Protestant Revivals in China with Particular Reference to Shandong Province

2012 ◽  
Vol 18 (3) ◽  
pp. 213-236 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. G. Tiedemann
Keyword(s):  
Large Scale ◽  
Shandong Province ◽  
Western World ◽  
Full Time ◽  
Regular Feature ◽  
Speaking In Tongues ◽  
Mainline Denominations ◽  
Independent Churches ◽  
Revival Movements ◽  
Religious Revivals

Revivals have been a regular feature of the missionary enterprise. The modern Catholic and Protestant missionary movements themselves emerged from major religious revivals in the Western world. On the nineteenth-century China mission fields, Protestant missionaries from the mainline denominations frequently lamented the fact that their often nominal convert communities were lacking in Christian spirit and called for reinvigoration campaigns. It was, however, in the twentieth century that several large-scale revival movements occurred, starting with the ‘Manchurian revival’ of 1907–8 and culminating in the great ‘Shandong revival’ of the 1930s. The years after 1908 saw the rise of Chinese ― as well as some foreign ― full-time revivalists engaging in evangelistic efforts to reach the native Christian as well as non-Christian populations. The Canadian Presbyterian Jonathan Goforth (1859–1936) and the Shandong evangelist Ding Limei (1871–1936) are the most prominent representatives of the early campaigns of Christian renewal. In the 1920s, in spite of the fundamentalist/modernist controversy and anti-Christian agitation by nationalist and revolutionary forces in China, revivalism actually intensified. The principal focus of this paper will be on the new currents of spiritual regeneration that came with the proliferation of mostly small and sectarian missions of Holiness or Pentecostal provenance. Pentecostal ideas, in particular, contributed to the growth of Chinese independent churches and the wave of revivalism that swept across parts of China in the early 1930s. Such ‘gifts of the spirit’ as prophecy, divine healing and speaking in tongues, as well as a strong pre-millenarian belief, energised many of the more radical indigenous revivalists at this time. Other well-known Chinese evangelists had been influenced by the Holiness movement or Plymouth Brethren ideas. The Chinese dimension, especially in the context of Shandong province, is receiving particular attention in this paper.

scholarly journals Regional trends and associated factors of childhood visual impairment: a case study in Shandong province, China

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lizhen HAN ◽  
Jinzhu Jia ◽  
Lu Wang
Keyword(s):  
Visual Impairment ◽  
Associated Factors ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Multinomial Logistic Regression ◽  
Shandong Province ◽  
High Rate ◽  
Full Time ◽  
Hotspot Analysis ◽  
Related Factors ◽  
Cross Sectional

Abstract Background Visual impairment is a common child health problem. We hopes to analyze the regional trend, related factors and spatial distribution of children's visual impairment in Shandong province, to explore the spatial changes brought by time and their influencing factors, so as to provide scientific basis for prevention of childhood visual impairment. Methods This study covers 5 complete cross-sectional surveys (Physical examination data in Shandong province) from 2013 to 2017, involving about 29.24 million students. The 11th International Classification of Diseases was selected as the diagnostic standard. Spatial autocorrelation and hotspot analysis methods in ArcGIS software were used to analyze spatial features. The associated factors were analyzed by multinomial logistic regression. Results The visual impairment prevalence showed a trend of decreasing first and then increasing from 2013–2017, with slight changes. In terms of regional spatial differences, Weihai and Yantai have the highest VI rates in all years, and there was a large-scale spatial aggregation phenomenon. The southern low-value clusters, however, showed a weakening year by year. Further exploration revealed that the per capita disposable income of rural households, the growth rate of gross domestic product, total retail sales of consumer goods and number of full-time teachers were verified as risk factors for regional visual impairment levels. Conclusions The slight rebound of the prevalence of visual impairment and the high rate in the eastern and northern regions of Shandong province need more attention. It is suggested that relevant departments should focus on the influence of regional economic and educational factors when formulating relevant strategies.

scholarly journals Regional trends and associated factors of childhood visual impairment: a case study in Shandong province, China

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lizhen Han ◽  
Jinzhu Jia ◽  
Lu Wang
Keyword(s):  
Visual Impairment ◽  
Associated Factors ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Multinomial Logistic Regression ◽  
Scientific Basis ◽  
Shandong Province ◽  
High Rate ◽  
Full Time ◽  
Hotspot Analysis ◽  
Cross Sectional

