6. The impact of technological change on inter-firm linkages: A case study of clustered rural small-scale roof tile enterprises in central Java

1994 ◽  
pp. 84-96 ◽  
Author(s):  
Henry Sandee
Keyword(s):  
Technological Change ◽  
Small Scale ◽  
Central Java ◽  
Roof Tile ◽  
The Impact

scholarly journals Numerical simulations of June 7, 2020 convective precipitation over Slovakia using deterministic, probabilistic, and convection-permitting approaches

Időjárás ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 125 (4) ◽  
pp. 571-607
Author(s):  
André Simon ◽  
Martin Belluš ◽  
Katarína Čatlošová ◽  
Mária Derková ◽  
Martin Dian ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Satellite Imagery ◽  
Weather Prediction ◽  
Severe Weather ◽  
Precipitation Forecast ◽  
Convective Precipitation ◽  
Small Scale ◽  
Limited Area ◽  
Systematic Effect ◽  
The Impact

The paper presented is dedicated to the evaluation of the influence of various improvements to the numerical weather prediction (NWP) systems exploited at the Slovak Hydrometeorological Institute (SHMÚ). The impact was illustrated in a case study with multicell thunderstorms and the results were confronted with the reference analyses from the INCA nowcasting system, regional radar reflectivity data, and METEOSAT satellite imagery. The convective cells evolution was diagnosed in non-hydrostatic dynamics experiments to study weak mesoscale vortices and updrafts. The growth of simulated clouds and evolution of the temperature at their top were compared with the brightness temperature analyzed from satellite imagery. The results obtained indicated the potential for modeling and diagnostics of small-scale structures within the convective cloudiness, which could be related to severe weather. Furthermore, the non-hydrostatic dynamics experiments related to the stability and performance improvement of the time scheme led to the formulation of a new approach to linear operator definition for semi-implicit scheme (in text referred as NHHY). We demonstrate that the execution efficiency has improved by more than 20%. The exploitation of several high resolution measurement types in data assimilation contributed to more precise position of predicted patterns and precipitation representation in the case study. The non-hydrostatic dynamics provided more detailed structures. On the other hand, the potential of a single deterministic forecast of prefrontal heavy precipitation was not as high as provided by the ensemble system. The prediction of a regional ensemble system A-LAEF (ALARO Limited Area Ensemble Forecast) enhanced the localization of precipitation patterns. Though, this was rather due to the simulation of uncertainty in the initial conditions and also because of the stochastic perturbation of physics tendencies. The various physical parameterization setups of A-LAEF members did not exhibit a systematic effect on precipitation forecast in the evaluated case. Moreover, the ensemble system allowed an estimation of uncertainty in a rapidly developing severe weather case, which was high even at very short range.

scholarly journals Noise assessment of the small-scale wind farm

2019 ◽  
Vol 112 ◽  
pp. 02011
Author(s):  
Cristian-Gabriel Alionte ◽  
Daniel-Constantin Comeaga
Keyword(s):  
Power Systems ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Wind Farm ◽  
Wind Farms ◽  
Small Scale ◽  
Large Power ◽  
Small Power ◽  
Noise Assessment ◽  
The Impact

The importance of renewable energy and especially of eolian systems is growing. For this reason, we propose the investigation of an important pollutant - the noise, which has become so important that European Commission and European Parliament introduced Directive 2002/49/CE relating to the assessment and management of environmental noise. So far, priority has been given to very large-scale systems connected to national energy systems, wind farms whose highly variable output power could be regulated by large power systems. Nowadays, with the development of small storage capacities, it is feasible to install small power wind turbines in cities of up to 10,000 inhabitants too. As a case study, we propose a simulation for a rural locality where individual wind units could be used. This specific case study is interesting because it provides a new perspective of the impact of noise on the quality of life when the use of this type of system is implemented on a large scale. This option, of distributed and small power wind turbine, can be implemented in the future as an alternative or an adding to the common systems.

