scholarly journals Methods of reducing ripgut brome seed production and carcass damage

2008 ◽  
pp. 265-269 ◽  
Author(s):  
K.N. Tozer ◽  
A.J. Marshall ◽  
G.R. Edwards
Keyword(s):  
Weed Control ◽  
Seed Production ◽  
Annual Grass ◽  
The South ◽  
Bromus Diandrus ◽  
Test Strategies ◽  
Grass Weed

Ripgut brome (Bromus diandrus) is an annual grass weed prevalent in dry, hill and high country regions throughout the South Island. Its large seeds contaminate wool and carcasses. Two studies were undertaken in 2006/2007 to test strategies to control and mitigate its impacts. The first study (South Canterbury) tested different rates and timing of application of herbicides on ripgut brome. Keywords: annual grass weeds, weed control, weed mitigation, ripgut brome, Bromus diandrus

Antagonism of Graminicide Activity on Annual Grass Species by Imazethapyr

1992 ◽  
Vol 6 (2) ◽  
pp. 333-338 ◽  
Author(s):  
Paul F. Myers ◽  
Harold D. Coble
Keyword(s):  
Weed Control ◽  
Field Experiments ◽  
Grass Species ◽  
Annual Grass ◽  
Antagonistic Interaction ◽  
Interaction Control ◽  
Grass Weed ◽  
Large Crabgrass

The interaction of imazethapyr and selected graminicides on annual grass control was studied in field experiments. Tank-mix combinations of imazethapyr with clethodim, fluazifop-P, quizalofop, or sethoxydim resulted in an antagonistic interaction. Control of large crabgrass, fall panicum, and broadleaf signalgrass by each graminicide decreased when tank-mixed with imazethapyr as compared with each graminicide applied alone. Sequential applications of imazethapyr, relative to each graminicide, successfully overcame the antagonism. Imazethapyr applied 5 d before or 1 d after each of the graminicides did not decrease grass weed control compared with each graminicide alone. Imazethapyr applied 3 or 1 d before, or the same day as the graminicides, generally decreased grass weed control.

Production practices in Western Australia for wheats suitable for white, salted noodles

1997 ◽  
Vol 48 (1) ◽  
pp. 49 ◽  
Author(s):  
W. K. Anderson ◽  
G. B. Crosbie ◽  
W. J. Lambe
Keyword(s):  
Weed Control ◽  
Western Australia ◽  
Annual Rainfall ◽  
Eating Quality ◽  
Grain Protein ◽  
The South ◽  
Sowing Time ◽  
Nitrogen Fertiliser ◽  
Protein Percentage ◽  
Grass Weed

Wheat cultivars acceptable for the Noodle wheat segregation in Western Australia were compared with cultivars suitable for the Australian Standard White (ASW) grade over the period 1989–93. Yield and grain quality responses to sowing time, nitrogen fertiliser, soil type, and cropping history were examined to determine management practices most likely to result in wheat grain suitable for the production of white, salted noodles. Thirty experiments were conducted in the 300–450 mm average annual rainfall zone between Three Springs in the north (approx. 29° 30′S) and Newdegate in the south (approx. 33°10′S). The ASW cultivars, Spear, Kulin, and Reeves, outyielded the Noodle cultivars, Gamenya and Eradu, by 8–10% on average, but the yield difference was less at later sowings. The optimum sowing time was early May for most cultivars. The new cultivars, Cadoux (Noodle) and Tammin (potential Noodle, but classiffied General Purpose), tested in 1992 and 1993 in 12 experiments showed an optimum sowing time of late May, as did other midseason cultivars. Grain yields of May-sown crops were increased by 13 kg for every 1 kg of nitrogen applied, compared with 3 : 1 for June-sown crops. Previous legume history of the site and grass weed control in the crop also influenced the grain protein percentage. It was concluded that adoption of production guidelines that include sowing at, or near, the break of the season with about 40 kg/ha of nitrogen fertiliser, a rotation that includes 2-3 years of legume crop or pasture in the previous 5 years, and adequate grass weed control will result in an excellent chance (>80%) of producing grain proteins within the receival standards for the Noodle grade. Flour swelling volume (FSV), an indicator of noodle eating quality, was negatively correlated (not always significantly at P = 0·05) with grain protein percentage in 7 out of 8 experiments. FSV values were larger from sites located in the south of the study area and this appeared to be independent of protein and time-of-sowing effects. Small grain sievings (<2 mm) were increased by sowing after the end of May, especially in the longer season cultivars.

