Various tillage systems and sowing methods affect growth and yield related characters of cotton

2020 ◽  
Vol 2 (1) ◽  
pp. 09-19
Author(s):  
Muhammad Irfan ◽  
Hakoomat Ali ◽  
Shakeel Ahmad ◽  
Abdul Sattar ◽  
Ahsan Areeb ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Crop Yields ◽  
Interactive Effect ◽  
Soil Surface ◽  
Lower Surface ◽  
Conventional Tillage ◽  
Growth And Yield ◽  
Seed Cotton ◽  
Tillage Systems ◽  
Deep Tillage ◽  
Seedbed Preparation

Seedbed preparation and sowing methods play significant role in obtaining good crop yields. To explore the agronomic productivity and economic efficacy of different tillage and sowing methods in cotton, a two year field study was conducted during 2010 and 2011. The experiment comprised of two tillage systems viz; conventional tillage (one time disc harrow + two cultivations + planking) and deep tillage (chiseling twice + one cultivation + planking) along with three sowing methods viz; flat sowing, ridge sowing and bed sowing. Split plot design was used with three replications. Deep tillage amplified seed cotton yields by 18.7% and 11.14% during 2010 and 2011, respectively. Bed sowing exhibited higher yield contributing traits such as number of opened bolls per plant and boll weight as compared to ridge and flat sowing. Deep tillage with bed sowing gave maximum net returns of USD 1407.88 with BCR of 1.81 during the year 2010, while during 2011 it was USD 783.50 with BCR 1.45. Bulk density of the soil was found lower in the upper layer of soil surface as compared to lower surface under deep tillage systems as compared to conventional tillage systems. It was concluded that deep tillage produced more number of plants which contributed towards highest seed cotton yield. Moreover deep tillage was more costly except in bed sowing of cotton crop. The interactive effect of tillage systems and sowing methods were found non significant during both years of study.

Effect of Three Tillage Systems on the Persistence of Atrazine

Weed Science ◽  
1983 ◽  
Vol 31 (3) ◽  
pp. 423-426 ◽  
Author(s):  
Thomas T. Bauman ◽  
Merrill A. Ross
Keyword(s):  
Zea Mays ◽  
Soil Surface ◽  
Conventional Tillage ◽  
Biologically Active ◽  
Tillage Systems

Field sudies on the persistence of atrazine [2-chloro-4-(ethylamino)-6-(isopropylamino)-s-triazine] showed less persistence under coulter than chisel or conventional plow tillage in the year of application. The residue on the coulter system from the previous corn (Zea maysL.) crop initially prevented as much as 30% of the atrazine from reaching the soil surface. After five annual applications, the atrazine residue was generally higher in the coulter than the chisel or conventional tillage systems, but below levels considered to be biologically active.

Effect of tillage on nitrogen response in corn (Zea mays L.) after established alfalfa (Medicago sativa L.)

1993 ◽  
Vol 73 (1) ◽  
pp. 73-81 ◽  
Author(s):  
G. K. S. Aflakpui ◽  
T. J. Vyn ◽  
M. R. Hall ◽  
G. W. Anderson ◽  
C. J. Swanton
Keyword(s):  
Nitrogen Fertilizer ◽  
Nitrogen Availability ◽  
Conventional Tillage ◽  
Growth And Yield ◽  
First Year ◽  
Tillage Systems ◽  
Nitrogen Rate ◽  
Nitrogen Response ◽  
No Till ◽  
Second Year

The effect of tillage and added nitrogen fertilizer on first- and second-year corn after an established alfalfa stand was investigated in field studies near Woodstock, Ontario, Five rates of nitrogen fertilizer, ranging from 0 to 160 kg ha−1, were evaluated to determine their influence on corn growth and yield in both no-till and conventional tillage systems in the first and second years of corn following alfalfa. In the first year of corn after alfalfa, grain yield and harvest index were significantly lower with no-till than with conventional tillage only in 1988. First-year grain yields were independent of nitrogen fertilizer rates in both 1988 and 1989. There was no tillage by nitrogen rate interaction in either year indicating that additional nitrogen fertilizer was not required to achieve optimum corn yields with no-till relative to conventional tillage. Yields of second-year corn increased with nitrogen rate in both 1989 and 1990. Tillage systems had no apparent influence on nitrogen availability to corn grown after an established alfalfa stand. Key words: Tillage, alfalfa, nitrogen