A Case Study on the Impact of Moisture Variability on Convection Initiation Using Radar Refractivity Retrievals

2010 ◽  
Vol 49 (8) ◽  
pp. 1766-1778 ◽  
Author(s):  
D. Bodine ◽  
P. L. Heinselman ◽  
B. L. Cheong ◽  
R. D. Palmer ◽  
D. Michaud
Keyword(s):  
Inversion Layer ◽  
Small Scale ◽  
Low Level ◽  
Dewpoint Temperature ◽  
Observation Network ◽  
Convergence Zones ◽  
Convection Initiation ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Moisture Variability

Abstract A case study illustrating the impact of moisture variability on convection initiation in a synoptically active environment without strong moisture gradients is presented. The preconvective environment on 30 April 2007 nearly satisfied the three conditions for convection initiation: moisture, instability, and a low-level lifting mechanism. However, a sounding analysis showed that a low-level inversion layer and high LFC would prevent convection initiation because the convective updraft velocities required to overcome the convective inhibition (CIN) were much higher than updraft velocities typically observed in convergence zones. Radar refractivity retrievals from the Twin Lakes, Oklahoma (KTLX), Weather Surveillance Radar-1988 Doppler (WSR-88D) showed a moisture pool contributing up to a 2°C increase in dewpoint temperature where the initial storm-scale convergence was observed. The analysis of the storm-relative wind field revealed that the developing storm ingested the higher moisture associated with the moisture pool. Sounding analyses showed that the moisture pool reduced or nearly eliminated CIN, lowered the LFC by about 500 m, and increased CAPE by 2.5 times. Thus, these small-scale moisture changes increased the likelihood of convection initiation within the moisture pool by creating a more favorable thermodynamic environment. The results suggest that refractivity data could improve convection initiation forecasts by assessing moisture variability at finer scales than the current observation network.

scholarly journals An Exploration of The Key Issues and Challenges in Implementing Public-Private Partnerships: A Case Study of The Central Java Power Plant Project, Indonesia

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
◽  
Fikriyatul Falashifah
Keyword(s):  
Power Plant ◽  
Social Issues ◽  
Natural Capital ◽  
National Level ◽  
Public Private Partnerships ◽  
Alternative Mechanism ◽  
Sustainable Livelihood ◽  
Central Java ◽  
The Impact

<p>Over the last two decades, Indonesia began to implement Public-Private Partnerships (PPPs) to provide an alternative mechanism for providing public infrastructure. The need to accelerate development, fulfil national demands and address mounting fiscal constraints are the reasons behind choosing PPP approach. One of the infrastructure projects using PPP mechanisms in Indonesia is Central Java Power Plant (CJPP) project, which is claimed to be the largest power plant in Southeast Asia. The project bidding was won by three consortia including ITOCHU Corporation, Adaro Power and J-Power, while the Government of Indonesia provided a guarantee for this project through the Ministry of Finance (MoF) and the Indonesia Infrastructure Guarantee Fund (IIGF). The project is built under Build, Operate, Own, and Transfer (BOOT) PPP model.  In continuing academic research about PPP in general and CJPP in particular, this study was conducted with the aim of exploring critical issues and challenges in implementing PPPs in CJPP project. Three issues were chosen for particular examination, including governance, environment and social issues. This study was conducted by adopting a qualitative approach under a constructivist epistemology to gain meaning and knowledge from certain phenomena or specific circumstances, in this case, by using CJPP as a single case study. Document reviews, semi-structured interviews, and unstructured observation were carried out from July to September 2018 to gain information and perspectives from multilevel stakeholders who are in charge, involved in and were impacted by the implementation of PPP mechanism in CJPP. Stakeholder Analysis and Sustainable Livelihood Approach were taken as the framework for data analysis.  This study found that top-down approach applied to implementing PPP in CJPP project left some governance issues and dynamics about power relations and regulations; conflicting stakeholders’ interests; communication and knowledge gaps; and dualism perspectives for viewing the scheme. The Governments of Central Java and Batang Regency underwent difficulties in structuring and implementing Environmental and Social Impact Assessment (ESIA), or in Bahasa Indonesia known as AMDAL. Meanwhile, coal, the major resource that will be utilised in this project, faces issues surrounding its emissions, stock, and sustainability. Several issues regarding five forms of capital for sustainable livelihood – human capital, social capital, economic capital, natural capital and physical capital – also arose during the project period. These issues included differing perspectives and sentiments among the surrounding societies and economic inequalities, as well as cultural and migration issues.  It is hoped that this research can inform our understanding of PPP implementation, both in policy and in practice. Based on this study, PPP practice at the national level should standardise documents and processes as well as having project assistance. At the regional level, the local government must be more empowered regarding their roles, responsibilities and resource management. Moreover, the impact of PPP on environment and society should be more precisely predicted and managed.</p>

scholarly journals The Impact of Structural Reforms on Wages and Employment: The Case of Formal versus Informal Workers in Bolivia

