Effects of grass species on ruminal degradability of silages and prediction of dry matter effective degradability

Forty samples of grass silages, made from the five most widely used grass species in ruminant nutrition (Dactylis glomerata L.,Phleum pratense L., Lolium perenne L., Festuca arundinacea L. and hybrid Felina) were tested in the present study. These grass species conserved by an ensiling process were compared among each other according to dry matter (DM) rumen degradability parameters (a = portion of DM solubilized at initiation of incubation, b = fraction of DM potentially degradable in the rumen, c = rate constant of disappearance of fraction b and EDDM = effective degradability of DM, estimated for each ingredient assuming the rumen solid outflow rates of 0.02 (EDDM2), 0.05 (EDDM5) and 0.08 (EDDM8) h–1). Based on the chemical composition of grass silages the regression equations for prediction of EDDM were evaluated. The influence of the ensiling process on dry matter degradability parameters was also assessed. The best values of EDDM were determined for Lolium perenne (EDDM2 = 753.2, EDDM5 = 631.1 and EDDM8 = 567.7 g/kg DM). The best predictor was NDF (R2-values of 0.757 (EDDM2), 0.863 (EDDM5) and 0.906 (EDDM8)). Using two predictors the accuracy level increased. The combination of CF and NDF gave R2-values 0.892, 0.920 and 0.929 for EDDM2, EDDM5 and EDDM8, respectively. The regression equations based on the most important grass species harvested in different vegetation periods seem to be a useful tool for practical use. No significant P < 0.05) effect of the ensiling process in relation to dry matter rumen degradability parameters was proved.

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Analysis of dry matter yield structure of forage grasses

Plant Soil and Environment ◽

10.17221/4033-pse ◽

2011 ◽

Vol 50 (No. 6) ◽

pp. 277-282 ◽

Cited By ~ 8

Author(s):

N. Lemežienė ◽

J. Kanapeckas ◽

P. Tarakanovas ◽

S. Nekrošas

Keyword(s):

Lolium Perenne ◽

Dry Matter ◽

Poa Pratensis ◽

Dactylis Glomerata ◽

Phleum Pratense ◽

Grass Species ◽

Festuca Pratensis ◽

Dry Matter Yield ◽

Yield Data ◽

Yield Structure

An average dry matter yield structure (three cuts per growing season) in relation to agronomically valuable characteristics of six forage grass species and a year of herbage utilization was studied over the period of 1989–2002 in Lithuania. The most productive species of the first cut of two years of herbage utilization were Phleum pratense (P < 0.01) and Festulolium hybrids (P < 0.05) (average dry matter yield were 7.42 and 6.66 t/ha, respectively), moderately productive – Festuca pratensis, Dactylis glomerata and Lolium perenne (5.58, 5.42 and 5.20 t/ha), significantly lower (P < 0.01) yielding was Poa pratensis (4.19 t/ha). During two years of herbage utilization Dactylis glomerata produced significantly (P < 0.01) higher dry matter yield of aftermath – 7.30 t/ha. Other grass species were ranked in the following order: Festulolium hybrids 5.85 t/ha, Festuca pratensis 4.94 t/ha, Poa pratensis 4.57 t/ha, Lolium perenne 4.48 t/ha, and Phleum pratense 3.92 t/ha. Dactylis glomerata and Poa pratensis distinguished by the highest aftermath percent in the structure of the annual dry matter yield (57.7 and 52.2%). Phleum pratense formed an especially poor aftermath – only 34.6%. An average annual dry matter yield data analysis of two years of herbage utilization over the period of 1989–2002 showed that Dactylis glomerata and Festulolium hybrids were most productive (P < 0.01) species.