Abstract Background: We analyze regional factors and spatial distribution of children's visual impairment in Shandong province, to explore the spatial changes brought by time and their influencing factors, so as to provide scientific basis for prevention of childhood visual impairment.Methods: This study covers five complete cross-sectional surveys from 2013-2017, involving about 29.24 million students. Spatial autocorrelation and hotspot analysis methods were used to analyze spatial features. The associated factors were analyzed by multinomial logistic regression.Results: The visual impairment prevalence showed a trend of decreasing first and then increasing from 2013-2017, with slight changes. In terms of regional spatial differences, Weihai and Yantai have the highest VI rates in all years, and there was a large-scale spatial aggregation phenomenon. The southern low-value clusters, however, showed a weakening year by year. Further exploration revealed that economic factors and number of full-time teachers were verified as risk factors for regional visual impairment levels.Conclusions: The slight rebound of the prevalence of visual impairment and the high rate in the eastern and northern regions of Shandong province need more attention. It is suggested that relevant departments should focus on the influence of regional economic and educational factors when formulating relevant strategies.

scholarly journals Regional Trends and Associated Factors of Childhood Visual Impairment: A Case Study in Shandong Province, China

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lizhen Han ◽  
Jinzhu Jia ◽  
Lu Wang
Keyword(s):  
Visual Impairment ◽  
Associated Factors ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Multinomial Logistic Regression ◽  
Shandong Province ◽  
High Rate ◽  
Full Time ◽  
Hotspot Analysis ◽  
Related Factors ◽  
Cross Sectional

Abstract Background: Visual impairment is a common child health problem. We hopes to analyze the regional trend, related factors and spatial distribution of children's visual impairment in Shandong province, to explore the spatial changes brought by time and their influencing factors, so as to provide scientific basis for prevention of childhood visual impairment.Methods: This study covers five complete cross-sectional surveys (Physical examination data in Shandong province) from 2013 to 2017, involving about 29.24 million students. The 11th International Classification of Diseases was selected as the diagnostic standard. Spatial autocorrelation and hotspot analysis methods in ArcGIS software were used to analyze spatial features. The associated factors were analyzed by multinomial logistic regression.Results: The visual impairment prevalence showed a trend of decreasing first and then increasing from 2013-2017, with slight changes. In terms of regional spatial differences, Weihai and Yantai have the highest VI rates in all years, and there was a large-scale spatial aggregation phenomenon. The southern low-value clusters, however, showed a weakening year by year. Further exploration revealed that the per capita disposable income of rural households, the growth rate of gross domestic product, total retail sales of consumer goods and number of full-time teachers were verified as risk factors for regional visual impairment levels.Conclusions: The slight rebound of the prevalence of visual impairment and the high rate in the eastern and northern regions of Shandong province need more attention. It is suggested that relevant departments should focus on the influence of regional economic and educational factors when formulating relevant strategies.

scholarly journals Economic and educational factors played roles in the development of regional vision impairment in Shandong province, China

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Lizhen Han ◽  
Jinzhu Jia ◽  
Lu Wang
Keyword(s):  
Large Scale ◽  
Multinomial Logistic Regression ◽  
Scientific Basis ◽  
Shandong Province ◽  
Vision Impairment ◽  
High Rate ◽  
Full Time ◽  
Hotspot Analysis ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Educational Factors

AbstractWe analyze regional factors and spatial distribution of children's vision impairment in Shandong province, to explore the spatial changes brought by time and their influencing factors, so as to provide scientific basis for prevention of childhood vision impairment. This study covers five complete cross-sectional surveys from 2013 to 2017, involving about 29.24 million students. Spatial autocorrelation and hotspot analysis methods were used to analyze spatial features. The associated factors were analyzed by multinomial logistic regression. The vision impairment prevalence showed a trend of decreasing first and then increasing from 2013 to 2017, with slight changes. In terms of regional spatial differences, Weihai and Yantai have the highest VI rates in all years, and there was a large-scale spatial aggregation phenomenon. The southern low-value clusters, however, showed a trend of weakening from year to year. Further exploration revealed that economic factors and number of full-time teachers were verified as risk factors for regional vision impairment levels. The slight rebound of the prevalence of vision impairment and the high rate in the eastern and northern regions of Shandong province need more attention. It is suggested that relevant departments should focus on the influence of regional economic and educational factors when formulating relevant strategies.

