Martineau, the Press and Jacksonian America

2020 ◽  
pp. 50-94
Author(s):  
Iain Crawford
Keyword(s):  
Print Culture ◽  
Critical Reception ◽  
Social Progress ◽  
American Democracy ◽  
Free Press ◽  
Regional Variations ◽  
The Press ◽  
The City ◽  
North And South

Chapter Two considers Martineau’s American visit, the ways in which the three books she wrote out of it depict the role of education and a free press in the formation of American democracy, and the critical reception they received on both sides of the Atlantic. By contrast with the dichotomous readings of a nation divided between North and South along the lines of slave-ownership that have been the norm in studies of her visit, this chapter argues that the American books offer a more nuanced analysis of a society whose regional variations are most fully understood in terms of the extent to which they either have developed or constrained the development of a free press and a print culture that facilitates the evolution and implementation of liberal ideals. It pays particular attention to Martineau’s representation of the western states and, above all, Cincinnati, which she portrays as an exemplar of economic and moral stadial progress and as a counter to Boston, for her the ‘city of cant’ and an unexpected bastion of resistance to liberal change. Finally, the chapter shows how Martineau returned home committed to finding ways in which her work could participate in and contribute to America’s continuing advance and, in particular, focused upon prospective roles for herself in supporting the interwoven causes of abolitionism and of women’s ability to become agents of social progress.

Comedy and the Athenian Ideal

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
David Konstan
Keyword(s):  
American Democracy ◽  
Intended Audience ◽  
The World ◽  
Hollywood Movies ◽  
Hellenistic World ◽  
City State ◽  
The City ◽  
New Comedy ◽  
A Performance

New Comedy was a Panhellenic phenomenon. It may be that a performance in Athens was still the acme of a comic playwright’s career, but Athens was no longer the exclusive venue of the genre. Yet Athens, or an idealized version of Athens, remained the setting or backdrop for New Comedy, whatever its provenance or intended audience. New Comedy was thus an important vehicle for the dissemination of the Athenian polis model throughout the Hellenistic world, and it was a factor in what has been termed ‘the great convergence’. The role of New Comedy in projecting an idealized image of the city-state may be compared to that of Hollywood movies in conveying a similarly romanticized, but not altogether false, conception of American democracy to populations around the world.

Press Performance, Human Rights, and Private Power as a Threat

2011 ◽  
Vol 5 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
C. Edwin Baker
Keyword(s):  
Human Rights ◽  
Legal Theory ◽  
Press Freedom ◽  
Magic Bullet ◽  
Market Failures ◽  
Free Press ◽  
Government Power ◽  
The Press ◽  
Private Power

The essay concerns the manner private power threatens the proper democratic role of the press or mass media. But first, Part I examines two preliminary conceptual matters involved in locating this discussion in the context of a conference on private power as a threat to human rights: 1) the relation of human rights to private power in general. This relation is complicated due to fact that human rights can themselves be seen as the assertion of private power against government or against collective power while, depending on how conceptualized, human rights can be improperly threatened by private power even while private power operates in a generally lawful manner; 2) involves the relation of press freedom and human rights. Here I argue that human rights are ill-conceived if offered as embodying any particular right in respect to the press—more specifically, I argue that a free press is not a human right—but argue instead that an ideal media order that is embodied in a broad conception of free press provides the soil in which human rights can flourish and the armor that offers them protection. Both government power and private power are necessary for and constitute threats to these supportive roles of a free press.Political-legal theory—or in constitutional democracies, possibly constitutional theory—should offer some guide to how the tightrope between government as threat and government as source of protection against private threats ought to be walked. That is, the goal is to find both proper limits on government power and proper empowerment of government to respond to private threats. Part II examines the variety of private threats to the proper role of the press. It focuses on two forms of threats: first, market failures that can be expected in relatively normal functioning of the market; second, problems related to the purposeful use of concentrated economic power. Responsive policies are multiple—no magic bullet but varying different governmental (as well as private) responses are appropriate. However, Part III illustrates this point by considering only two types of governmental policies, both of which I have recently been involved in advocating: first, government promotion of dispersal of concentrated power by means of ownership rules and policies; second, tax subsidies in the form of tax credits for a significant portion of journalists salaries as a means to correct for underproduction of journalism on theory that this journalism generally produces significant positive externalities.

