Establishment, annual yield and nitrogen response of eight perennial grasses in a high country environment

An experiment was established within the Lees Valley (400 m a.s.l.), Canterbury out of low producing, browntop dominant grassland. The aim was to quantify dry matter (DM) production of improved perennial grasses in relation to temperature and nitrogen inputs. Ten grass monocultures were established in 2006. Keywords: Bromus stamineus, Bromus valdivianus, Dactylis glomerata, dryland, Festuca arundinacea, Lolium perenne, pasture establishment, Phleum pratense

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Effects of grass species on ruminal degradability of silages and prediction of dry matter effective degradability

Czech Journal of Animal Science ◽

10.17221/1725-cjas ◽

2009 ◽

Vol 54 (No. 7) ◽

pp. 315-323 ◽

Cited By ~ 5

Author(s):

F. Jančík ◽

V. Koukolová ◽

P. Kubelková ◽

B. Čermák

Keyword(s):

Lolium Perenne ◽

Festuca Arundinacea ◽

Dry Matter ◽

Dactylis Glomerata ◽

Phleum Pratense ◽

Grass Species ◽

Regression Equations ◽

Ruminant Nutrition ◽

Accuracy Level ◽

Ruminal Degradability

Forty samples of grass silages, made from the five most widely used grass species in ruminant nutrition (Dactylis glomerata L.,Phleum pratense L., Lolium perenne L., Festuca arundinacea L. and hybrid Felina) were tested in the present study. These grass species conserved by an ensiling process were compared among each other according to dry matter (DM) rumen degradability parameters (a = portion of DM solubilized at initiation of incubation, b = fraction of DM potentially degradable in the rumen, c = rate constant of disappearance of fraction b and EDDM = effective degradability of DM, estimated for each ingredient assuming the rumen solid outflow rates of 0.02 (EDDM2), 0.05 (EDDM5) and 0.08 (EDDM8) h–1). Based on the chemical composition of grass silages the regression equations for prediction of EDDM were evaluated. The influence of the ensiling process on dry matter degradability parameters was also assessed. The best values of EDDM were determined for Lolium perenne (EDDM2 = 753.2, EDDM5 = 631.1 and EDDM8 = 567.7 g/kg DM). The best predictor was NDF (R2-values of 0.757 (EDDM2), 0.863 (EDDM5) and 0.906 (EDDM8)). Using two predictors the accuracy level increased. The combination of CF and NDF gave R2-values 0.892, 0.920 and 0.929 for EDDM2, EDDM5 and EDDM8, respectively. The regression equations based on the most important grass species harvested in different vegetation periods seem to be a useful tool for practical use. No significant P < 0.05) effect of the ensiling process in relation to dry matter rumen degradability parameters was proved.

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Control of the biennial thistle, Onopordum, by amitrole and five perennial grasses

Australian Journal of Experimental Agriculture ◽

10.1071/ea9680332 ◽

1968 ◽

Vol 8 (32) ◽

pp. 332 ◽

Cited By ~ 8

Author(s):

PW Michael

Keyword(s):