Effect of tillage system and crop sequence on irrigated sugarbeet production

2004 ◽  
Vol 84 (3) ◽  
pp. 739-747 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. R. Moyer ◽  
J. Nitschelm ◽  
P. Regitnig ◽  
R. E. Blackshaw ◽  
H. C. Huang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Wind Erosion ◽  
Soil Surface ◽  
Conventional Tillage ◽  
Amaranthus Retroflexus ◽  
Plant Residue ◽  
No Tillage ◽  
Dry Beans ◽  
Tillage Systems ◽  
Minimum Tillage ◽  
Tillage System

Sugarbeets (Beta vulgaris L.) are grown on intensively tilled-irrigated land in southern Alberta, which is subject to soil erosion by wind. Experiments were conducted on commercial fields near Burdett, AB, to determine the effect of the tillage system and previous crops on sugarbeet production. The previous crops were dry bean (Phaseolus vulgaris L.) or wheat (Triticum aestivium L.) and the tillage systems were conventional (moldboard plow, vibrashank cultivator, harrow, packer), minimum (double disc, self-cleaning harrow, glyphosate) or no tillage (glyphosate). After dry beans, sugarbeet fresh weight and extractable sugar yields were similar with all tillage systems. All of the tillage systems left less than 100 g m-2 of plant residue on the soil surface in the spring following dry beans, which is insufficient to protect the soil from wind erosion. After wheat, sugarbeet yields were similar with minimum and conventional tillage but lower with no tillage. Both minimum and no-tillage systems left sufficient plant residue on the soil surface to protect the soil from erosion (> 200 g m-2). Sugarbeet stand density following wheat was lower with no tillage than conventional or minimum tillage, reflecting poor seed placement and daily maximum soil temperature (5 cm depth) of up to 10°C lower under no tillage than conventional tillage. After wheat, there was a trend toward lower densities of hard-seeded annuals, such as redroot pigweed (Amaranthus retroflexus L.), after no tillage than conventional tillage. Of the cropping systems tested in this study, only the minimum tillage system after wheat provided optimum sugarbeet yield and left enough plant residue to protect the soil from wind erosion. Key words: Crop rotation, bean, wheat, sugarbeet, no-tillage

Tillage and Nitrogen Influence Weed Population Dynamics in Barley (Hordeum vulgare)

1997 ◽  
Vol 11 (3) ◽  
pp. 502-509 ◽  
Author(s):  
John T. O'Donovan ◽  
David W. McAndrew ◽  
A. Gordon Thomas
Keyword(s):  
Population Dynamics ◽  
Field Experiments ◽  
Soil Surface ◽  
Conventional Tillage ◽  
Zero Tillage ◽  
Tillage Systems ◽  
Green Foxtail ◽  
Field Pennycress ◽  
Soil Seedbank ◽  
Four Levels

Field experiments were initiated at Alliance and Hairy Hill, Alberta, in 1989 to investigate the effects of conventional tillage, zero tillage, and four levels of nitrogen fertilizer on continuous barley production. In both tillage systems, the nitrogen was banded 6 to 8 cm deep between alternate barley rows. Herbicides were used for weed control each year. The influence of tillage and nitrogen on weed seed population dynamics was determined in 1991 and 1992. In the zero-tillage system, a large proportion of the weed seeds were present either at the soil surface or at the 5- to 10-cm depth. Green foxtail, the dominant species at Alliance, was also present at Hairy Hill where field pennycress was dominant. Green foxtail was consistently associated with low (residual) nitrogen and, in most cases, with conventional tillage. At both locations, green foxtail populations tended to decrease to very low levels as nitrogen rate increased, especially in zero tillage. At Hairy Hill, field pennycress populations in the soil seedbank were higher in zero tillage compared with conventional tillage, but plants that emerged from the soil seedbank in the field in spring were lower in zero tillage. Field pennycress populations were highest under low nitrogen. The results indicate that banding nitrogen has the potential to be an effective tool for green foxtail and field pennycress management in conventional- and zero-tillage systems, resulting in less dependence on herbicides for their control.