scholarly journals Urban Regeneration Projects Bound to Water, along and towards the Tagus Estuary (Portugal)

2019 ◽  
Vol 11 (23) ◽  
pp. 6578
Author(s):  
Caterina Anastasia
Keyword(s):  
Public Space ◽  
Urban Regeneration ◽  
Tagus Estuary ◽  
Open Spaces ◽  
The North ◽  
Surrounding Areas ◽  
The City ◽  
North And South ◽  
Hydrographic Network

Water is becoming a support for landscape and urban projects in a densely urbanised area settled along the Tagus Estuary, dubbed the City of the Tagus Estuary (CTE). Analysing two recent projects along and towards the Tagus Estuary hydrographic network, this article highlights how the most evident limit (the water) can function as the strongest binder, natural link, and shared public space of the CTE. Located, respectively, on the north and south banks of the estuary, the analysed projects become a way to think about urban strategies and promotions that use water as a way to build (re-build or reformulate) the image of the Lisbon Metropolitan Area. Today, open spaces bound to waterlines support an appealing and winning urban regeneration formula. Our goal is to understand what kind of role water is called to play with regard to the CTE. We ask: is the water called to play merely the role of building a new image of the city as a ground for investors? Is water the way to build a green and habitable CTE? This article concludes that the analysed projects contribute (as expected) to the promotion of the surrounding areas and propose appropriate solutions while occasionally overcoming the current local urban planning.

Fighting for Total Person Unionism

2015 ◽  
Author(s):  
Robert Bussel
Keyword(s):  
Civil Rights ◽  
Civil Rights Movement ◽  
Union Leader ◽  
Urban Revitalization ◽  
American Democracy ◽  
Political Landscape ◽  
Post Industrial ◽  
Labor Leaders ◽  
The City

During the 1950s and 1960s, labor leaders Harold Gibbons and Ernest Calloway championed a new kind of labor movement that regarded workers as “total persons” interested in both workplace affairs and the exercise of effective citizenship in their communities. Working through Teamsters Local 688 and viewing the city of St. Louis as their laboratory, this remarkable interracial duo forged a dynamic political alliance that placed their “citizen members” on the front lines of epic battles for urban revitalization, improved public services, and the advancement of racial and economic justice. Parallel to their political partnership, Gibbons functioned as a top Teamsters Union leader and Calloway as an influential figure in St. Louis's civil rights movement. Their pioneering efforts not only altered St. Louis's social and political landscape but also raised fundamental questions about the fate of the post-industrial city, the meaning of citizenship, and the role of unions in shaping American democracy.

‘The display of woman’s naked mind to the gaze of the world’: Harriet Martineau and the Press, 1830–1834

2020 ◽  
pp. 29-49
Author(s):  
Iain Crawford
Keyword(s):  
Public Discourse ◽  
Adam Smith ◽  
Universal Access ◽  
Social Progress ◽  
Access To Education ◽  
Harriet Martineau ◽  
The Gaze ◽  
The Press

Chapter 1 connects Martineau’s early writing for and about the press with the intellectual legacy she derived from Enlightenment thought. Specifically, it explores her modification of the stadial theory of social progress that she derived from Adam Smith as she blended elements from Smith’s work on moral sympathy with Schiller’s writing on aesthetics and the formation of a community of taste. After showing how both Smith and Schiller contributed to her understanding of the crucial role of public discourse as an essential agent of social progress, the chapter moves to examine her advocacy for the press in the years immediately before she traveled to America. Martineau’s own journalism in the early 1830s makes a popularized version of the argument that was simultaneously being developed in the elite reviews, emphasizing a vital connection between the promotion of universal access to education and the removal of the ‘taxes upon knowledge’ that inhibited the free circulation of information and ideas. Martineau’s distinctive contribution to that argument, however, appears in two articles on Sir Walter Scott that she published shortly after his death in 1833, and the chapter concludes by arguing for a new reading of these essays as a combined statement of the essential need to write women into the narrative of history and a claim for her own authority to undertake such work.