Lolium Perenne ◽

Festuca Arundinacea ◽

Relative Effectiveness ◽

Dactylis Glomerata ◽

Trifolium Subterraneum ◽

Perennial Grasses ◽

South Wales ◽

Distribution Studies ◽

Apparent Susceptibility

Experiments carried out from 1959 to 1967 Rear Goulburn in the southern tablelands of New South Wales were designed to test the relative effectiveness of the perennial grasses, Bromtls inermis C.P.I.7073, Dactylis glomerata CV. Brignoles, Festuca arumdinacea CV. Demeter, Lolium perenne CV. Victorian, and Phalaris tuberosa CV. Australian in seasonal control of the biennial thistle Onopordum. The grasses were sown in autumn and in spring. Amitrole (0.5 lb active ingredient an acre) was used to suppress the thistles in the first season. Harvests of the autumn- and spring-sown plots in December 1959 showed large decreases in yield of thistles and increases in yield of grass due to spraying, but in two or three years these effects had disappeared. Dactylis glomerata and Lolium perenne were the most productive grasses at the December 1959 harvest, but the former gave better thistle control. Harvests of the autumn-sown plots in October 1963 showed that Dactylis glomerata and Festuca arundinacea gave the best control of thistles, while in 1966 Dactylis glomerata had almost disappeared and was no longer effective. In 1966, Festuca arumdinacea and Phalaris tuberosa were the only grasses giving effective thistle control. Harvests of the autumn-sown plots in October 1960 showed an increase in yield of the sown grasses but not of the thistles to 30 and 60 lb nitrogen applied in August 1960 before active spring growth of thistles began. Despite a stronger growth of thistles in the first season, the spring-sown grasses showed essentially the same pattern of thistle control as the autumn-sown grasses throughout the remainder of the trial period. Root distribution studies in 1961 showed that Dactylis glomerata had a much higher proportion of its roots in the top six inches than either Festuca arundinacea or Phalaris tuberosa. The greater surface rooting habit of Dactylis glomerata was considered to be important in determining its early success in thistle control, its exclusion of Trifolium subterraneum and its apparent susceptibility to a drought experienced in 1964-65. On the other hand, the deeper rooting habit of Festuca arundinacea and Phalaris tuberosa was taken to explain their persistence and long-term success in thistle control.

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A comparison of six grasses for animal production

Proceedings of the New Zealand Grassland Association ◽

10.33584/jnzg.1992.54.2022 ◽

1992 ◽

pp. 147-150

Author(s):

D.R. Stevens ◽

G.S. Baxter ◽

M.J. Casey ◽

K.B. Miller ◽

R.J. Lucas

Keyword(s):

Lolium Perenne ◽

Tall Fescue ◽

Trifolium Repens ◽

Festuca Arundinacea ◽

Dactylis Glomerata ◽

Phleum Pratense ◽

Animal Production ◽

Research Centre ◽

Stocking Rate ◽

Prairie Grass

Farmers are aware of the increasing amount of information comparing alternative cultivars in dry environments in New Zealand. Animal production data in cool moist environments was unknown. To compare relative animal performance six different grasses were sown with Grasslands Tahora white clover (Trifolium repens L.) in 0.25 ha plots in two replicates in December 1988 at the Gore Research Centre in Southland. The six grasses were Grasslands Nui perennial ryegrass (Lolium perenne L.), Grasslands Roa tall fescue (Festuca arundinacea L)., Grasslands Kara cocksfoot (Dactylis glomerata L). Grasslands Matua prairie grass (Bromus willdenowii Ku&), Grasslands Hakari upland bmme (Bromus sitchensis), and Grasslands Kahu timothy (Phleum pratense L). These pastures were rotationally grazed with goats through spring and summer of the following two years; 2-weekly liveweight gain of 10 goats was recorded. Stocking rate was estimated from the addition of extra goats each week to achieve a residual pasture height of 100 mm. Spring liveweight gains (mid Sept-late Nov) were greatest on timothy and least on prairie grass. Stocking rate in spring was highest on the upland brome and tall fescue pastures and lowest for prairie grass and timothy pastures. Prairie grass pastures produced less total liveweight gain per ha than the other pastures. During summer, goat liveweight gains were ranked similarly to spring. Stocking rates were greatest on upland brome, and lowest on tall fescue. Total liveweight gain per ha in summer was greatest on the timothy pastures and least on prairie grass pastures. Keywords Bromus sitchensis, Bromus willdenowii, Dactylis glomerata, Festuca arundinacea, goats, Lolium perenne. liveweight gain, Phleum pratense, stocking rate, Trifolium repens

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Yield and persistence of selected perennial grasses in south-western Australia

Australian Journal of Experimental Agriculture ◽

10.1071/ea9760522 ◽

1976 ◽

Vol 16 (81) ◽

pp. 522 ◽

Cited By ~ 3

Author(s):

