scholarly journals The Impact of Structural Reforms on Wages and Employment: The Case of Formal versus Informal Workers in Bolivia

2004 ◽  
pp. 91-122
Author(s):  
Julius Spatz
Keyword(s):  
Small Scale ◽  
Reform Process ◽  
Structural Reforms ◽  
Public Companies ◽  
Informal Workers ◽  
Transmission Mechanisms ◽  
Factor Markets ◽  
Set Up ◽  
The Impact

This paper seeks to contribute to the ongoing controversy on the distributional effects of structural reforms in developing countries. To this end, we set up a small-scale macroeconomic model of a dual economy to capture the transmission mechanisms through which the deregulation of product and factor markets, the liberalization of the trade and FDI regime, and the privatization of public companies impact on the distribution of employment and wages between the formal and the informal sector. We empirically test the implications of our theoretical model in a detailed case study on the structural reform process in Bolivia since 1985.

scholarly journals Numerical simulations of June 7, 2020 convective precipitation over Slovakia using deterministic, probabilistic, and convection-permitting approaches

Időjárás ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 125 (4) ◽  
pp. 571-607
Author(s):  
André Simon ◽  
Martin Belluš ◽  
Katarína Čatlošová ◽  
Mária Derková ◽  
Martin Dian ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Satellite Imagery ◽  
Weather Prediction ◽  
Severe Weather ◽  
Precipitation Forecast ◽  
Convective Precipitation ◽  
Small Scale ◽  
Limited Area ◽  
Systematic Effect ◽  
The Impact

The paper presented is dedicated to the evaluation of the influence of various improvements to the numerical weather prediction (NWP) systems exploited at the Slovak Hydrometeorological Institute (SHMÚ). The impact was illustrated in a case study with multicell thunderstorms and the results were confronted with the reference analyses from the INCA nowcasting system, regional radar reflectivity data, and METEOSAT satellite imagery. The convective cells evolution was diagnosed in non-hydrostatic dynamics experiments to study weak mesoscale vortices and updrafts. The growth of simulated clouds and evolution of the temperature at their top were compared with the brightness temperature analyzed from satellite imagery. The results obtained indicated the potential for modeling and diagnostics of small-scale structures within the convective cloudiness, which could be related to severe weather. Furthermore, the non-hydrostatic dynamics experiments related to the stability and performance improvement of the time scheme led to the formulation of a new approach to linear operator definition for semi-implicit scheme (in text referred as NHHY). We demonstrate that the execution efficiency has improved by more than 20%. The exploitation of several high resolution measurement types in data assimilation contributed to more precise position of predicted patterns and precipitation representation in the case study. The non-hydrostatic dynamics provided more detailed structures. On the other hand, the potential of a single deterministic forecast of prefrontal heavy precipitation was not as high as provided by the ensemble system. The prediction of a regional ensemble system A-LAEF (ALARO Limited Area Ensemble Forecast) enhanced the localization of precipitation patterns. Though, this was rather due to the simulation of uncertainty in the initial conditions and also because of the stochastic perturbation of physics tendencies. The various physical parameterization setups of A-LAEF members did not exhibit a systematic effect on precipitation forecast in the evaluated case. Moreover, the ensemble system allowed an estimation of uncertainty in a rapidly developing severe weather case, which was high even at very short range.

Confronting the Contradictions: A Case Study of Early Childhood Teacher Development in Neoliberal Times

2009 ◽  
Vol 10 (3) ◽  
pp. 240-259 ◽  
Author(s):  
Christopher P. Brown
Keyword(s):  
Early Childhood ◽  
Teacher Development ◽  
Teacher Candidates ◽  
Teacher Educators ◽  
Early Learning ◽  
Early Childhood Teacher ◽  
Reform Process ◽  
Instrumental Case Study ◽  
The Impact

As neoliberal polices that emphasize governing the modern state through market-based principles expand across the globe, they are altering the training of early childhood teacher candidates. This creates a range of challenges for those teacher educators who are critical of this reform process. This article presents an instrumental case study that examined the impact of neoliberal education reforms on the development of a sample of early education teacher candidates. Analyzing this case of teacher development offers teacher educators the opportunity to consider the practical and critical steps they might take to better prepare their candidates for these reforms. Doing so will help teacher candidates develop early learning experiences for their children that teach them to become engaged democratic citizens rather than compliant consumers within the neoliberal state.

Leveraging the Cloud for Large-Scale Software Testing – A Case Study

2012 ◽  
pp. 252-279 ◽  
Author(s):  
Anjan Pakhira ◽  
Peter Andras
Keyword(s):  
Large Scale ◽  
Analysis Data ◽  
System Level ◽  
Small Scale ◽  
Test Cases ◽  
Software Life Cycle ◽  
Technical Issues ◽  
Wide Scale ◽  
Set Up

Testing is a critical phase in the software life-cycle. While small-scale component-wise testing is done routinely as part of development and maintenance of large-scale software, the system level testing of the whole software is much more problematic due to low level of coverage of potential usage scenarios by test cases and high costs associated with wide-scale testing of large software. Here, the authors investigate the use of cloud computing to facilitate the testing of large-scale software. They discuss the aspects of cloud-based testing and provide an example application of this. They describe the testing of the functional importance of methods of classes in the Google Chrome software. The methods that we test are predicted to be functionally important with respect to a functionality of the software. The authors use network analysis applied to dynamic analysis data generated by the software to make these predictions. They check the validity of these predictions by mutation testing of a large number of mutated variants of the Google Chrome. The chapter provides details of how to set up the testing process on the cloud and discusses relevant technical issues.

