Effect of deep tillage and seedbed preparation on the growth and yield of wheat on a hard-setting soil

1988 ◽  
Vol 28 (4) ◽  
pp. 491 ◽  
Author(s):  
JA Mead ◽  
KY Chan
Keyword(s):  
Grain Yield ◽  
Water Infiltration ◽  
Growth And Yield ◽  
Wheat Crop ◽  
Seedling Vigour ◽  
Deep Tillage ◽  
Crop Establishment ◽  
Tillage Operation ◽  
Seedbed Preparation ◽  
Cultivation Techniques

The preparation of a seedbed using either conventional cultivation (3 scarifyings) or deep tillage increased the vegetative and grain yield of a wheat crop (cv. Banks in 1983, and Quarrion in 1984) when compared with the direct drill technique of crop establishment on a hard-setting red duplex soil (Dr 2.62). Neither vegetative nor grain yield was increased by the inclusion of a deep tillage operation on the conventionally cultivated treatment prior to seedbed preparation with a scarifier. The poor seedling vigour of direct drilled plots was eliminated by deep tillage. However, the effect of deep tillage was short-lived. The importance of good soil physical condition during crop establishment was highlighted by the recompaction of the cultivated soil to bulk density and shear strength levels similar to those of the uncultivated plots in the latter part of the growing season. Because of the fragile nature of the soil, there were no residual benefits from the deep tillage operation on the undisturbed plots in the following season. Although cultivation had obvious benefits in enhancing seedling vigour on the hard-setting soil, the destruction of the soil's macroporosity reduced water infiltration down the soil profile. The adoption of conservation farming practices on hard-setting soils should initially involve reduced cultivation techniques to promote early seedling vigour. This cultivation should be timed to minimise the risks of soil erosion and recompaction. Further work is needed to identify the optimal cultivation techniques for these soils.

Response by wheat, rape, and field peas to pre-sowing herbicides and deep tillage

1987 ◽  
Vol 27 (3) ◽  
pp. 431 ◽  
Author(s):  
PR Dann ◽  
AG Thomas ◽  
RB Cunningham ◽  
PHR Moore
Keyword(s):  
Grain Yield ◽  
Growth And Yield ◽  
Wheat Crop ◽  
Wheat Grain ◽  
Deep Tillage ◽  
Field Peas ◽  
Herbicide Treatments ◽  
Average Rainfall ◽  
Surface Disturbance ◽  
Crop Parameters

A field experiment near Yass, N.S.W., in 198 1 and 1982 compared several forms of deep tillage (loosening of the soil to depths from 15 to 60 cm, with little surface disturbance) following the application of various herbicides, on the growth and yield of wheat, rape, field peas and weeds. The deep tillage implements used were: Wallace Soil Reconditioning Unit, Domino Sub Tiller, and single tine ripper, cultivating to depths from 15 to 60 cm. The herbicides used were: glyphosate (Roundup at 1 L/ha), paraquat-diquat (Sprayseed at 2 L/ha) and paraquat-diquat (Sprayseed at 2 L/ha) plus dicamba (Banvel 200 at 0.4 Wha). A fallow treatment also was used in 1982. Crops, and weeds-which were a mixture of grass and broad-leaf species-responded more strongly to herbicide than to deep tillage treatments. At the rates used, paraquat-diquat plus dicamba controlled cereals more efficiently than did the other herbicides. The responses were generally increased growth of wheat and rape-field peas being much less responsive-and decreased growth of weeds. In 198 1, a year of average rainfall, herbicide (meaned over deep tillage treatments) increased wheat grain yield by 1.94 t/ha (1.8 1 v. 3.75 t/ha) and deep tillage (meaned over herbicide treatments) by 0.60 t/ha (2.81 v. 3.41 t/ha). In 1982, a year of below-average rainfall, fallow increased wheat grain yield by 1.67 t/ha (0.18 v. 1.85 t/ha), herbicide by 0.73 t/ha (0.18 v. 0.91 t/ha) and deep tillage by 0.36 t/ha (0.69 v. 1.05 t/ha). Covariance analyses indicated that, for all wheat crop parameters measured in 198 1, responses to both deep tillage and herbicide were strongly related to reduction in weed top growth, this effect being greater with the herbicide treatments than with the deep tillage treatments.

scholarly journals Seed Priming with Potassium Nitrate and Gibberellic Acid Enhances the Performance of Dry Direct Seeded Rice (Oryza sativa L.) in North-Western India