AL Rogers ◽

DA Nicholas ◽

RA Maller ◽

GW Arnold

Keyword(s):

Lolium Perenne ◽

Western Australia ◽

Festuca Arundinacea ◽

Plant Density ◽

Total Yield ◽

Dactylis Glomerata ◽

Perennial Grasses ◽

Plant Yield ◽

Gravelly Soils

Nine lines of Dactylis glomerata, five of Phalaris tuberosa, two of Festuca arundinacea, and two of Lolium perenne were compared over a three year period for survival and seasonal yield on two sites on lateritic gravelly soils in south-western Australia. On plots sown broadcast at two seeding rates and grazed periodically, yield and density were measured. On other plots that were drill sown and grazed either continuously or rotationally, density only was measured. In the broadcast plots, there was no interaction between seeding rates and plant yield or plant density. There were significant differences in yield of sown grass between lines in all years, but in total yield (i.e. sown grass plus volunteer annuals) at one site only. Significant differences in density between lines were recorded in all plots. At one site final plant density was similar in the broadcast and drill sown plots, whereas at the second site there were large differences between the broadcast and drilled plots. On a survival and yield basis the best lines of each were D. glomerate cv. Currie, P. tuberosa cv. Australian, F. arundinacea CPI 15301, and L. perenne CPI 15914. F. arundinacea gave outstanding winter yields.

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Comparative productivity of perennial and annual pastures under continuous grazing by sheep

Australian Journal of Experimental Agriculture ◽

10.1071/ea9820364 ◽

1982 ◽

Vol 22 (119) ◽

pp. 364 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

AL Rogers ◽

EF Biddiscombe ◽

RJW Barron ◽

DJ Briegel

Keyword(s):

Lolium Perenne ◽

Weight Change ◽

Festuca Arundinacea ◽

Dactylis Glomerata ◽

Perennial Grasses ◽

Early Winter ◽

Sheep Grazing ◽

Wool Production ◽

Continuous Grazing ◽

Rainfall Region

The productivity of sheep grazing clover based pastures with and without sown perennial grasses was evaluated at two sites in the 500-550 mm rainfall region of south-western Australia. The grasses were Phalaris aquatica, Dactylis glomerata, Lolium perenne, and Festuca arundinacea (one site only). There were significant differences between the effects of the pastures on liveweight change in each year. The inclusion of perennial grasses tended to reduce liveweight loss during autumn and early winter, when the range of differences in weight change was commonly 4-6 kg/head. Most consistent results were obtained in the sheep grazing P. aquatica and F. arundinacea pastures; D. glomerata, L. perenne, and annual pastures were more variable between seasons and between sites. Significant differences were also found in wool production. Sheep grazing F. arundinacea and P. aquatica showed mean adjusted fleece weights 0.29-0.76 kg/head greater than those from sheep grazing annuals. At the end of the experiments, survival of sown grasses at the respective sites was 17 and 25 plants/m2 for P. aquatica, 43 and 29/m2 for D. glomerata, 27/m2 for F. arundinacea, and less than 1/m2 for L. perenne. The contribution of perennials to total herbage tended to decline with time. The results suggest that advantages in liveweight and wool production may be gained by the addition of some perennial grasses to the pastures of the region.

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EVALUATION OF TWENTY GRASS POPULATIONS AS IRRIGATED HAY CROPS FOR SOUTHWESTERN SASKATCHEWAN

Canadian Journal of Plant Science ◽

10.4141/cjps79-108 ◽

1979 ◽

Vol 59 (3) ◽

pp. 691-700 ◽

Cited By ~ 4

Author(s):

T. LAWRENCE ◽

F. G. WARDER

Keyword(s):