Ronald Holroyd, 1904 - 1973

1974 ◽  
Vol 20 ◽  
pp. 235-245
Keyword(s):  
Middle East ◽  
Liquid Fuel ◽  
Alternative Fuel ◽  
Energy Crisis ◽  
Western World ◽  
Full Time ◽  
Technical School ◽  
Technical Drawing ◽  
Sporting Goods ◽  
Outstanding Work

It was a tragic irony of fate that Ronald Holroyd should have died on 29 September 1973, just on the eve of the energy crisis which suddenly and dramatically focused the attention of the Western World on the urgency of finding an alternative fuel to Middle East oil, which had almost overnight become scarce and expensive. For the outstanding work of Holroyd s career, before and during the last war, was in attempting to provide a liquid fuel based on coal, and, apart from a wartime success when availability was the paramount consideration, these attempts failed largely because Middle East oil was plentiful and cheap. Ronald Holroyd was born at Horbury, near Wakefield, on 26 April 1904, the son of Sykes and Florence Holroyd. His father started work as a boy of eleven at the firm of Sykes Bros, sporting goods’ manufacturers at Horbury, and attended evening classes at Wakefield where he proved to be a first class student and was subsequently invited to teach in the evenings. This work increased and as a result he was invited to join the full time staff of the Miming and Technical School at Barnsley, where he taught mathematics, mechanics and technical drawing. He had a quick and lively mind which remained with him until he died, a few years ago, at the age of 92, still absorbed in mathematics. Florence Holroyd, his wife, was a teacher and there is no doubt that Ronald Holroyd owed a great deal to their deep interest in educational matters, and to their encouragement in his formative years.

The Effects of Part-Time Work on Women's Occupational Mobility in Britain: Evidence from the 1958 Birth Cohort Study

2012 ◽  
Vol 222 ◽  
pp. R20-R37 ◽  
Author(s):  
Shirley Dex ◽  
Erzsébet Bukodi
Keyword(s):  
Cohort Study ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Occupational Mobility ◽  
Birth Cohort Study ◽  
Full Time ◽  
Downward Mobility ◽  
Time Work ◽  
Part Time ◽  
Nationally Representative ◽  
Part Time Work

The effects of working part time on job downgrading and upgrading are examined over the life course of British women born in 1958. We use longitudinal data with complete work histories from a large-scale nationally representative cohort study. Occupations were ranked by their hourly average earnings. Analyses show a strong link between full-time/part-time transitions and downward and upward occupational mobility over the course of up to thirty years of employment. Probabilities of occupational mobility were affected by women's personal traits, occupational characteristics and demand-side factors. Downward mobility on moving from full-time to part-time work was more likely for women at the top levels of the occupational hierarchy working in male-dominated or mixed occupations and less likely in higher occupations with more part-time jobs available.

Modeling of a large-scale wastewater treatment plant for efficient operation

2004 ◽  
Vol 50 (7) ◽  
pp. 123-130 ◽  
Author(s):  
C.F. Gokcay ◽  
G. Sin
Keyword(s):  
Wastewater Treatment ◽  
Dynamic Simulation ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Treatment Plant ◽  
Quality Standards ◽  
Western World ◽  
Efficient Operation ◽  
Effluent Quality ◽  
Conventional Activated Sludge ◽  
Physical Chemical

Environmental legislations in the Western world impose stringent effluent quality standards for ultimate protection of the environment. This is also observed in Turkey. The current paper presents efforts made to simulate an existing 0.77 million m3/day conventional activated sludge plant located at Ankara, AWTP. The ASM1 model was used for simulation in this study. The model contains numerous stoichiometric and kinetic parameters, some of which need to be determined on case by case bases. The easily degradable COD (SS) was determined by two methods, physical-chemical and respirometric methods, namely. The latter method was deemed unreliable and rejected in the further study. Dynamic simulation with SSSP program predicted effluent COD and MLSS values successfully while overestimating OUR. A complete fit could only be obtained by introducing a dimensionless correction factor (ηO2 = 0.58) to the oxygen term in ASM1.

scholarly journals Shipboard Union Representation in the British Merchant Navy

1970 ◽  
Vol 15 (1) ◽  
pp. 1-18 ◽  
Author(s):  
James Macfarlane
Keyword(s):  
Large Scale ◽  
Great Majority ◽  
Shop Floor ◽  
Full Time ◽  
Industrial Workers ◽  
British Industry ◽  
Managerial Authority ◽  
Union Representation ◽  
Countervailing Power ◽  
Penal Sanctions