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Ruminal degradability of dry matter and neutral detergent fibre of grasses

Czech Journal of Animal Science ◽

10.17221/211/2009-cjas ◽

2010 ◽

Vol 55 (No. 9) ◽

pp. 359-371 ◽

Cited By ~ 2

Author(s):

F. Jančík ◽

V. Koukolová ◽

P. Homolka

Keyword(s):

Chemical Composition ◽

Lolium Perenne ◽

Dry Matter ◽

Phleum Pratense ◽

Grass Species ◽

Nutrient Concentrations ◽

Regression Equations ◽

Prediction Equations ◽

Neutral Detergent Fibre ◽

In Sacco

A study was conducted (I) to determine rumen degradability (in sacco) of dry matter (DM) and neutral detergent fibre (NDF) of the most important grass species grown in the Czech Republic, (II) to compare grass species (n = 5) according to calculated degradation parameters, and (III) to establish prediction equations for degradation parameters from chemical composition. Forty samples of the most important grass species (Dactylis glomerata, Phleum pratense, Lolium perenne, Festuca arundinacea, Felina hybrid) were harvested in 2004 and 2005 and analyzed for chemical composition, and DM and NDF in sacco degradability. Results from the in sacco method were used to calculate DM and NDF degradation parameters. Linear and stepwise multiple regression analyses were used to develop prediction equations for DM and NDF degradation parameters from nutrient concentrations. The highest DM and NDF degradation parameters were found for Lolium perenne. DM and NDF rumen degradation parameters were successfully predicted from chemical composition, with a single predictor adequate for most parameters. For all parameters R2-values increased with addition of more predictors into regression equations. Effective degradability (ED) of DM calculated at a rumen outflow rate (k) of 0.05 h–1 was the best predicted by NDF (R2 = 0.878), and ED of NDF at k = 0.02 h–1 by crude protein (CP) (R2 = 0.653).

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Establishment, annual yield and nitrogen response of eight perennial grasses in a high country environment

Proceedings of the New Zealand Grassland Association ◽

10.33584/jnzg.2008.70.2740 ◽

2008 ◽

pp. 123-130 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

V. Fasi ◽

A. Mills ◽

D.J. Moot ◽

W.R. Scott ◽

K. Pollock

Keyword(s):

Lolium Perenne ◽

Festuca Arundinacea ◽

Dry Matter ◽

Dactylis Glomerata ◽

Phleum Pratense ◽

Perennial Grasses ◽

Nitrogen Response ◽

Nitrogen Inputs

An experiment was established within the Lees Valley (400 m a.s.l.), Canterbury out of low producing, browntop dominant grassland. The aim was to quantify dry matter (DM) production of improved perennial grasses in relation to temperature and nitrogen inputs. Ten grass monocultures were established in 2006. Keywords: Bromus stamineus, Bromus valdivianus, Dactylis glomerata, dryland, Festuca arundinacea, Lolium perenne, pasture establishment, Phleum pratense

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Can pasture persistence be improved through the use of nonryegrass species?

NZGA: Research and Practice Series ◽

10.33584/rps.15.2011.3197 ◽

2011 ◽

Vol 15 ◽

pp. 157-162

Author(s):

G.D. Milne

Keyword(s):

New Zealand ◽

Water Temperature ◽

Lolium Perenne ◽

Perennial Ryegrass ◽

Tall Fescue ◽

Festuca Arundinacea ◽

Dactylis Glomerata ◽

Grass Species ◽

Nutrient Deficiencies ◽

Recent Discussion

Recent discussion about pasture persistence concentrates on pastures based on perennial ryegrass, the most commonly used grass species. This paper raises the question as to whether some of the causes of poor pasture persistence are due to perennial ryegrass being used in environments to which it is not suited. The adaptation to environmental stresses, particularly water, temperature and nutrient deficiencies, in different regions of New Zealand of tall fescue, cocksfoot, phalaris, and lucerne are discussed, and how this impacts on persistence advantages over perennial ryegrass. Keywords: persistence, pasture, Dactylis glomerata, Festuca arundinacea, Lolium perenne, Medicago sativa, Phalaris aquatica

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The resistance of Lolium perenne L. × hybridum, Poa pratensis, Festuca rubra, F. arundinacea, Phleum pratense and Dactylis glomerata to soil pollution by diesel oil and petroleum

Plant Soil and Environment ◽

10.17221/42/2019-pse ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 65 (No. 6) ◽

pp. 307-312 ◽

Cited By ~ 2

Author(s):

Jadwiga Wyszkowska ◽

Agata Borowik ◽

Jan Kucharski

Keyword(s):