Organic Matter ◽

Festuca Arundinacea ◽

Dry Matter ◽

Poa Pratensis ◽

Organic Matter Content ◽

Dactylis Glomerata ◽

Matter Content ◽

Phleum Pratense ◽

N Content ◽

P Content

Twenty grass populations were evaluated for dry matter yield, N content, P content, organic matter content, organic matter digestibility and winterhardiness. Of these populations, Agropyron intermedium was most suitable for a hay crop on a well-drained irrigated soil. Agropyron trichophorum, Bromus inermis, and Phalaris arundinacea were lower-yielding alternatives that had a satisfactory N content and good digestibility. Elymus angustus shows promise as an irrigated hay crop and should be evaluated further. The usefulness of the following populations was limited by one or more of these factors: low yield (Y), low N content (N), low digestibility (D) and lack of winterhardiness (W): Dactylis glomerata ’Kay’ (Y,N,D), Dactylis glomerata ’Chinook’ (Y,N,W), Elymus sibiricus (Y), Festuca arundinacea ’Kenmont’ (Y,N,W), Festuca elatior ’Trader’ (Y,N), Phleum pratense (Y,N,D), Poa ampla ’Sherman’ (N,D), Poa bulbosa cv. P4874 (Y,N,D), and Poa pratensis (Y,N,D).

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Analysis of dry matter yield structure of forage grasses

Plant Soil and Environment ◽

10.17221/4033-pse ◽

2011 ◽

Vol 50 (No. 6) ◽

pp. 277-282 ◽

Cited By ~ 8

Author(s):

N. Lemežienė ◽

J. Kanapeckas ◽

P. Tarakanovas ◽

S. Nekrošas

Keyword(s):

Lolium Perenne ◽

Dry Matter ◽

Poa Pratensis ◽

Dactylis Glomerata ◽

Phleum Pratense ◽

Grass Species ◽

Festuca Pratensis ◽

Dry Matter Yield ◽

Yield Data ◽

Yield Structure

An average dry matter yield structure (three cuts per growing season) in relation to agronomically valuable characteristics of six forage grass species and a year of herbage utilization was studied over the period of 1989–2002 in Lithuania. The most productive species of the first cut of two years of herbage utilization were Phleum pratense (P < 0.01) and Festulolium hybrids (P < 0.05) (average dry matter yield were 7.42 and 6.66 t/ha, respectively), moderately productive – Festuca pratensis, Dactylis glomerata and Lolium perenne (5.58, 5.42 and 5.20 t/ha), significantly lower (P < 0.01) yielding was Poa pratensis (4.19 t/ha). During two years of herbage utilization Dactylis glomerata produced significantly (P < 0.01) higher dry matter yield of aftermath – 7.30 t/ha. Other grass species were ranked in the following order: Festulolium hybrids 5.85 t/ha, Festuca pratensis 4.94 t/ha, Poa pratensis 4.57 t/ha, Lolium perenne 4.48 t/ha, and Phleum pratense 3.92 t/ha. Dactylis glomerata and Poa pratensis distinguished by the highest aftermath percent in the structure of the annual dry matter yield (57.7 and 52.2%). Phleum pratense formed an especially poor aftermath – only 34.6%. An average annual dry matter yield data analysis of two years of herbage utilization over the period of 1989–2002 showed that Dactylis glomerata and Festulolium hybrids were most productive (P < 0.01) species.

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Effects of binary seed mixtures of ryegrass, cocksfoot and tall fescue on pasture production

Proceedings of the New Zealand Grassland Association ◽

10.33584/jnzg.2000.62.2364 ◽

2000 ◽

pp. 141-146

Author(s):

D.R. Stevens ◽

M.J. Hickey

Keyword(s):