Agronomy ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (5) ◽  
pp. 849
Author(s):  
Buta Singh Dhillon ◽  
Virender Kumar ◽  
Pardeep Sagwal ◽  
Navjyot Kaur ◽  
Gurjit Singh Mangat ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Gibberellic Acid ◽  
Grain Yield ◽  
Oryza Sativa L ◽  
Seed Priming ◽  
Potassium Nitrate ◽  
Growth And Yield ◽  
Western India ◽  
Yield Attributes ◽  
Crop Establishment ◽  
Direct Seeded

Poor early growth and uneven crop establishment are reported as the major bottlenecks in wide-scale adoption and optimal yield realization of dry direct-seeded rice (DSR). Seed priming can potentially help overcome these problems in DSR. Therefore, laboratory and field studies were conducted at Punjab Agricultural University, Ludhiana, India, during kharif/wet-season 2018 and 2019 to evaluate the effect of different priming techniques on germination, establishment, growth, and grain yield of rice under DSR conditions. The following priming treatments were evaluated: dry non-primed seed (control), hydropriming with distilled water, halopriming with 2.0% potassium nitrate, hormopriming with 50 ppm gibberellic acid (GA3), and osmopriming with polyethylene glycol (PEG)(−0.6 MPa), each with 12 and 24 h priming duration. In 2019, priming treatments were tested under two DSR establishment methods—conventional DSR (sowing in dry soil followed by irrigation) and soil mulch DSR (locally known as vattar DSR) (sowing in moist soil after pre-sowing irrigation), whereas in 2018, priming treatments were evaluated under conventional DSR only. In both years, halopriming and hormopriming resulted in a 7–11% increase in rice yields compared to non-primed dry seed (control). Osmopriming resulted in a 4% yield increase compared to control in 2018 but not in 2019. The higher yields in halopriming and hormopriming were attributed to higher and rapid germination/crop emergence, better root growth, and improvement in yield attributes. Priming effect on crop emergence, growth, and yield did not differ by DSR establishment methods and duration of priming. Conventional DSR and soil mulch DSR did not differ in grain yield, whereas they differed in crop emergence, growth, and yield attributes. These results suggest that halopriming with 2.0% potassium nitrate and hormopriming with 50 ppm GA3 has good potential to improve crop establishment and yield of rice in both conventional and soil mulch DSR systems.

scholarly journals Growth and yield attributes of wheat crop in response to application of micronutrients: A review

2019 ◽  
Vol 11 (4) ◽  
pp. 823-829
Author(s):  
Ganpat Louhar
Keyword(s):  
Growth Rate ◽  
Grain Yield ◽  
Leaf Area ◽  
Foliar Application ◽  
Animal Health ◽  
Growth And Yield ◽  
Wheat Crop ◽  
Optimum Dose ◽  
Area Index ◽  
Yield Attributes

Wheat is one of the most important cereal crop and staple foods in the world. Increase in productivity of wheat by balance nutrient management is one of the most crucial factors. The main objective this study is to assessing the role of micronutrients in improving different components of wheat yield. There are different methods of application such as seed priming, soil application and fortification but foliar application is more beneficial. This is due to response of foliar application has positive and quadrate in nature i.e. the optimum dose of foliar application of zinc for grain yield of wheat was observed as 0.04%. Among treatments of micronutrient alone or combined forms give better results over control. Results have show that micronutrient application substantially improved leaf area index (LAI), leaf area duration, CGR (Crop growth rate), RGR (Relative growth rate), NAR (Net assimilation rate), plant height, spike length, spikelets/spike, grains/spike, test weight, tillers m-2, grain yield, chlorophyll content and biological yield as well as harvest index of wheat. The yield and quality of wheat products improved and boosted by micronutrient applications. Therefore, human and animal health will be protected with the feed of enriched and balanced nutrition of produce as well as it will help in facing the severe global food security.

scholarly journals Accentuating the Role of Nitrogen to Phosphorus Ratio on the Growth and Yield of Wheat Crop

2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (4) ◽  
pp. 2253
Author(s):  
Maria Mussarat ◽  
Muhammad Shair ◽  
Dost Muhammad ◽  
Ishaq Ahmad Mian ◽  
Shadman Khan ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Grain Yield ◽  
Chlorophyll Content ◽  
N Uptake ◽  
Growth And Yield ◽  
Yield Potential ◽  
Wheat Crop ◽  
P Deficiency ◽  
Spad Value ◽  
Biological Yield ◽  
The Impact