Soil Pollution ◽

Lolium Perenne ◽

Poa Pratensis ◽

Dactylis Glomerata ◽

Diesel Oil ◽

Phleum Pratense ◽

Grass Species ◽

Festuca Rubra ◽

Lolium Perenne L ◽

Phleum Pratense L

Resistance of common European grasses to diesel oil and petroleum pollution is not well-known. Therefore, this study aimed at determining the level of resistance of selected grasses to pollution by diesel and petroleum using the pot experiment. The achieved results were compared with those determined for grasses grown on the non-polluted soil. Soil pollution with the tested products was found to significantly decrease the yield of all grasses, with the decrease being lower upon soil pollution with petroleum than with diesel oil. The most resistant to the pollution with diesel oil and petroleum were Phleum pratense L., Lolium perenne L. and Lolium × hybridum Hausskn. The degradation of particular groups of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) depended on their chemical properties, on the type of pollutant and grass species. The greatest degradation was determined in the case of BTEX, C6–C12 benzines as well as 2- and 3-ring hydrocarbons, whereas the lowest in the case of 5-and 6-ring hydrocarbons and C12–C25 oils. The most useful species in the remediation of soils polluted with diesel oil and petroleum turned out to be: Lolium perenne L., Lolium × hybridum Hausskn and Phleum pratense L., whereas the least useful appeared to be: Festuca rubra, Dactylis glomerata L. and Poa pratensis L.

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Contribution of different grass species to plant-atmosphere ammonia exchange in intensively managed grassland

Biogeosciences ◽

10.5194/bg-6-59-2009 ◽

2009 ◽

Vol 6 (1) ◽

pp. 59-66 ◽

Cited By ~ 17

Author(s):

M. Mattsson ◽

B. Herrmann ◽

S. Jones ◽

A. Neftel ◽

M. A. Sutton ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Species Diversity ◽

Lolium Perenne ◽

Dactylis Glomerata ◽

Phleum Pratense ◽

Compensation Point ◽

Grass Species ◽

Festuca Pratensis ◽

Apoplastic Ph ◽

Intensively Managed ◽

Ammonia Exchange

Abstract. Species diversity in grasslands usually declines with increasing input of nitrogen from fertilizers or atmospheric deposition. Conversely, species diversity may also impact the build-up of soil and plant nitrogen pools. One important pool is NH3/NH4+ which also can be exchanged between plant leaves and the atmosphere. Limited information is available on how plant-atmosphere ammonia exchange is related to species diversity in grasslands. We have here investigated grass species abundance and different foliar nitrogen pools in 4-year-old intensively managed grassland. Apoplastic pH and NH4+ concentrations of the 8 most abundant species (Lolium perenne, Phleum pratense, Festuca pratensis, Lolium multiflorum, Poa pratensis, Dactylis glomerata, Holcus lanatus, Bromus mollis) were used to calculate stomatal NH3 compensation points. Apoplastic NH4+ concentrations differed considerably among the species, ranging from 13 to 117 μM, with highest values in Festuca pratensis. Also apoplastic pH values varied, from pH 6.0 in Phleum pratense to 6.9 in Dactylis glomerata. The observed differences in apoplastic NH4+ and pH resulted in a large span of predicted values for the stomatal NH3 compensation point which ranged between 0.20 and 6.57 nmol mol−1. Three species (Lolium perenne, Festuca pratensis and Dactylis glomerata) had sufficiently high NH3 compensation point and abundance to contribute to the bi-directional NH3 fluxes recorded over the whole field. The other 5 grass species had NH3 compensation points considerably below the atmospheric NH3 concentration and were thus not likely to contribute to NH3 emission but only to NH3 uptake from the atmosphere. Evaluated across species, leaf bulk-tissue NH4+ concentrations correlated well (r2=0.902) with stomatal NH3 compensation points calculated on the basis of the apoplastic bioassay. This suggests that leaf tissue NH4+ concentrations combined with data for the frequency distribution of the corresponding species can be used for predicting the NH3 exchange potential of a mixed grass sward.