My brief for Ghana radio

1984 ◽  
Vol 13 (1) ◽  
pp. 29-30
Author(s):  
Kwame Karikari
Keyword(s):  
Free Press ◽  
The Press ◽  
The Government

The Acting Head of the Ghana Broadcasting Corporation explains the role of radio and answers charges that the government of Jerry Rawlings has tried to ‘muzzle’ the press This interview was given on 4 July 1983, during a short visit to London. Later that month, journalists working on the Free Press newspaper were arrested and detained, and the paper has not been published since.

scholarly journals Seúl y el Río Han: 1945-2014

2015 ◽  
pp. 59
Author(s):  
Eunmi Kim
Keyword(s):  
Urban Morphology ◽  
Historic Center ◽  
Han River ◽  
The North ◽  
Area Of Influence ◽  
Del Rio ◽  
Urban Strategy ◽  
The City ◽  
North And South

ResumenEste artículo contribuye al entendimiento de la evolución de la ciudad de Seúl en torno al Río Han a través del análisis cruzado de su morfología urbana en relación a la situación política y económica, la estrategia urbana y el papel de los planes urbanísticos, así como de las grandes operaciones urbanísticas, en torno al río Han, tanto en los crecimientos de su orilla sur (Gang-Nam), como la transformación del centro histórico en el norte. El río Han y sus alrededores reflejan el gran cambio de la morfología de Seúl a través de su historia, en la que la relación entre la ciudad de Seúl y el río ha tenido un papel muy importante en la evolución urbana, pasando de ser un área exterior a la zona de influencia de la antigua capital, a convertirse en su centro geográfico con la extensión de la ciudad moderna al sur del río, influenciada por la situación de conflicto existente entre las dos Coreas, y derivando en un gran desequilibrio entre el Norte y el Sur de la ciudad.Palabras claveSeúl, Río Han, evolución, morfología, extensión al sur del río, desequilibrio entre norte y sur del ríoAbstractThis article contributes to the understanding of the evolution of Seoul city around the Han River through cross analysis of their urban morphology in relation to the political and economic situation, the urban strategy and the role of urban planning, as well as the great urban operations around the Han River, in the growth of its southern shore (Gang-Nam) and the transformation of the historic center in the north. The Han River and its surroundings reflect the great change in the morphology of Seoul through its history, in which the relationship between the city of Seoul and the river has played an important role in urban development, from being an area outside the area of influence of the former capital, to a geographical center to the extension of the modern city south of the river, influenced by the situation of conflict between the two Koreas, and resulting in a disequilibrium between the North and south of the city. KeywordsSeoul, Han River, evolution, morphology, extension of the south of the river, disequilibrium between the North and south of the city

scholarly journals Primera memoria escrita y primeros lectores en Pereira (Risaralda, Colombia) a comienzos del siglo XX: el ingreso a la vida moderna

2014 ◽  
Vol 6 (12) ◽  
pp. 203-236
Author(s):  
Rigoberto Gil Montoya
Keyword(s):  
Twentieth Century ◽  
Present Article ◽  
20Th Century ◽  
Social Dynamics ◽  
Printing Press ◽  
Local Administration ◽  
The Press ◽  
Siglo Xx ◽  
The City

