There was significant positive correlation between tests, in spite of different inoculation methods and different average levels of susceptibility. Very large-leaved cv. Aran was more resistant than most other clovers tested, and small-leaved cv. S. 184 was more susceptible. There was no general correlation of leaf size with reaction to stemnematode. Small-leaved cv. Pronitro was also resistant while several large-leaved cultivars were susceptible. In observations of plants exposed to nematodes over a long period, either by sequential inoculations or through perpetuating latent infections, apparently resistant plants eventually succumbed and supported nematode reproduction. It has not been determined whether this was because selection for virulence in the nematodes had occurred.

SEED YIELD COMPONENTS IN WHITE CLOVER

1979 ◽  
Vol 59 (3) ◽  
pp. 713-715 ◽  
Author(s):  
D. M. HUXLEY ◽  
V. C. BRINK ◽  
G. W. EATON
Keyword(s):  
Seed Size ◽  
Seed Yield ◽  
White Clover ◽  
Trifolium Repens ◽  
Yield Components ◽  
Yield Component ◽  
Seed Yield Components ◽  
Significant Yield ◽  
Trifolium Repens L

Components of seed yield were studied in white clover (Trifolium repens L.). Head number and seed size were the major components of yield. Seeds per head was not a significant yield component and was independent of head number.

EFFECT OF LEAF AREA ON WHITE CLOVER SEED PRODUCTION

1985 ◽  
Vol 2 ◽  
pp. 25-31
Author(s):  
P.T.P. Clifford
Keyword(s):  
Seed Production ◽  
Seed Yield ◽  
White Clover ◽  
Management Practices ◽  
Leaf Size ◽  
Fold Increase ◽  
Yield Potential ◽  
Management Options ◽  
Moisture Management ◽  
Clover Seed

Leaf size is a major determinant of white clover seed yield. A three-fold increase in leaf size halves seed yield. From a survey of commercial crops, an optimum leaf size concept was used to explain the reduction in yield potential for extremes in leaf size. Overgrazing gave small leaves and lowered seed yields. Closing too early gave large leaves and lowered yields. With good management, optimum leaf size was the smallest size possible, consistent with ensuring an adequate bulk for efficient harvesting. A healthy highly-reproductive stolen population has to be developed before closing. Secondly, moisture regulation over the crop season, preventing excess watering to minimise plant exploitation of surplus fertility, reduces the potential for large leaves to develop. Mid-November closing coupled with maintaining soil moisture at about 25% plant available, over flowering, are sound management practices. Amongst cultivars, differences in seed yield potential may also be related to leaf size. In general the larger the mean cultivar leaf size the lower the seed yield. Keywords: Trifolium repens, white clover, seed production, leaf size, soil fertiity, moisture, management options.

Current issues of white clover (Trifolium repens L.) breeding, seed production and import substitution programs in Russia

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
В. Золотарев ◽  
Н. Переправо
Keyword(s):  
Seed Production ◽  
White Clover ◽  
Trifolium Repens ◽  
Import Substitution ◽  
Temperate Climate ◽  
Biological Traits ◽  
Forage Production ◽  
State Register ◽  
Trifolium Repens L ◽  
Clover Seed