Binary Mixtures ◽

Lolium Perenne ◽

White Clover ◽

Tall Fescue ◽

Festuca Arundinacea ◽

Dry Matter ◽

Dactylis Glomerata ◽

Dry Matter Yield ◽

Replacement Series ◽

Pasture Production

This study measured total dry matter production and botanical composition of binary mixtures of cocksfoot (Dactylis glomerata), ryegrass (Lolium perenne) or tall fescue (Festuca arundinacea), as a replacement series in proportions of 100:0, 75:25, 50:50, 25:75 and 0:100 from June 1987 until May 1993. The binary mixtures were sown in March 1986 with white clover, on an occasionally drought affected Kaweku silt loam, with an average annual rainfall of 750 mm near Riversdale, in Southland. Mixtures with ryegrass were allowed a 6-month establishment period before ryegrass was overdrilled in early October 1986. Total yields of ryegrass/cocksfoot mixtures increased as ryegrass seeding rate increased. Clover yields were generally unaffected. Mixtures of cocksfoot/tall fescue produced more sown grass than either species sown alone. This lowered clover and other grass yields, resulting in no total dry matter yield improvement in mixtures compared to pure sowings. Tall fescue/ ryegrass mixtures were competitive in winter and spring with lower total yields than either species sown alone. This competition also lowered other grass yields. During summer and autumn the total production increased as the amount of ryegrass increased. Seed mixtures with two perennial temperate pasture grasses did not provide any extra pasture production in a cool temperate environment under infrequent hard grazing management. The best choice for the region would be the grass that provided the greatest dry matter yield. Other components such as clover may be reduced when mixing grasses. Keywords: cocksfoot, competition, Dactylis glomerata, Festuca arundinacea, Lolium perenne, mixtures, pasture yield, replacement series, ryegrass, tall fescue, white clover

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Evaluation of mineral fertilizer effects in a long-term experiment on a planted sward

Agrokémia és Talajtan ◽

10.1556/agrokem.59.2010.2.8 ◽

2010 ◽

Vol 59 (2) ◽

pp. 295-314 ◽

Cited By ~ 3

Author(s):

Imre Kádár

Keyword(s):

Festuca Arundinacea ◽

Dactylis Glomerata ◽

Mineral Fertilizer ◽

Phleum Pratense ◽

Agropyron Cristatum ◽

Festuca Rubra ◽

Festuca Pratensis ◽

Term Experiment ◽

Long Term Experiment

Egy műtrágyázási tartamkísérlet 32. évében, 2005-ben vizsgáltuk az eltérő N-, P- és K-ellátottsági szintek és kombinációik hatását a réti csenkesz (Festuca pratensis) vezérnövényű, nyolckomponensű, pillangós nélküli gyepkeverék termésére, fejlődésére és elemtartalmára. A termőhely mészlepedékes csernozjom talaja a szántott rétegben mintegy 3% humuszt, 3–5% CaCO3-ot és 20–22% agyagot tartalmazott, N és K elemekben közepesen, P és Zn elemekben gyengén ellátottnak minősült. A kísérlet 4N×4P×4K = 64 kezelést×2 ismétlést = 128 parcellát foglalt magában. A talajvíz 13–15 m mélyen helyezkedik el, a terület aszályérzékeny. A vizsgált 2005. évben azonban kielégítő mennyiségű (649 mm) csapadék hullott és annak eloszlása is kedvező volt. A gyep telepítése spenót elővetemény után 2000. szeptember 20-án történt gabona sortávra 60 kg·ha–1 vetőmaggal, amelynek 25%-át (15 kg) a réti csenkesz (Festuca pratensis); 21–21%-át (12,6 kg) a nádképű csenkesz (Festuca arundinacea) és az angol perje (Lolium perenne); 9%-át (5,4 kg) a taréjos búzafű (Agropyron cristatum), valamint 6–6%-át (3,6 kg) a vörös csenkesz (Festuca rubra), a réti komócsin (Phleum pratense), a zöld pántlikafű (Phalaris arundinacea) és a csomós ebír (Dactylis glomerata) tette ki. Főbb eredményeink: – A meghatározó N-trágyázás nyomán a szénatermés 5-szörösére emelkedett a két kaszálással a N-kontrollhoz viszonyítva. A maximális 10 t·ha–1 körüli légszáraz szénahozamokat a 300 kg N·ha–1·év–1 N-adag, valamint a 150 mg·kg–1 körüli AL-P2O5-, illetve 150 mg·kg–1 feletti AL-K2O-tartalom biztosította. Növénydiagnosztikai szempontból a nagy terméshez kötődő optimális elemtartalom 2% körüli N- és K-, illetve 0,2–0,3% P-koncentráció volt a szénában. – A két kaszálással felvett minimum (a 2 t·ha–1 körüli szénatermést adó N-kontroll) és maximum (a 10 t·ha–1 körüli szénahozamú, nitrogénnel és PK-vel jól ellátott talajok) elemmennyiségek a következőképpen alakultak: N 21–196 kg, K 39–188 kg, Ca 9–48 kg, Mg 4–22 kg, P 6–21 kg. – Az N×P és N×K kölcsönhatások kifejezettebbé váltak a 2. kaszálás idején. A P 0,18–0,55%, a NO3-N 86–1582 mg·kg–1, a Cu 4,7–7,4 mg·kg–1, a Mo 0,7–4,1 mg·kg–1 extrém értékeket jelzett az N×P kezelések függvényében. Az N×K kezelésekben a K 1,44–2,73%, a Mg 0,26–0,39%, a Na 71–2178 mg·kg–1, a Ba 4,1–9,6 mg·kg–1, a Cd 15–44 µg·kg–1 szélsőértékekkel volt jellemezhető. A Sr a 10–26 mg·kg–1 koncentrációtartományban módosult a P×K-ellátottság nyomán. Élettani, takarmányozástani szempontból az indukált kölcsönhatások nyomon követése elengedhetetlen, amennyiben olyan mérvű tápelemhiányok, illetve aránytalanságok jöhetnek létre, melyek anyagcserezavarokat okozhatnak a növényt fogyasztó állatban.