Response of Teff, Barnyardgrass, and Broadleaf Weeds to Postemergence Herbicides

2014 ◽  
Vol 28 (2) ◽  
pp. 371-376
Author(s):  
O. Steven Norberg ◽  
Joel Felix
Keyword(s):  
Weed Control ◽  
Warm Season ◽  
Field Studies ◽  
The United States ◽  
Production Costs ◽  
Grain Production ◽  
Annual Grass ◽  
Food Grain ◽  
Postemergence Herbicides ◽  
Grass Weed

Teff is a warm-season C4 annual grass crop grown for forage and food grain that has recently increased in production in parts of the United States. Hay from teff is well suited for livestock, especially horses. The objective of this study was to evaluate teff and weed response to selected herbicides in field studies conducted at the Malheur Experiment Station, Ontario, OR in 2009 and 2010. Herbicides were applied POST when teff was at the four-leaf stage. Broadleaf weed control at 21 d after treatment was greater than 91% across herbicide treatments. Only the premix of 2.5 g ai ha−1florasulam + 99 g ae ha−1fluroxypyr + 15 g ai ha−1pyroxsulam provided acceptable control of barnyardgrass. Due primarily to barnyardgrass competition, teff treated with a premix of 2.5 g ha−1florasulam + 99 g ha−1fluroxypyr + 15 g ha−1pyroxsulam produced 7,200 kg ha−1of teff hay compared with 4,800 kg ha−1of teff hay for 2,4-D and dicamba and 4,200 kg ha−1teff hay when no herbicides were used. Teff grain production was greater with 2.5 g ha−1florasulam + 99 g ha−1fluroxypyr + 15 g ha−1pyroxsulam compared with any of the other treatments. The use of a premix of florasulam + fluroxypyr + pyroxsulam would improve broadleaf and grass weed control in ‘Tiffany' and ‘Dessie' teff varieties, improve hay and grain yield, and reduce production costs.

Response of Three Switchgrass (Panicum virgatum) Cultivars to Mesotrione, Quinclorac, and Pendimethalin

2010 ◽  
Vol 24 (3) ◽  
pp. 336-341 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rick A. Boydston ◽  
Harold P. Collins ◽  
Steven C. Fransen
Keyword(s):  
Weed Control ◽  
Panicum Virgatum ◽  
Severely Injured ◽  
Annual Grass ◽  
Herbicide Application ◽  
Leaf Stage ◽  
Green Foxtail ◽  
Herbicide Treatments ◽  
The One ◽  
Grass Weed

Annual grass weed control and switchgrass cultivar response to PRE-applied pendimethalin and POST-applied mesotrione and quinclorac was evaluated in 2005 and 2006 near Paterson, WA, in both newly seeded and 1-yr-old established switchgrass. Pendimethalin applied to newly planted switchgrass at 1.1 kg ai ha−1at the one-leaf stage in 2005 or at 0.67 kg ha−1PRE in 2006 severely injured and greatly reduced switchgrass stands. Mesotrione applied POST at 0.07 kg ai ha−1injured newly planted switchgrass, reduced switchgrass height for several weeks after treatment, and reduced final switchgrass biomass by 54% both years. ‘Kanlow’ and ‘Cave-in-Rock’ cultivars were injured less by mesotrione than ‘Shawnee’ in 2005, whereas in 2006, Kanlow was injured less than Shawnee and Cave-in-Rock. Quinclorac applied POST at 0.56 kg ai ha−1injured newly planted switchgrass less than mesotrione and pendimethalin but reduced final switchgrass biomass by 33% both years compared with treatment with atrazine alone. All three herbicide treatments controlled large crabgrass in the year of establishment. Green foxtail counts were reduced 93% or more by pendimethalin and quinclorac compared with nontreated controls, but mesotrione failed to control green foxtail. Pendimethalin applied PRE at 1.1 kg ha−1did not injure 1-yr-old established switchgrass or reduce switchgrass biomass. Quinclorac applied POST at 0.56 kg ha−1to established switchgrass reduced switchgrass biomass of the first harvest by 16% in 1 of 2 yr. Mesotrione applied POST at 0.07 kg ha−1injured established switchgrass and reduced biomass of the first harvest by 33 and 17% in 2005 and 2006, respectively. Kanlow was injured the least by mesotrione in both years. Established switchgrass suppressed late-emerging annual grass weeds sufficiently to avoid the need for a grass-specific herbicide application.