Buy the Book: Electronic Commerce in the Book Trade

1999 ◽  
Vol 14 (3) ◽  
pp. 295-301
Author(s):  
Claudia Loebbecke ◽  
Philip Powell ◽  
Carl Gallagher
Keyword(s):  
Electronic Commerce ◽  
Service Provision ◽  
Web Site ◽  
Electronic Publishing ◽  
Global Market ◽  
Internet Service ◽  
Set Up ◽  
Background Detail ◽  
The Impact

Exploitation of the World Wide Web (WWW) is a pipedream for many businesses, as they do not or cannot analyse their motives for having a web site. Many do not understand that there is more to a successful web site than having a corporate logo on a home page. They do not foresee the effort that goes into maintaining a web site, the increased competition from exposure to a ‘global market’ via the Internet and the impact a web site will have on the existing business. This case study allows analysis of the opportunities and risks of launching electronic commerce (EC) services in the case of the Co-op Bookshop, Australia's largest academic bookseller. The case describes Co-op's difficult progression to a profitable WWW presence and investigates potential developments due to growing competition from ‘global players’ and increasing amalgamation between bookselling over the WWW and electronic publishing. The case outlines the four possibilities by which a firm can profit from its Internet activities and transfers these general benefits to Internet service provision by bookstores. In particular, it directs attention to thinking of the core goals of the business, how a WWW presence helps to meet these goals and whether the introduction of a web site changes the direction of the business. This leads to a consideration of the nature of the web site. The case study allows exploration of the current customers and markets and why the firm focuses on these. Further, there are the issues of the resources required to set up and maintain a web site, how the site may be integrated into the existing business and its growth path. These issues are explored and modelled in the teaching notes and further background detail is given.

Investigation Of The Impact Of Networking Among Tenants In The Seda Limpopo Jewellery Incubator In South Africa

2014 ◽  
Vol 1 (1) ◽  
pp. 23-26
Author(s):  
Forbes Chiromo ◽  
Goodwell Muyengwa ◽  
Joseph Makuvaza
Keyword(s):  
South Africa ◽  
Limpopo Province ◽  
Raw Material ◽  
Small Scale ◽  
Metal Fabrication ◽  
The Government ◽  
Set Up ◽  
Training Programmes ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Structured Questionnaire

AbstractThis study investigates the extent to which tenants in a jewellery incubator in the Limpopo Province of South Africa network. Since 1994 SEDA has set up more than 31 incubation centres in furniture making, construction, chemicals, jewellery, ICT, metal fabrication, agriculture and small scale mining. This study was done through a survey conducted on tenants in the SEDA Limpopo Jewellery Incubator (SLJI). Information was obtained through a structured questionnaire. The study revealed how tenants benefit from networking around exhibitions and collective purchasing of raw material. Through the Incubator institutional mechanisms, the study explains how tenants share expertise, experiences, technology and resources. Unfortunately the tenants do not initiate the own networking programmes. They lose out on benefits associated with collective effort in other areas such as advertisements, lobbying the government for industrial stands, organising an newsletter, hiring of consultants, and organising joint training programmes. Lastly the study identified opportunities that the tenants could collectively exploit in order strengthen and sustain their businesses.

scholarly journals Noise assessment of the small-scale wind farm

2019 ◽  
Vol 112 ◽  
pp. 02011
Author(s):  
Cristian-Gabriel Alionte ◽  
Daniel-Constantin Comeaga
Keyword(s):  
Power Systems ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Wind Farm ◽  
Wind Farms ◽  
Small Scale ◽  
Large Power ◽  
Small Power ◽  
Noise Assessment ◽  
The Impact

The importance of renewable energy and especially of eolian systems is growing. For this reason, we propose the investigation of an important pollutant - the noise, which has become so important that European Commission and European Parliament introduced Directive 2002/49/CE relating to the assessment and management of environmental noise. So far, priority has been given to very large-scale systems connected to national energy systems, wind farms whose highly variable output power could be regulated by large power systems. Nowadays, with the development of small storage capacities, it is feasible to install small power wind turbines in cities of up to 10,000 inhabitants too. As a case study, we propose a simulation for a rural locality where individual wind units could be used. This specific case study is interesting because it provides a new perspective of the impact of noise on the quality of life when the use of this type of system is implemented on a large scale. This option, of distributed and small power wind turbine, can be implemented in the future as an alternative or an adding to the common systems.

Managing, tracking and evaluating coaching part 2: where could you be?