2004 ◽  
pp. 91-122
Author(s):  
Julius Spatz
Keyword(s):  
Small Scale ◽  
Reform Process ◽  
Structural Reforms ◽  
Public Companies ◽  
Informal Workers ◽  
Transmission Mechanisms ◽  
Factor Markets ◽  
Set Up ◽  
The Impact

This paper seeks to contribute to the ongoing controversy on the distributional effects of structural reforms in developing countries. To this end, we set up a small-scale macroeconomic model of a dual economy to capture the transmission mechanisms through which the deregulation of product and factor markets, the liberalization of the trade and FDI regime, and the privatization of public companies impact on the distribution of employment and wages between the formal and the informal sector. We empirically test the implications of our theoretical model in a detailed case study on the structural reform process in Bolivia since 1985.

scholarly journals The impact of GPS and high-resolution radiosonde nudging on the simulation of heavy precipitation during HyMeX IOP6

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Alberto Caldas-Alvarez ◽  
Samiro Khodayar ◽  
Peter Knippertz
Keyword(s):  
High Resolution ◽  
Temporal Resolution ◽  
Hydrological Cycle ◽  
Weather Prediction ◽  
Heavy Precipitation ◽  
Convective Precipitation ◽  
Small Scale ◽  
High Temporal Resolution ◽  
The Impact

Abstract. Heavy precipitation is one of the most devastating weather extremes in the western Mediterranean region. Our capacity to prevent negative impacts from such extreme events requires advancements in numerical weather prediction, data assimilation and new observation techniques. In this paper we investigate the impact of two state-of-the-art data sets with very high resolution, Global Positioning System-Zenith Total Delays (GPS-ZTD) with a 10 min temporal resolution and radiosondes with ~700 levels, on the representation of convective precipitation in nudging experiments. Specifically, we investigate whether the high temporal resolution, quality, and coverage of GPS-ZTDs can outweigh their lack of vertical information or if radiosonde profiles are more valuable despite their scarce coverage and low temporal resolution (24 h to 6 h). The study focuses on the Intensive Observation Period 6 (IOP6) of the Hydrological Cycle in the Mediterranean eXperiment (HyMeX; 24 September 2012). This event is selected due to its severity (100 mm/12 h), the availability of observations for nudging and validation, and the large observation impact found in preliminary sensitivity experiments. We systematically compare simulations performed with the COnsortium for Small scale MOdelling (COSMO) model assimilating GPS, high- and low vertical resolution radiosoundings in model resolutions of 7 km, 2.8 km and 500 m. The results show that the additional GPS and radiosonde observations cannot compensate errors in the model dynamics and physics. In this regard the reference COSMO runs have an atmospheric moisture wet bias prior to precipitation onset but a negative bias in rainfall, indicative of deficiencies in the numerics and physics, unable to convert the moisture excess into sufficient precipitation. Nudging GPS and high-resolution soundings corrects atmospheric humidity, but even further reduces total precipitation. This case study also demonstrates the potential impact of individual observations in highly unstable environments. We show that assimilating a low-resolution sounding from Nimes (southern France) while precipitation is taking place induces a 40 % increase in precipitation during the subsequent three hours. This precipitation increase is brought about by the moistening of the 700  hPa level (7.5 g kg−1) upstream of the main precipitating systems, reducing the entrainment of dry air above the boundary layer. The moist layer was missed by GPS observations and high-resolution soundings alike, pointing to the importance of profile information and timing. However, assimilating GPS was beneficial for simulating the temporal evolution of precipitation. Finally, regarding the scale dependency, no resolution is particularly sensitive to a specific observation type, however the 2.8 km run has overall better scores, possibly as this is the optimally tuned operational version of COSMO. In follow-up experiments the Icosahedral Nonhydrostatic Model (ICON) will be investigated for this case study to assert whether its numerical and physics updates, compared to its predecessor COSMO, are able to improve the quality of the simulations.

scholarly journals Impact of coastal inundation on ecology and agricultural land use case study in central Java, Indonesia

2011 ◽  
Vol 30 (3) ◽  
pp. 19-32 ◽  
Author(s):  
Muh Marfai
Keyword(s):  
Land Use ◽  
Agricultural Land ◽  
Regional Scale ◽  
Agricultural Land Use ◽  
Use Case ◽  
Coastal Inundation ◽  
Central Java ◽  
Dry Farming ◽  
The Impact