El presente artículo indaga por la producción, contenido y circulación de algunos de los primeros periódicos publicados en Pereira (Risaralda, Colombia) en las dos primeras décadas del siglo XX, con el fin de rastrear en ellos las imágenes iniciales de ciudad y la forma como opera el discurso de la prensa en la composición de unos roles sociales. Así, se destaca el papel del periodista frente a la administración local y la sutil emergencia de unos actores modernos: el suscriptor, como receptor comprometido con la circulación de unos impresos, y el lector, como el usuario que empieza a hacer uso de las primeras bibliotecas locales. Aquí se pregunta por la primera memoria escrita que se teje en la ciudad y por sus implicaciones en la construcción de una dinámica social, donde el registro periodístico contempla un proceso histórico, convirtiéndose en documento esencial para comprender una noción de vida en comunidad, a propósito de los procesos de modernización que tempranamente asumió Pereira en el siglo XX, en una época en que, en términos administrativos, estaba adscrita al llamado Gran Caldas.First Readers Written and First Memory Pereira (Risaralda, Colombia) in the Early Twentieth Century: Entry into Modern LifeAbstractThe present article enquires into the production, content, and circulation of some of the first journals published in Pereira (Risaralda, Colombia) in the first two decades of the 20th Century, with the aim of tracking in them the initial images of the city, and the way the press discourse operates in the composition of some social roles. Thus, we highlight the role of the journalist in front of the local administration, and the subtle emergence of some modern actors: the subscriber, as a receptor committed with the circulation of printed material, and the reader, as the user who begins to make use of the first local libraries. Two questions emerge concerning the first written memories interwoven in the city, and the implications in the construction of a social dynamics, where the journalistic register implies a historic process which then turns into a document of primary importance for the understanding of a notion of life in community, with regard to the processes of modernization early assumed by Pereira in the 2oth century, in a period in which, in administrative terms, the city was ascribed to the Great Caldas. Keywords: local press, subscriber, printing press, reader, journalism, Pereira

scholarly journals Newspapers in the media-communication system of million cities. Content analytical study

2020 ◽  
Vol 26 (4) ◽  
pp. 118-141
Author(s):  
G. V. Denissova ◽  
L. G. Svitich ◽  
O. V. Smirnova ◽  
M. V. Shkondin ◽  
T. V. Yakovleva
Keyword(s):  
Analytical Study ◽  
Media Communication ◽  
Media System ◽  
Sociocultural Perspectives ◽  
The Press ◽  
Research Concept ◽  
The Media ◽  
High Level ◽  
The City

In the article the media structure of Russian cities with over one million people is analyzed. Special attention is paid to the content analysis of city newspapers. The study was carried out in correlation between particularities and development conditions of megacities and media system. Statistics on the composition of population, economic, environmental, industrial, transport and other infrastructure indicators were taken in account. The research concept was based on modern approaches to urbanism and sociology of the city, taken as a complex of territorial, managerial, economic, socio-demographic and sociocultural perspectives. Informational and communicative components in the functioning of a modern city, especially a large one, were considered to be especially important. The study has analyzed the content and communicative peculiarities of city newspapers in 13 million-plus cities (excluding Moscow and St. Petersburg).The results of the study showed that the system and content structure of the press in million-plus cities corresponds to the role of megacities in the life of the country. It reflects the functional and infrastructural features of such cities, although some areas of life and problems (economic, environmental and social) are not sufficiently represented by newspapers. In general, newspapers are aimed to serve the leisure function, following the commercial paradigm of communication in general. Although there is reason to say that the structure of the content reflects not only the objective needs of the audience, but rather its interests. Newspapers tend to entertain rather than draw attention to solving important problems. At the same time, the possibilities of professional journalism, which has significant resources not only to keep readers' attention, but to maintain a high level of urban communication, solve urgent problems of the population and the primary tasks, megacities are facing as drivers in the implementation of national projects, are underestimated.

PROBLEMS OF STRAY ANIMALS IN NOVOSIBIRSK

2020 ◽  
Vol 4 (2) ◽  
pp. 85-91
Author(s):  
Elena E. Rinchinova ◽  
Diyara A. Takumova ◽  
Irina I. Bochkareva
Keyword(s):  
Urban Population ◽  
Domestic Animals ◽  
Legal Documents ◽  
Quantitative Indicators ◽  
The City

The article discusses main issues of organizing activities for the treatment of stray and street animals in the city of Novosibirsk. The important role of successful solving the problem of stray animals in ensuring environmental comfort and safety of the urban population is noted. Definitions of the concepts “stray animals” and “street animals” are given, the differences between them are emphasized. The main regulatory and legal documents governing the handling of stray and street animals are listed. The ways in which domestic animals get into a stray state are described briefly. The results of the collection and analysis of information on the activities of shelters for stray animals in Novosibirsk are described. The information on the quantitative indicators of the shelters are given. Conclusions on how to solve the problem of stray animals, relying on the latest regulations are drawn.

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