2015 ◽  
Vol 47 (2) ◽  
pp. 95-98 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kirsty Yates
Keyword(s):  
Return On Investment ◽  
Design Methodology ◽  
Evaluation Data ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Valuable Data ◽  
Easy Task ◽  
Set Up ◽  
Robust Process ◽  
The Impact

Purpose – The purpose of this paper is to offer a number of recommendations that will enable you to get your hands around the coaching that is taking place inside your organisation so that you can manage it better and, moreover, calculate the commercial and cultural returns your organisation is achieving from the coaching in light of research presented in the author's previous article. Design/methodology/approach – This research is based on a case study. Findings – Although not an easy task, it is possible to evaluate the impact of coaching and, in turn, calculate the return on investment (ROI). Key to doing this is that each relationship should be set up correctly; the coach should be fully qualified, experienced and in supervision and information regarding the volume, status and expenditure of each coaching contract must be kept up to date and, along with evaluation data for each contract, used to measure the impact of coaching to the organisation and to calculate the ROI. Originality/value – The case study included shows how coaching has been transformed in E.ON UK since outsourcing all aspects of its coaching, resulting in a clear and robust process generating valuable data on the impact of individual contracts and the programme as a whole, as well as an ROI.

The development of a laboratory drip rig for performing reproducible comparisons on different precipitation sensors by correcting for environmental conditions and rig set up

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ginger Frame ◽  
Erin Spencer
Keyword(s):  
Water Droplet ◽  
Terminal Velocity ◽  
Test Method ◽  
Small Scale ◽  
Rain Event ◽  
Test Scenario ◽  
Fall Velocity ◽  
Sensing Technology ◽  
Set Up ◽  
The Impact

<p>Assessing the accuracy of precipitation sensors can prove very challenging due to the lack of a universal test standard, stemming from difficulties in creating a controlled test scenario. We propose a refined method of testing that is highly reproducible and can be applied to any precipitation sensor regardless of sensing technology.</p><p>It is widely understood that two identical disdrometers mounted close together in a real rain event are not likely to report the same precipitation measurements due to the small scale spatial variation of rain. This makes it difficult to draw comparisons between sensors of the same type and even more difficult to compare rain sensors that have different sensing areas and use different sensing technologies. It is therefore desirable to simulate rainfall in the laboratory that is representative of real world conditions but this presents its own set of challenges, primarily in creating rain drops that travel at terminal velocity. This test method significantly reduces the impact of this issue.</p><p>This is particularly important for sensors such as optical, acoustic, radar or impact, where the calculations used to obtain rainfall accumulation and drop size distribution assume that the droplets are at terminal velocity. Even for sensors such as capacitive rain gauges and tipping buckets, where the velocity of fall is not directly related to the measurements, more valid conclusions can be drawn about the sensor’s ability to measure precipitation when the droplets imitate real rainfall as closely as possible.</p><p>Here, the development of a drip rig capable of creating raindrops of a controlled size is documented. The drip rig can be mounted at a known height and used to test a variety of different precipitation sensors. However, due to height restrictions in the laboratory, it is not possible to get larger raindrops to terminal velocity. Mounted at a height of 7.4m, drops above 2 mm in diameter do not reach 99% terminal velocity, and drops above 3 mm do not reach 95%. For this reason, corrections must be applied to the calculations. It is therefore essential to have an understanding of the change in fall velocity of a water droplet with fall distance.</p><p>This work documents the equations used to calculate drop velocity with fall distance for different drop masses. Temperature, humidity and air pressure define air density, which has a significant impact on the velocity of a falling water droplet. The effect of each of these environmental factors has been investigated in order to allow for further corrections. Performing these corrections greatly improves the validity and repeatability of the tests carried out on precipitation sensors.</p>

Who Won the “Wool War”?: A Case Study of Rural Product Marketing in China

1989 ◽  
Vol 118 ◽  
pp. 213-241 ◽  
Author(s):  
Andrew watson ◽  
Christopher Findlay ◽  
Du Yintang
Keyword(s):  
Economic Reform ◽  
Open Economy ◽  
Central Government ◽  
Reform Process ◽  
Economic Management ◽  
Strategic Goals ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Intensive Development

The absence of a systematic programme has been a distinctive feature of China's economic reform process. The Chinese did not set out to develop a step-by-step plan of reform to be phased in over a period of years. Instead they adopted a number of strategic goals, and in 1978 launched incremental and pragmatic changes aimed at realizing them. Essentially the strategy adopted had four main aspects: a shift from economic growth expressed mainly through statistical targets towards an emphasis on satisfying the consumption needs of the population; a change from extensive development based on new investment towards intensive development through greater efficiency; an acceptance of greater economic autonomy for producers, with a broader mix of methods of economic management and types of ownership; and the adoption of a much more open economy. The reforms adopted over the succeeding years have all been consistent with these objectives, but they have not been implemented through a carefully planned series of stages. Overall the process has been marked by different rates of reform across sectors, by occasional pauses and even retreats, and by problems generated by the interaction of the differing rates of reform. Enterprise managers, for example, have found that plan controls over their production or sales have disappeared at a faster rate than controls over their supply of inputs. Given the dual price system and the continuing role of the central government in the supply of strategic materials and energy, the impact of the uneven pace of change on managers’ behaviour has therefore been very complex.

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