Characterizing traits that enhance the competitiveness of winter wheat (Triticum aestivum) against jointed goatgrass (Aegilops cylindrica)

Weed Science ◽  
1999 ◽  
Vol 47 (1) ◽  
pp. 74-80 ◽  
Author(s):  
Alex G. Ogg ◽  
Steven S. Seefeldt
Keyword(s):  
Winter Wheat ◽  
Seed Production ◽  
Latent Variables ◽  
Annual Grass ◽  
Aegilops Cylindrica ◽  
Growing Seasons ◽  
Jointed Goatgrass ◽  
Important Trait ◽  
Winter Annual ◽  
Grass Weed

Our objective was to identify traits in winter wheat important to competitiveness against jointed goatgrass, measured as increased wheat yields and reduced jointed goatgrass seed production. Jointed goatgrass is an important winter annual grass weed that cannot be controlled selectively in winter wheat. Seven cultivars of soft white winter wheat were grown with and without competition from jointed goatgrass over two growing seasons. Measurements of numerous traits of winter wheat and jointed goatgrass were recorded throughout each growing season. The data were analyzed using path analysis with latent variables to determine which traits most enhanced competitiveness. In a drier year, increased rate of height development was important in maintaining wheat yields when wheat was growing in competition with jointed goatgrass. Increased rate of height development also was an important trait in reducing jointed goatgrass seed production. In a wet year compared to a dry year, the number of wheat heads per plant, the rate of water use, and weight gain were positively correlated to maintaining winter wheat yields. Jointed goatgrass seed production in the wet year was reduced overall compared to the dry year, but from the cultivars tested, there were no traits identified that were critical in enhancing this loss of seed production. This study suggests that cultivars with greater height development rates will be more competitive when growing in fields infested with jointed goatgrass.

scholarly journals Ripgut brome (Bromus diandrus) distribution in relation to topography and management on seven high country properties in the South Island

2007 ◽  
Vol 60 ◽  
pp. 168-173 ◽  
Author(s):  
K.N. Tozer ◽  
A.J. Marshall ◽  
J.R. Sedcole ◽  
G.R. Edwards
Keyword(s):  
Plant Competition ◽  
Perennial Grass ◽  
Grazing Intensity ◽  
Grass Cover ◽  
Sheep Grazing ◽  
Annual Grass ◽  
The South ◽  
Bromus Diandrus ◽  
Brome Grass

Seeds of ripgut brome an annual grass can contaminate the wool pelt and carcasses of sheep grazing on high country properties The distribution of ripgut brome on seven high country properties in Marlborough Canterbury and Otago was determined during December 2006 to February 2007 The presence of ripgut brome was measured in paddocks of different management intensities at altitudes ranging from 400 to 1400 m Ripgut brome grass presence was lower in sites managed less intensively (eg less fertiliser and oversowing) in hard than laxly grazed sites and in sites of high exotic perennial grass cover It was more prevalent on stock camps than off stock camps and on steeper slopes and sunny aspects but was unaffected by legume cover shrub presence or altitude The results suggest that increased grazing intensity and enhanced plant competition are methods that may be used to suppress ripgut brome on hill and high country properties

Weed Control in Soybeans (Glycine max) with Reduced Rates of Postemergence Herbicides

Weed Science ◽  
1989 ◽  
Vol 37 (3) ◽  
pp. 365-374 ◽  
Author(s):  
Michael S. Defelice ◽  
William B. Brown ◽  
Richard J. Aldrich ◽  
Barry D. Sims ◽  
Dan T. Judy ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Glycine Max ◽  
Weed Control ◽  
Seed Production ◽  
Field Studies ◽  
Weed Seed ◽  
Giant Foxtail ◽  
Full Rate ◽  
Postemergence Herbicides ◽  
Grass Weed

Field studies were conducted at three sites in Missouri in 1986 and 1987 to evaluate the performance of below-label rates of bentazon, acifluorfen, and chlorimuron tank mixed with sethoxydim and applied to soybeans 7 and 14 days after planting to evaluate broadleaf and grass weed control and weed seed production. Sequential applications of 0.25X-labeled rates of all three broadleaf herbicides tank mixed with 0.5X sethoxydim rates controlled giant foxtail, velvetleaf, and common cocklebur equivalent to one application of standard-labeled rates of the same tank mixes. Single applications of below-labeled rates of the postemergence herbicides did not control weeds, and soybean yields were not equal to sequential 0.25X or single full-rate treatments. A preemergence treatment of clomazone plus imazaquin applied at labeled rates controlled weeds, and soybean yields were equal to a handweeded check in both years at all test locations. Weeds survived and produced seed to reinfest the plots the following year unless nearly 100% control was achieved.

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