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Productivity of the forage of perennial grasses and their mixtures on drained peatlands

Interdepartmental thematic scientific collection "Agriculture" ◽

10.31073/zem.91.74-79 ◽

2016 ◽

Vol 2 (91) ◽

pp. 74-79

Author(s):

V.H. Kurhak ◽

M.I. Shtakal ◽

V.M. Shtakal

Keyword(s):

Dactylis Glomerata ◽

Dry Weight ◽

Phleum Pratense ◽

Bromus Inermis ◽

Metabolizable Energy ◽

Perennial Grasses ◽

Forest Steppe ◽

Left Bank ◽

Peat Soils ◽

High Productivity

There showed the productivity, chemical composition of feed and the timing of mowing of grass and variety mixes of permanent grasses on drained peat soils of Left Bank Forest-Steppe of Ukraine. The presence of early rip ened seeded grass provides a uniform supply use mowed mass from middle May until the end of September and the productivity of lands, which ranges from 10 to 14 t/ha of dry weight, metabolizable energy – 100.0 – 130.0 GJ and feed units 7-11 t/ha. Additional manuring of N90 on the background Р45К120 is effective at the start of second year of use. On the organization of hay conveyors of different ripening time herbages is possible to extend the optimal tim ing of mowing of green mass to 25-35 days. Best among the early-maturing grass crops are Dactylis glomerata va riety Kyivska rannia-1 with Alopecurus pratensis variety Sarnenskiy ranniy or its mixture with Bromus inermis and Festuca pratensis. With medium ripening – pure sowing eastern fescue of variety Lyudmila, Phalaris arundinacea variety Sarnenski-40, Bromus inermis variety Arsen and their compounds. High productivity of late-ripening herb age is provided by the inclusion in the composition of grass mixtures of Phleum pratense L. variety Vyshgorodska and Dactylis glomerata of variety Ukrainka, and Agrostis gigantea Roth variety Sarnenska piznia. It is also possible organization hay conveyors of different ripening varieties of Dactylis glomerata varieties Kyivska rannia, Muravka, Ukrainka.

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