Nitrogen (N) and Phosphorus (P) deficiency is a major yield limiting factor across the globe and their proper management plays a vital role in optimizing crop yield. This field experiment was conducted to assess the impact of soil and plant nitrogen N and P ratio on the growth and yield of wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) in alkaline calcareous soil. The study consisted of various levels of nitrogen (0, 40, 80, and 160 kg ha−1 as urea) and phosphorus (0, 30, 60, and 90 kg P2O5 ha−1 as diammonium phosphate), and was carried out in randomized complete block design (RCBD) with factorial arrangement having three replications. The result showed that the addition of 160 kg N ha−1 significantly improved biological yield (10,052 kg ha−1), grain weight (3120 kg ha−1), chlorophyll content at tillering stage soil plant analysis development (SPAD) value (35.38), N uptake in straw (33.42 kg ha−1), and K uptake in straw (192 kg ha−1) compared to other N levels. In case of P, 90 kg P2O5 ha−1 had resulted maximum biological yield (9852 kg ha−1), grain yield (3663 kg ha−1), chlorophyll content at tillering stage (SPAD value 34.36), P (6.68 mg kg−1) and K (171 kg ha−1) uptake in straw. The sole use of N and P have positively influenced the biological and grain yield but their interaction didn’t response to biological yield. The present study reveals that SPAD value (chlorophyll meter) is the better choice for determining plant N and P concentrations to estimate the yield potential.

scholarly journals Potential soil moisture deficit: A useful approach to save water with enhanced growth and productivity of wheat crop

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Shahbaz Khan ◽  
Atif Rasool ◽  
Sohail Irshad ◽  
Muhammad Bilal Hafeez ◽  
Madad Ali ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Soil Moisture ◽  
Grain Yield ◽  
Crop Production ◽  
Field Experiments ◽  
Wheat Yield ◽  
Growth And Yield ◽  
Wheat Crop ◽  
Soil Moisture Deficit ◽  
Moisture Deficit ◽  
The Impact

Abstract Wheat is the main crop in the world ranks after rice and the largest grain source of Pakistan. Among several reasons for diminishing wheat yield in Pakistan, water stress throughout the growing season decreases crop production because of the short life span. Two years (2015–16 and 2016–17) field experiments were conducted to assess the impact of various water regimes (full irrigation, irrigation at 45, 60, and 75 mm potential soil moisture deficit (PSMD)) on the growth and yield of wheat. Maximum crop growth rate was recorded by application of irrigation at 45 mm PSMD. Application of irrigation at 45 mm PSMD ensured maximum radiation use efficiency regarding total dry matter production and grain yield. The maximum number of productive tillers, spike length, and grain yield were recorded under 45 mm PSDM treatment. The present results show that the effect of water is more pronounced regarding the growth and productivity of wheat. Application of irrigation at 45 mm PSMD ensures higher economical yield.

Effect of fallowing practices on the growth and yield of wheat in south-eastern Australia

1985 ◽  
Vol 25 (3) ◽  
pp. 614 ◽  
Author(s):  
JW Cooke ◽  
GW Ford ◽  
RG Dumsday ◽  
ST Willatt
Keyword(s):  
Grain Yield ◽  
Growth And Yield ◽  
North Central ◽  
Crop Establishment ◽  
Herbicide Treatment ◽  
Eastern Australia ◽  
Crop Development ◽  
Repeated Use ◽  
Fallow Phase ◽  
Winter Fallow

The effects on crop establishment, crop development and the yield of wheat of two methods of fallow preparation, at each of three lengths of fallow were investigated over 5 years on red duplex and associated soils in north-central Victoria. The two methods of preparation were: scarifying, which involved the repeated use of a tined tillage implement; and herbicide application, which involved the repeated use of non-residual herbicides to control weeds during the fallow phase. The three lengths of fallow were winter, spring and autumn, which were approximately 10, 8 and 2 months respectively. Grain yield on the scarifier treatments was 0.26 t/ha greater (P<0.10) than on the herbicide treatments. Grain yield on winter fallow was 0.46 and 0.56 t/ha greater (Pt0.01) than on spring and autumn fallows, respectively. Crop yield was positively correlated (R2= 0.49) with soil nitrate determined at the time the crop was sown, but was independent of available soil water content determined at that time. Winter fallowing conserved 15 and 29 mm more water than did spring and autumn fallowing respectively, and mineralized 26 and 28 kg/ha more nitrogen than did spring and autumn fallows respectively. Crop establishment (No. of plants/m of row) on the herbicide treatment was 89% (P< 0.05) of that on the scarifier treatment, but this was not the reason for the reduced grain yield on the herbicide treatment. The lower yields were caused by depressed crop vigour (number of spikes/m of row) which in turn was largely a consequence of the inefficient uptake of nitrogen. The yield benefits of scarifying appear to reflect the importance of the initial two or three cultivations.