Shop stewards, or other forms of workshop representation, are a common feature of British industry. It is not known for certain how many such shop floor representatives are active; estimates vary between 90,000 and 200.000, “the truth is probably somewhere between these two figures”. What is certain, however, is that the great majority of industrial workers, particularly in large-scale industry, have recourse to lay trade union representation for the settlement of shop floor grievances. Often such representatives are “the union” for the ordinary workman who does not come into contact with full-time union officers. “For the great majority of British trade unionists the workplace representative is their only direct personal link with their union.” He also provides a front-line defence against the arbitrary use of authority by management. If no shop steward existed, managerial authority, unchecked by the countervailing power of shop floor representatives, would be open to abuse. If such managerial authority was also supported by a system of legal powers which further strengthened its position, it would make possible “the use of penal sanctions to compel acceptance of working conditions which free agents would not endure”. Such was the case in the British Merchant Navy until less than five years ago.

scholarly journals Workforce experience of the implementation of an advanced clinical practice framework in England: a mixed methods evaluation

2020 ◽  
Vol 18 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Jessica Lawler ◽  
Katrina Maclaine ◽  
Alison Leary
Keyword(s):  
Clinical Practice ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Medical Model ◽  
Free Text ◽  
Advanced Practice ◽  
Full Time ◽  
Mixed Methods Evaluation ◽  
Future Direction ◽  
The Right ◽  
Practice Framework

Abstract Background This study aims to understand how the implementation of the advanced clinical practice framework in England (2017) was experienced by the workforce to check assumptions for a national workforce modelling project. The advanced clinical practice framework was introduced in England in 2017 by Health Education England to clarify the role of advanced practice in the National Health Service. Methods As part of a large-scale workforce modelling project, a self-completed questionnaire was distributed via the Association of Advanced Practice Educators UK aimed at those studying to be an Advanced Clinical Practitioner or who are practicing at this level in order to check assumptions. Semi-structured phone interviews were carried out with this same group. Questionnaires were summarised using descriptive statistics in Excel for categorical responses and interviews and survey free-text were analysed using thematic analysis in NVivo 10. Results The questionnaire received over 500 respondents (ten times that expected) and 15 interviews were carried out. Advanced clinical practice was considered by many respondents the only viable clinical career progression. Respondents felt that employers were not clear about what practicing at this level involved or its future direction. 54% (287) thought that ‘ACP’ was the right job title for them. 19% (98) of respondents wanted their origin registered profession to be included in their title. Balancing advanced clinical practice education concurrently with a full-time role was challenging, participants underestimated the workload and expectations of employer’s training. There is an apparent dichotomy that has developed from the implementation of the 2017 framework: that of advanced clinical practice as an advanced level of practice within a profession, and that of Advanced Clinical Practitioner as a new generic role in the medical model. Conclusions Efforts to establish further clarity and structure around advanced clinical practice are needed for both the individuals practising at this level and their employers. A robust evaluation of the introduction of this role should take place.

scholarly journals Tinjauan Skala Ukuran Perusahaan terhadap Perilaku Entrepreneurial Marketing serta kaitanya dengan Dominasi Dimensi Opportunity dan Growth Orientation

2019 ◽  
Vol 4 (2) ◽  
pp. 93-104 ◽  
Author(s):  
Christina Whidya Utami ◽  
Hendro Susanto
Keyword(s):  
Large Scale ◽  
National Sample ◽  
Business Owners ◽  
Small Scale ◽  
Full Time ◽  
Small Companies ◽  
Snowball Sampling ◽  
Dominant Dimension ◽  
Entrepreneurial Marketing ◽  
Growth Orientation

This study aims to bridge the gap in the literature by examining the dimensions of Growth Orientation, Opportunity Orientation, Total customer focus dimensions, Value creation Networking, Informal Market Analysis, Closness to The Market on large and small company scale related to Entrepreneurial Marketing (EM) behavior. Thus the objectives to be developed in this study are: analyze how EM behavior in small companies compared to large companies? The dimensions of whether in entrepreneurial marketing are dominant in the context of small and large scale companies. The questionnaire was aimed at a national sample of 406 business owners in Indonesia, spread in 8 provinces. Small companies are defined as companies that employ at least 9 fewer full-time employees other than their owners, while large companies are companies that employ more than 9 full-time employees other than their owners. Snowball sampling is used to determine the selected respondent. The results showed that there are differences in entrepreneurial marketing behavior between large companies and small companies, where small scale companies have lower entrepreneurial marketing behavior compared to large scale companies. For small scale companies, it shows that opportunity orientation is the most dominant dimension, whereas in large scale companies it shows that growth orientation is the most dominant dimension.

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