scholarly journals Zero Tillage Systems Conserve Arbuscular Mycorrhizal Fungi, Enhancing Soil Glomalin and Water Stable Aggregates with Implications for Soil Stability

Soil Systems ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 5 (1) ◽  
pp. 4
Author(s):  
Thomas I. Wilkes ◽  
Douglas J. Warner ◽  
Veronica Edmonds-Brown ◽  
Keith G. Davies ◽  
Ian Denholm
Keyword(s):  
Mycorrhizal Fungi ◽  
Arbuscular Mycorrhizal ◽  
Am Fungi ◽  
Conventional Tillage ◽  
Zero Tillage ◽  
Tillage Systems ◽  
Symbiotic Relationships ◽  
Structural Support ◽  
Water Stable Aggregates ◽  
Seedbed Preparation

Arbuscular Mycorrhizal (AM) fungi form mutualistic symbiotic relationships with approximately 80% of terrestrial plant species, while producing the glycoprotein glomalin as a structural support molecule along their mycelial network. Glomalin confers two benefits for soils: (1) acting as a carbon and nitrogen storage molecule; (2) the binding of soil microaggregates (<250 µm) to form larger, more stable structures. The present study aimed to test the hypothesis that a correlation between glomalin and soil aggregation exists and that this is influenced by the method of seedbed preparation. The soils from two crops of winter wheat in Hertfordshire, UK, practising either conventional (20 cm soil inversion) or zero tillage exclusively, were sampled in a 50 m grid arrangement over a 12 month period. Glomalin and water stable aggregates (WSA) were quantified for each soil sample and found to be significantly greater in zero tillage soils compared to those of conventional tillage. A stronger correlation between WSA and glomalin was observed in zero tillage (Pearson’s coeffect 0.85) throughout the cropping year compared to conventional tillage (Pearson’s coeffect 0.07). The present study was able to conclude that zero tillage systems are beneficial for AM fungi, the enhancement of soil glomalin and soil erosion mitigation.

scholarly journals Impact of in-field soil heterogeneity on biomass and yield of winter triticale in an intensively cropped hummocky landscape under temperate climate conditions

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Muhammad Habib-ur-Rahman ◽  
Ahsan Raza ◽  
Hella Ellen Ahrends ◽  
Hubert Hüging ◽  
Thomas Gaiser
Keyword(s):  
Crop Yields ◽  
Interactive Effect ◽  
Positive Association ◽  
Soil Heterogeneity ◽  
Growth And Yield ◽  
Yield Potential ◽  
Temperate Climate ◽  
Field Soil ◽  
Poor Growth ◽  
Climate Conditions

AbstractCrop cultivation provides ecosystem services on increasingly large fields. However, the effects of in-field spatial heterogeneity on crop yields, in particular triticale, have rarely been considered. The study assess the effects of in-field soil heterogeneity and elevation on triticale grown in an intensively cropped hummocky landscape. The field was classified into three soil classes: C1, C2, and C3, based on soil texture and available water capacity (AWC), which had high, moderate, and low yield potential, respectively. Three elevations (downslope (DS), midslope (MS), and upslope (US)) were considered as the second study factor. An unbalanced experimental design was adopted with a factorial analysis of variance for data analysis. Temporal growth analysis showed that soil classes and elevation had significant effects. Generally, better growth was observed in C1 compared to that of C3. DS had a lower yield potential than that of MS and US. In addition, the interactive effect was confirmed, as triticale had poor growth and yield in C3 on the DS, but not on US. Crop physiological parameters also confirmed the differences between soil classes and elevation. Similarly, soil moisture (SM) content in the plow layer measured at different points in time and AWC over the soil profile had a positive association with growth and yield. The results confirmed that spatial differences in AWC and SM can explain spatial variability in growth and yield. The mapping approach combining soil auguring techniques with a digital elevation model could be used to subdivide fields in hummocky landscapes for determining sub-field input intensities to guide precision farming.