Effects of incorporating different amounts of straw on growth, diseases and yield of consecutive crops of winter wheat grown on contrasting soil types

2001 ◽  
Vol 136 (1) ◽  
pp. 1-14 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. F. JENKYN ◽  
D. G. CHRISTIAN ◽  
E. T. G. BACON ◽  
R. J. GUTTERIDGE ◽  
A. D. TODD
Keyword(s):  
Winter Wheat ◽  
Grain Yield ◽  
Significant Proportion ◽  
Crop Growth ◽  
Growth And Yield ◽  
Soil Types ◽  
Wheat Crop ◽  
First Year ◽  
Available N ◽  
Winter Wheat Crop

Three experiments on winter wheat, each lasting 5 years and on different soil types, were used to test the effects of incorporating different amounts of straw, mainly to determine the importance of achieving uniform distribution to avoid adverse effects on grain yield. Decreases in crop growth and/or grain yield as a consequence of incorporating straw were detected in the first year. The decreases were much larger in one experiment where straw was imported and applied to soil that had been fallowed for 12 months before sowing the wheat than in the other two where the straw was incorporated following the harvest of a winter wheat crop. In the subsequent 4 years, incorporating up to 20 t straw/ha had no significant effects on grain yield but there were some significant effects on concentrations and uptakes of N, P and K, especially on the heavier textured soils. The effects on crop growth and yield that were detected in the first year on each site are tentatively attributed to decreases in available N representing that which was required to support the decomposition of the incorporated straw. The relative lack of significant effects in subsequent years seems to imply that a significant proportion of this N was remineralized relatively quickly, and thus available to support the decomposition of the straw that was incorporated in the second year and, after further recycling, in the years after that. Eyespot, caused by the fungus Pseudocercosporella herpotrichoides, was decreased by incorporating straw but there were few significant effects on other diseases. The results provide a generally reassuring message for farmers in suggesting that on most, if not all, soils there is little cause for concern about the consequences of incorporating even large amounts of wheat straw before sowing a further crop of winter wheat.

scholarly journals Productivity and soil attributes as influenced by resource conservation technologies under rice- wheat system in Nepal

2013 ◽  
Vol 3 ◽  
pp. 64-72 ◽  
Author(s):  
G Sah ◽  
SC Shah ◽  
SK Sah ◽  
RB Thapa ◽  
A McDonald ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Soil Moisture ◽  
Grain Yield ◽  
Conventional Tillage ◽  
Residue Management ◽  
Wheat Crop ◽  
Zero Tillage ◽  
Wheat Grain ◽  
Nitrogen Levels ◽  
Crop Establishment ◽  
Residue Retention

Rice-wheat system provides food, income, and employment to over 83 % of the people and contributes to national food security in Nepal. Sustainability of the system is under threat because of increasing cultivation cost and declining soil fertility. On-farm experiments were carried out to determine the effects of tillage and crop establishment methods, crop residue management, and nitrogen levels that affect soil attributes and productivity of the rice-wheat system during 2010- 2011at Bara, Nepal. The treatment consisted of three tillage and crop establishment methods viz. Conventional tillage (CT), Permanent bed planting (PB), and Zero-tillage (ZT); two residue management levels viz. Residue retention and Residue removal; and three nitrogen levels viz. Zero nitrogen, farmer’s dose (80 and 100 kgha-1 N for rice and wheat, respectively), and abundant nitrogen (120 kgha-1 N for both rice and wheat crop). The experiments were laid out in strip-split plot design with three replications. The research results revealed that rice grain yield was significantly higher in the plots receiving N level as applied by farmers that was similar to abundant nitrogen dose. Wheat grain yield was significantly higher with zero tillage compared to permanent bed planting and conventional tillage. Significantly higher wheat grain yield was also obtained due to abundant nitrogen dose than zero dose nitrogen which was similar to farmers’ dose of N as well. There was no significant difference in grain yield of rice and wheat due to residue retention, although, it improved soil moisture. In wheat crop, zero-till planting and increased nitrogen application conserved soil moisture, enhanced soil electrical conductivity and lowered soil temperature. It can be concluded that rice and wheat can be grown successfully with zero tillage and farmer’s nitrogen dose without any yield penalty. Agronomy Journal of Nepal (Agron JN) Vol. 3. 2013, Page 64-72 DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3126/ajn.v3i0.9007

scholarly journals Effect of brackish water irrigation on soil degradation and performance of salt tolerant wheat and maize genotypes