Impact of coastal inundation on ecology and agricultural land use case study in central Java, Indonesia Focusing on the regional scale, this study provides information concerning the existing ecological problems associated with coastal inundation in the northern part of coastal area in Central Java Province, Indonesia. The objectives of this paper are to map the coastal inundation, to investigate the impact of coastal inundation on coastal environment and ecology, and to assess the impact of inundation on agricultural land use. An integration of techniques, namely neighborhood analysis, iteration operation, and superimposed analysis method has been applied to generate the digital map and to analyze the impact of inundation. Fieldwork measurement has been done using cross-profiling in order to observe the impact of inundation on the coastal ecosystem. Based on the scenario of 100 cm and 150 cm of inundation, the affected area is about 15 207.6 Ha and 16 687.31 Ha, respectively. Fishpond, dry farming and paddy field are the most affected agricultural areas due to coastal inundation.

scholarly journals Wind Resource Assessment and Economic Viability of Conventional and Unconventional Small Wind Turbines: A Case Study of Maryland

Energies ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 13 (22) ◽  
pp. 5874
Author(s):  
Navid Goudarzi ◽  
Kasra Mohammadi ◽  
Alexandra St. St. Pé ◽  
Ruben Delgado ◽  
Weidong Zhu
Keyword(s):  
Power Generation ◽  
Wind Speed ◽  
Wind Turbines ◽  
Payback Period ◽  
Small Scale ◽  
Small Wind Turbines ◽  
Mean Wind Speed ◽  
Wind Resource ◽  
The Impact

Annual mean wind speed distribution models for power generation based on regional wind resource maps are limited by spatial and temporal resolutions. These models, in general, do not consider the impact of local terrain and atmospheric circulations. In this study, long-term five-year wind data at three sites on the North, East, and West of the Baltimore metropolitan area, Maryland, USA are statistically analyzed. The Weibull probability density function was defined based on the observatory data. Despite seasonal and spatial variability in the wind resource, the annual mean wind speed for all sites is around 3 m/s, suggesting the region is not suitable for large-scale power generation. However, it does display a wind power capacity that might allow for non-grid connected small-scale wind turbine applications. Technical and economic performance evaluations of more than 150 conventional small-scale wind turbines showed that an annual capacity factor and electricity production of 11% and 1990 kWh, respectively, are achievable. It results in a payback period of 13 years. Government incentives can improve the economic feasibility and attractiveness of investments in small wind turbines. To reduce the payback period lower than 10 years, modern/unconventional wind harvesting technologies are found to be an appealing option in this region. Key contributions of this work are (1) highlighting the need for studying the urban physics rather than just the regional wind resource maps for wind development projects in the build-environment, (2) illustrating the implementation of this approach in a real case study of Maryland, and (3) utilizing techno-economic data to determine suitable wind harnessing solutions for the studied sites.

scholarly journals The impact of historic building toward regional sustainability: Case study Menara Kudus, Indonesia

2021 ◽  
Vol 878 (1) ◽  
pp. 012011
Author(s):  
A Anisa ◽  
F Lissimia
Keyword(s):  
Historic Buildings ◽  
Environmental Aspects ◽  
Surrounding Area ◽  
Second Stage ◽  
Central Java ◽  
Analysis Phase ◽  
Third Stage ◽  
Physical Setting ◽  
The Impact

Abstract Menara Kudus area marks the beginning of Kudus City, Central Java, Indonesia. The area is famous for its many historic buildings, including Menara Kudus, Al Aqsa Mosque, the traditional Kudus house, and Sunan Kudus tomb complex. Menara Kudus area is an area visited by pilgrims and tourists. In addition, there are many “pesantren” in the surrounding area that make this area never look deserted. Economic development thrives around the area but doesn’t necessarily change physical setting. This study was designed to describe the impact of historic buildings in Menara Kudus area on the sustainability of the surrounding area. The method used in this research is qualitative interpretive descriptive, which analyzes field data using 3 aspects of sustainability which is economic, social and environmental fields. The analysis phase is carried out through 3 stages. The first stage is the explanation and description of historic buildings around the Holy Tower. The second stage, discuss and describe the economic, social, and environmental aspects around the Menara Kudus. The third stage, interpretation to see the impact toward surrounding area. The results of this study show there are significant influence between historic buildings and the sustainability of the area, especially on the economic aspect. Crowds of pilgrims and tourists visiting the Menara Kudus area make economic activity in the surrounding area flourish. Likewise, with the presence of “santri” from outside the Kudus area which is in the vicinity of Menara Kudus. The existence of a institution that manages the Mosque, the Tomb, and Menara Kudus and the Kudus Cultural Heritage Team makes this area neatly arranged so that it supports the sustainability of the region.

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