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Productivity of caucasian clover based pastures under irrigation

Proceedings of the New Zealand Grassland Association ◽

10.33584/jnzg.1996.58.2227 ◽

1996 ◽

pp. 177-181

Author(s):

R.A. Moss ◽

R.N. Burton ◽

B.E. Allan

Keyword(s):

Lolium Perenne ◽

White Clover ◽

Tall Fescue ◽

Festuca Arundinacea ◽

Dactylis Glomerata ◽

Grass Species ◽

Total Production ◽

Silt Loam ◽

Trifolium Ambiguum ◽

Measurement Period

Grasslands Kara cocksfoot, Grasslands Nui ryegrass, Grasslands Roa tall fescue, Grasslands Gala grazing brome and Grasslands Maru phalaris were sown as single grass species with either white or Caucasian clover during December 1993, on a Lismore stony silt loam in Canterbury. Plots were irrigated and rotationally grazed by sheep. Total herbage produced during the first measurement period (September 1994 to July 1995) averaged 13.6 t DM/ha. All white clover-based swards produced similar yields, but with Caucasian clover, phalaris-based swards produced the most and ryegrass and grazing brome the least. Production tended to be lower from pastures sown with Caucasian than white clover (12.9 cf. 14.2,kg DM/ha). During the second measurement period (July 1995 to May 1996) total production was similar with both legumes. When evaluated over both measurement periods, phalaris and tall fescue gave the highest and cocksfoot and ryegrass the lowest production when sown with white clover, while cocksfoot and grazing brome were the lowestproducing swards with Caucasian clover. Ten --months-after-sow.ing,-white-cIover-contributed-in excess of40% of the DM in all swards except with ryegrass and grazing brome where it contributed 20%. The proportion of white clover then declined in all pastures over the following 20 months, ryegrass-based swards having the highest (10%) and cocksfoot the lowest (1%). When sown with Caucasian clover the legume content of swards increased during the 12 months from spring 1994 in swards containing phalaris, tall fescue and grazing brome. The proportion of legume in -cocksfoot swardsmdeclined-continuously from 22 to 4% over the 20 months while it increased continuously from 4 to 28% with ryegrass. The legume content in lo-month-old pastures was higher when sown with white than with Caucasian clover but this ratio was reversed by 28 months. This occurred with all pasture types but was most pronounced with ryegrass and cocksfoot pastures. The present experiment shows Caucasian clover can make a major contribution in irrigated pastures in Canterbury. 'Wattie Bush, RD 22, Peel Forest, Geruldine Keywords: Bromus stamineus, Dactylis glomerata, Festuca arundinacea, grazed pastures, herbage production, Lolium perenne, Phalaris aquatica, Trifolium ambiguum, Trifolium repens

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A comparison of six grasses for animal production

Proceedings of the New Zealand Grassland Association ◽

10.33584/jnzg.1992.54.2022 ◽

1992 ◽

pp. 147-150

Author(s):

D.R. Stevens ◽

G.S. Baxter ◽

M.J. Casey ◽

K.B. Miller ◽

R.J. Lucas

Keyword(s):

Lolium Perenne ◽

Tall Fescue ◽

Trifolium Repens ◽

Festuca Arundinacea ◽

Dactylis Glomerata ◽

Phleum Pratense ◽

Animal Production ◽

Research Centre ◽

Stocking Rate ◽

Prairie Grass

Farmers are aware of the increasing amount of information comparing alternative cultivars in dry environments in New Zealand. Animal production data in cool moist environments was unknown. To compare relative animal performance six different grasses were sown with Grasslands Tahora white clover (Trifolium repens L.) in 0.25 ha plots in two replicates in December 1988 at the Gore Research Centre in Southland. The six grasses were Grasslands Nui perennial ryegrass (Lolium perenne L.), Grasslands Roa tall fescue (Festuca arundinacea L)., Grasslands Kara cocksfoot (Dactylis glomerata L). Grasslands Matua prairie grass (Bromus willdenowii Ku&), Grasslands Hakari upland bmme (Bromus sitchensis), and Grasslands Kahu timothy (Phleum pratense L). These pastures were rotationally grazed with goats through spring and summer of the following two years; 2-weekly liveweight gain of 10 goats was recorded. Stocking rate was estimated from the addition of extra goats each week to achieve a residual pasture height of 100 mm. Spring liveweight gains (mid Sept-late Nov) were greatest on timothy and least on prairie grass. Stocking rate in spring was highest on the upland brome and tall fescue pastures and lowest for prairie grass and timothy pastures. Prairie grass pastures produced less total liveweight gain per ha than the other pastures. During summer, goat liveweight gains were ranked similarly to spring. Stocking rates were greatest on upland brome, and lowest on tall fescue. Total liveweight gain per ha in summer was greatest on the timothy pastures and least on prairie grass pastures. Keywords Bromus sitchensis, Bromus willdenowii, Dactylis glomerata, Festuca arundinacea, goats, Lolium perenne. liveweight gain, Phleum pratense, stocking rate, Trifolium repens