2018 ◽  
Vol 42 (4) ◽  
pp. 693-705
Author(s):  
MR Farooq ◽  
J Akhtar ◽  
MI Shahid ◽  
M Safdar
Keyword(s):  
Adverse Effect ◽  
Grain Yield ◽  
Brackish Water ◽  
Growth And Yield ◽  
Wheat Crop ◽  
Salt Tolerant ◽  
Wheat Grain ◽  
Maize Crop ◽  
Maize Genotypes ◽  
Fodder Yield

A field experiment was conducted to study the effect of brackish water on soil physical and chemical conditions and yield of wheat and maize genotypes at the farmers’ field. Two salt tolerant genotypes for each crop were selected from previous hydroponic and lysimeters studies. Wheat-maize cropping system was followed using tubewell brackish water alone and with chemical (gypsum) and organic (FYM) amendments. The results revealed that treatments have significant effect on all growth and yield parameters and followed the trend of T1>T3 >T4 > T2. Highest grain yield of wheat genotypes (SARC-1 & V-8670) was observed in control (4050 & 3800 kg/ha) and lowest was in T2 (2862 & 2200 kg/ha). Similar trend was observed in maize fodder yield that was 9625 & 8875 kg/ha in control and 4350 & 2253 kg/ha in T2 for Sahiwal-02 and Akbar, respectively. Maximum reduction in wheat grain and maize fodder yield observed in T2 (tubewell water alone) where high EC, SAR and RSC water was applied that was 39 & 57% for 1st year (wheat crop) and 89 & 74% for 2nd year (maize crop) respectively. Data revealed that use of gypsum and FYM along with brackish water improved the wheat grain yield and maize fodder as compared to T2. More adverse effect of brackish water was observed in high EC, SAR and RSC treatment (tubewell water alone) as compared to other treatments. Application of amendments (gypsum and FYM) along with brackish tubewell water reduced adverse effect of brackish water. Among genotypes SARC-1 and Sahiwal-2002 performed better in all treatments and textures especially under brackish water treatments.Bangladesh J. Agril. Res. 42(4): 693-705, December 2017

scholarly journals Growth and yield of boro rice (Oryza sativa L.) in response to crop establishment methods and varieties

2020 ◽  
Vol 5 (2) ◽  
pp. 137-143
Author(s):  
Afrina Rahman ◽  
Md. Abdus Salam ◽  
Md. Abdul Kader ◽  
Md. Shafiqul Islam ◽  
Suriaya Perveen
Keyword(s):  
Grain Yield ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Oryza Sativa L ◽  
Direct Seeding ◽  
Growth And Yield ◽  
Growth Stages ◽  
Rice Cultivars ◽  
Area Index ◽  
Crop Establishment ◽  
Boro Rice

Physiological attributes and yield performance of high yielding varieties (HYV) of rice cultivars need to be assessed by crop establishment methods before promoting a suitable crop establishment method in Bangladesh. We, therefore, conducted an experiment to study the effects of crop establishment methods on the growth and yield of boro rice. The experiment comprised of two factors; factor A: methods of crop establishment viz., dry direct seeding, unpuddle transplanting, alternate wetting and drying (AWD) and puddle transplanting; factor B: rice cultivars viz., BRRI dhan28, BRRI dhan58, BRRI dhan74 and BRRI hybrid dhan3. The experiment was laid out in a split-plot design with three replications where method of crop establishment was assigned to the main plot and rice cultivar was assigned to the sub plots. Data were collected at different growth stages and at harvest. From the results, it was found that growth, yield and yield contributing characters were significantly influenced by crop establishment methods. The highest leaf area index (LAI), total dry matter and grain yield were found in puddle transplanting method. The highest grain yield was obtained in puddle transplanting method due to accumulation of maximum dry matter and production of highest number of effective tillers hill-1 and grains panicle-1. Among the varieties the highest grain yield was obtain in BRRI hybrid dhan3 due to highest number of grains panicle-1 and 1000-grain weight. The highest grain yield (6.21 t ha-1) was found in puddle transplanting with BRRI dhan28, while the lowest grain yield (2.80 t ha-1) was produced in dry direct seeding with BRRI dhan28. Therefore, puddle transplanting with BRRI dhan28 might be recommended due to best physiological performance and obtaining highest grain yield of boro rice.

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