Среди многолетних трав клевер ползучий (Trifolium repens L.) является одним из лучших бобовых компонентов для создания культурных луговых и пастбищных агрофитоценозов в районах с умеренным климатом. На основе биологических особенностей клевера ползучего показана эффективность использования этой культуры для лугопастбищного кормопроизводства страны. Дан краткий анализ опыта возделывания клевера ползучего за рубежом. Показано значение хозяйственно полезных признаков сортов на эффективность их использования в травосмесях. Приведён материал по ботанической классификации разновидностей клевера ползучего и особенностям хозяйственного использования сортов разных морфотипов. Показана различная эффективность импортных и отечественных сортов клевера при их возделывании в почвенно-климатических условиях России. В настоящее время в Государственном реестре селекционных достижений, допущенных к использованию на территории РФ, зарегистрировано 27 сортов клевера ползучего, из них девять (33) отечественной селекции. Актуализирована необходимость усиления селекционной работы по выведению новых сортов, адаптированных к разнообразным почвенно-климатическим условиям и определённым режимам пастьбы. На основании этого обозначены направления селекции. Высокий рыночный спрос вызывает необходимость организации товарного семеноводства клевера ползучего сортов отечественной селекции. Установлено, что основной объём семян завозится из-за рубежа. Однако сорта зарубежной селекции мало приспособлены для произрастания в континентальном климате России. В статье в ретроспективе показано состояние и перспективы семеноводства клевера ползучего в России, включая систему воспроизводства его семян. Представлена научно обоснованная потребность в необходимых объёмах производства посевного материала на разных этапах репродуцирования для обеспечения лугопастбищного кормопроизводства. Для существенного увеличения сборов семян клевера ползучего предложено широко внедрять в производство сортовые посевы при оптимальных технологиях их выращивания, что позволит раскрыть потенциальные возможности каждого сорта в конкретных почвенно-климатических условиях и повысить урожайность семян в 23 раза. White clover (Trifolium repens L.) is one of the best perennial legume components for grassland and pasture ecosystems in regions with temperate climate. This report describes the effectiveness of this crop in forage production basing on its biological traits. It presents the experiment on clover cultivation abroad. The influence of economically important traits is shown on clover performance in grass mixtures. The article includes white clover botanical classification and cultivation methods of different morphotypes. Performances of foreign and domestic varieties were tested under Russian environment. Currently State Register for varieties accepted for cultivation in Russia lists 27 white clover varieties, and nine of them (33) are domestic. It is important to work further on breeding of new clover varieties adapted to various conditions. There is a high demand for white clover seeds of domestic origin. The main part of white clover comes from abroad. However, such varieties poorly grow under Russian climate. This paper shows the state and perspectives of white clover seed production in Russia. When producing grassland forage efficient seed production of this crop is of great importance. Introduction of white clover varieties to particular regions is a way to stimulate its seed production using optimal cultivation techniques.

scholarly journals Trends in the global marketing of white clover cultivars

1996 ◽  
Vol 6 ◽  
pp. 7-14
Author(s):  
R.D.J. Mather ◽  
D.T. Melhuish ◽  
M. Herlihy
Keyword(s):  
New Zealand ◽  
South America ◽  
White Clover ◽  
Trifolium Repens ◽  
Western Europe ◽  
Leaf Size ◽  
Global Market ◽  
Production Region ◽  
Trifolium Repens L ◽  
Clover Seed

White clover (Trifolium repens L.) is the dominant legume of temperate pastures, having been improved by breeding since the 1930s. The 1994 OECD Register lists 93 cultivars, with a further 25-30 cultivars also known to commerce. Therefore, in excess of 100 cultivars are available to fulfil a world annual market of 8500-10,500 MT. Globally, New Zealand is the major white clover production region, providing 50- 55% of the seed. Other key production regions are Denmark, USA and South America. Consumption of white clover has been relatively static for some time, ranging from 8000-10,000 MT per annum. Between 55-60% of the seed is used in the northern hemisphere (approx. 40% by Western Europe - UK, France, Germany). USA, South America and New Zealand all consume similar tonnages annually (approx. 1000-2000 MT each) with smaller tonnages used in Australia. One cultivar, Grasslands Huia, has dominated the world white clover seed market for many years and it still remains the world's major cultivar by volume. However, in the last 10 years its position has come under increasing pressure from New Zealand and international proprietary cultivars. Eventually proprietary cultivars with improved agronomic performance will supersede the consumption of commodity/public white clovers in those countries where national listing is required to obtain release and recommended listing is need to ensure successful marketing. Despite this, Grasslands Huia will continue for many years to play a major role in supplying markets where national listing is not a prerequisite to release and price is a major factor in purchase decisions. Keywords: commodity cultivar, global market, Grasslands Huia, leaf size, market share, production trends, proprietary cultivar, seed industry, Trifolium repens L., white clover

scholarly journals ADAPTATION OF WHITE CLOVER TO MOISTURE STRESS

1987 ◽  
pp. 143-149 ◽  
Author(s):  
D.R. Woodfield ◽  
J.R. Caradus
Keyword(s):  
Plant Breeding ◽  
White Clover ◽  
Trifolium Repens ◽  
Moisture Stress ◽  
Root Characteristics ◽  
Trifolium Repens L ◽  
Selection For

In a series of four experiments, the w-seeding ability and shoot and root characteristics of dryland white clover populations (Trifolium repens L.), and the effect of selection for root characteristics within white clover were examined. There was little evidence that dryland populations were better at re-seeding than Huia, but dryland populations were more taprooted than populations collected from moister environments. Root morphologies of dryland populations were similar to that of Huia but were smaller leaved, although not as small leaved as Tahora. Evidence that selection for more taprooted, smaller-leaved types of white clover would be successful is also presented. Keywords: root type, drought, re-seeding, plant breeding, survival

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