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EVALUATION OF TWENTY GRASS POPULATIONS AS IRRIGATED HAY CROPS FOR SOUTHWESTERN SASKATCHEWAN

Canadian Journal of Plant Science ◽

10.4141/cjps79-108 ◽

1979 ◽

Vol 59 (3) ◽

pp. 691-700 ◽

Cited By ~ 4

Author(s):

T. LAWRENCE ◽

F. G. WARDER

Keyword(s):

Organic Matter ◽

Festuca Arundinacea ◽

Dry Matter ◽

Poa Pratensis ◽

Organic Matter Content ◽

Dactylis Glomerata ◽

Matter Content ◽

Phleum Pratense ◽

N Content ◽

P Content

Twenty grass populations were evaluated for dry matter yield, N content, P content, organic matter content, organic matter digestibility and winterhardiness. Of these populations, Agropyron intermedium was most suitable for a hay crop on a well-drained irrigated soil. Agropyron trichophorum, Bromus inermis, and Phalaris arundinacea were lower-yielding alternatives that had a satisfactory N content and good digestibility. Elymus angustus shows promise as an irrigated hay crop and should be evaluated further. The usefulness of the following populations was limited by one or more of these factors: low yield (Y), low N content (N), low digestibility (D) and lack of winterhardiness (W): Dactylis glomerata ’Kay’ (Y,N,D), Dactylis glomerata ’Chinook’ (Y,N,W), Elymus sibiricus (Y), Festuca arundinacea ’Kenmont’ (Y,N,W), Festuca elatior ’Trader’ (Y,N), Phleum pratense (Y,N,D), Poa ampla ’Sherman’ (N,D), Poa bulbosa cv. P4874 (Y,N,D), and Poa pratensis (Y,N,D).

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Productivity and Quality of Diverse Ripe Pasture Grass Fodder Depends on the Method of Soil Cultivation

Acta Agrobotanica ◽

10.5586/aa.7334 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 73 (3) ◽

Author(s):

Uliana Karbivska ◽

Volodymyr Kurgak ◽

Valentyna Gamayunova ◽

Andrii Butenko ◽

Lesia Malynka ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Lolium Perenne ◽

Organic Matter Content ◽

Dactylis Glomerata ◽

Phleum Pratense ◽

Soil Tillage ◽

Grass Species ◽

Pasture Grass ◽

Soil Cultivation ◽

Different Depths

In this study, we investigated the influence of soil cultivation method on the productivity and quality of pasture grass fodder. We found that increasing the depth of cultivation from 8–10 cm to 20–22 cm (using surface tillage with disk implements) improved the productivity of all the grass species studied – Phleum pratense, Lolium perenne, Festuca orientalis, Dactylis glomerata, Bromus inermis, Phalaris arundinacea, Festuca rubra – by an average of 2%–3% at an LSD05 of 0.30 t ha−1, over a period of 3 years. On average, the most important factor influencing the production of 1 ha of dry mass appeared to be the species of grass, accounting for 57% of the variation. The depth of soil tillage was also important, accounting for 43% of the variation. Of all the species studied, the highest productivity was exhibited by Lolium perenne (0.35 t ha−1 of dry weight). Increasing the soil cultivation depth led to an increase in the content of crude protein and albumen (0.9%–1.1%). According to the analysis of organic matter content and digestibility of the fodder, across the different depths of soil cultivation, the early ripening species Dactylis glomerata, and the average ripening species Festuca orientalis, Lolium perenne, and Bromus inermis, performed best. Considering the different depths of soil cultivation, Lolium perenne [154 g; surface tillage (disking) 8–10 cm] and Festuca orientalis (152 g; ploughing 20–22 cm) provided the most fodder units with digestible protein.

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