Root penetration profiles of wheat and barley as affected by soil penetration resistance in field conditions

1994 ◽  
Vol 74 (2) ◽  
pp. 193-200 ◽  
Author(s):  
Daniel L. Martino ◽  
Carl F. Shaykewich
Keyword(s):  
Soil Surface ◽  
Mechanical Impedance ◽  
Penetration Resistance ◽  
Conventional Tillage ◽  
Loamy Sand ◽  
Root Penetration ◽  
Silty Clay ◽  
Zero Tillage ◽  
Tillage Systems ◽  
Penetrometer Resistance

A study was conducted on three Manitoba soils (Marquette heavy clay, Fortier silty clay loam, and Souris loamy sand) with the objectives of: (a) assessing the effects of contrasting tillage systems on various soil physical properties; and (b) relating root penetration of cereals to these properties. The zero tillage (ZT) and conventional tillage (CT) treatments had been established between 3 (Marquette and Souris) and 10 (Fortier) years prior to the initiation of the study. Penetrometer resistance (PR), bulk density (BD) and pore size distribution (PSD) were measured at various depths and times during two growing seasons. The effects of tillage systems on soil properties were generally small, particularly in the poorly structured Souris loamy sand. PR in the top 10 cm of soil tended to be higher under ZT than under CT. PR varied markedly with time and was closely related to changes in soil water content. The proportion of macropores (> 100 μm in diameter) near the soil surface tended to be higher under ZT than under CT. There was no evidence of any detrimental effect of poor aeration on the final root penetration profiles of wheat. The proportion of roots penetrating the soil was inversely related to PR. Soil strength critical for root penetration was determined to be 2 MPa and was independent of soil type. In most situations, however, roots were able to grow into soil with mechanical impedance greater than 2 MPa, possibly by making use of biochannels and spatial and temporal heterogeneity in the soil structure. Key words: Wheat, barley, zero tillage, conventional tillage, root penetration, penetration resistance

scholarly journals Influence of Tillage Method on Management ofAmaranthusSpecies in Soybean

2017 ◽  
Vol 31 (1) ◽  
pp. 10-20 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jaime A. Farmer ◽  
Kevin W. Bradley ◽  
Bryan G. Young ◽  
Lawrence E. Steckel ◽  
William G. Johnson ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Conventional Tillage ◽  
No Tillage ◽  
Tillage Systems ◽  
Deep Tillage ◽  
Minimum Tillage ◽  
Herbicide Resistant ◽  
Tillage System ◽  
Tillage Method ◽  
Residual Herbicide ◽  
Herbicide Programs

A field study was conducted in 2014 and 2015 in Arkansas, Illinois, Indiana, Ohio, Tennessee, Wisconsin, and Missouri to determine the effects of tillage system and herbicide program on season-long emergence ofAmaranthusspecies in glufosinate-resistant soybean. The tillage systems evaluated were deep tillage (fall moldboard plow followed by (fb) one pass with a field cultivator in the spring), conventional tillage (fall chisel plow fb one pass with a field cultivator in the spring), minimum tillage (one pass of a vertical tillage tool in the spring), and no-tillage (PRE application of paraquat). Each tillage system also received one of two herbicide programs; PRE application of flumioxazin (0.09 kg ai ha–1) fb a POST application of glufosinate (0.59 kg ai ha−1) plusS-metolachlor (1.39 kg ai ha–1), or POST-only applications of glufosinate (0.59 kg ha−1). The deep tillage system resulted in a 62, 67, and 73% reduction inAmaranthusemergence when compared to the conventional, minimum, and no-tillage systems, respectively. The residual herbicide program also resulted in an 87% reduction inAmaranthusspecies emergence compared to the POST-only program. The deep tillage system, combined with the residual program, resulted in a 97% reduction inAmaranthusspecies emergence when compared to the minimum tillage system combined with the POST-only program, which had the highestAmaranthusemergence. Soil cores taken prior to planting and herbicide application revealed that only 28% of theAmaranthusseed in the deep tillage system was placed within the top 5-cm of the soil profile compared to 79, 81, and 77% in the conventional, minimum, and no-tillage systems. Overall, the use of deep tillage with a residual herbicide program provided the greatest reduction inAmaranthusspecies emergence, thus providing a useful tool in managing herbicide-resistantAmaranthusspecies where appropriate.

scholarly journals Long and Midterm Effect of Conservation Agriculture on Soil Properties in Dry Areas of Morocco

2016 ◽  
Vol 2016 ◽  
pp. 1-9 ◽  
Author(s):  
Malika Laghrour ◽  
Rachid Moussadek ◽  
Rachid Mrabet ◽  
Rachid Dahan ◽  
Mohammed El-Mourid ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Arid Regions ◽  
Organic Matter Content ◽  
Soil Surface ◽  
Conservation Agriculture ◽  
Conventional Tillage ◽  
Matter Content ◽  
No Tillage ◽  
Tillage Systems ◽  
Soil Organic Matter Content ◽  
Significant Difference

In Morocco, conservation agriculture, particularly no tillage systems, has become an alternative strategy to mitigate land degradation caused by conventional tillage in semiarid to arid regions. This paper is based on behaviour to tillage treatments of two Vertisols in Morocco. After 11 years of testing, soil organic matter content results showed a significant difference (P<0.05) only at soil surface (0–10 cm) in favour of no tillage and a variation of 30% at this depth. The results obtained after 32 years of testing showed a significant soil profile difference (P<0.05), up to 40 cm under no tillage compared to conventional tillage, and a variation of 54% at 5–10 cm. For total nitrogen, there was no significant effect between no tillage and conventional tillage at the soil surface after 11 years unlike the result obtained after 32 years. There are no significant differences in bulk density between tillage treatments at soil surface for both sites. The measurement of soil structural stability showed a significant effect (P<0.05) for all three tests and for both sites. This means that no tillage helped Vertisols to resist different climatic constraints, preserving environmental soil quality.

Effect of deep tillage and seedbed preparation on the growth and yield of wheat on a hard-setting soil

1988 ◽  
Vol 28 (4) ◽  
pp. 491 ◽  
Author(s):  
JA Mead ◽  
KY Chan
Keyword(s):  
Grain Yield ◽  
Water Infiltration ◽  
Growth And Yield ◽  
Wheat Crop ◽  
Seedling Vigour ◽  
Deep Tillage ◽  
Crop Establishment ◽  
Tillage Operation ◽  
Seedbed Preparation ◽  
Cultivation Techniques

The preparation of a seedbed using either conventional cultivation (3 scarifyings) or deep tillage increased the vegetative and grain yield of a wheat crop (cv. Banks in 1983, and Quarrion in 1984) when compared with the direct drill technique of crop establishment on a hard-setting red duplex soil (Dr 2.62). Neither vegetative nor grain yield was increased by the inclusion of a deep tillage operation on the conventionally cultivated treatment prior to seedbed preparation with a scarifier. The poor seedling vigour of direct drilled plots was eliminated by deep tillage. However, the effect of deep tillage was short-lived. The importance of good soil physical condition during crop establishment was highlighted by the recompaction of the cultivated soil to bulk density and shear strength levels similar to those of the uncultivated plots in the latter part of the growing season. Because of the fragile nature of the soil, there were no residual benefits from the deep tillage operation on the undisturbed plots in the following season. Although cultivation had obvious benefits in enhancing seedling vigour on the hard-setting soil, the destruction of the soil's macroporosity reduced water infiltration down the soil profile. The adoption of conservation farming practices on hard-setting soils should initially involve reduced cultivation techniques to promote early seedling vigour. This cultivation should be timed to minimise the risks of soil erosion and recompaction. Further work is needed to identify the optimal cultivation techniques for these soils.

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