scholarly journals Effect of NaCl on the development of the oil palm vascular wilt fungus, Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. elaeidis.

2019 ◽  
Vol 8 (1) ◽  
pp. 09-21
Author(s):  
Jacques S. B. Dossa ◽  
Michaël Pernaci ◽  
Euloge C. Togbé ◽  
Euloge K. Agbossou ◽  
Bonaventure C. Ahohuendo
Keyword(s):  
Fusarium Oxysporum ◽  
Oil Palm ◽  
Elaeis Guineensis ◽  
Disease Incidence ◽  
Pathogenic Fungus ◽  
Germination Rate ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
Vascular Wilt ◽  
Daily Growth ◽  
Sporulation Rate

Oil palm Elaeis guineensis Jacq. (Arecaceae) is one of the cash crops that mainly contributes to the gross domestic production of growing countries. This crop is grown worldwide throughout the humid intertropical belt. Its production in Africa is mainly threatened by the telluric fungus Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. elaeidis, causal agent of the oil palm vascular wilt. It has been reported that some environmental factors, such as soil and air salinity, may determine the survival, development and severity of phytopathogenic agents including Fusarium. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the effect of NaCl on growth, reproduction and pathogenic traits of this fungus by measuring mycelium daily growth, mycelium dry weight, sporulation rate, germination rate and number of infectious spores under four NaCl concentrations (0 g.L-1, 2.5 g.L-1, 5 g.L-1 ,10 g.L-1) of culture medium (MM solid medium and Armstrong liquid medium). The results indicated that NaCl reduced the radial daily growth and mycelium dry weight. In addition, the NaCl reduced significantly the sporulation rate and number of infectious spores while increasing the germination rate. Overall, these results indicated the negative NaCl effect on the development and the fitness of this pathogenic fungus. Thus, NaCl inputs appeared to be a potential solution for managing Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. elaeidis in the field, if a good balance between a decrease of disease incidence and yield loss is reached.

scholarly journals Disease incidence, severity and changes in morphological characteristics of some high value hybrid genotypes of oil palm (Elaeis guineensis Jacq.) seedlings as influenced by fusarium oxysporum f. sp. Elaeidis

2020 ◽  
Vol 14 (7) ◽  
pp. 2383-2397
Author(s):  
Galdima Madi ◽  
Godswill Ntsomboh-Ntsefong ◽  
Georges Frank Ngando Ebongue ◽  
Aurelie Nyaka Ngobisa ◽  
Victor Désiré Taffouo
Keyword(s):  
Fusarium Oxysporum ◽  
Fusarium Wilt ◽  
Oil Palm ◽  
Growth Traits ◽  
Elaeis Guineensis ◽  
Growth Parameters ◽  
Disease Incidence ◽  
Morphological Characteristics ◽  
Morphological Parameters ◽  
Vascular Wilt

Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. elaeidis (F.o.e) which is a causative agent of vascular wilt disease is the main threat to oil palm (Elaeis guineensis) cultivation in Africa. Its effects are more widely known on adult palms at production stage than on palm trees at the pre-nursery stage. The aim of his study was to evaluate the effects of F.o.e on the morphological parameters and the disease incidence and severity on seedlings during four months of pre-nursery stage. Ten high value hybrid genotypes of germinated seeds, including three tolerant to F.o.e were used. Seedlings were inoculated at four weeks of age with F.o.e. The morphological parameters (height and stem diameter of the seedlings, leaf length and width, leaf area) were recorded every two weeks and the disease incidence and severity on seedlings were determined. All the observed parameters were negatively influenced by F.o.e. Seedling height showed the highest difference (5.34%) and two genotypes (T1N and T3F) out of the ten assessed recorded no influence of F.o.e. As these results are not correlated with the internal symptoms of vascular wilt, it is not evident to deduce tolerance of the progeny solely based on F.o.e effects on the growth traits. There was a positive and significant correlation (r = 0.67, P<0.05) between the index of Fusarium (IF) and the disease severity, between the IF and disease incidence (r = 0.85, P< 0.01). However, the correlation between the IF and seedling morphology was negative and not significant (r = - 0.17, P> 0.05). The morphological parameters of T3N and T5N genotypes initially known to be susceptible to Fusarium wilt were the most affected (19.05% and 13.33% respectively) of the inoculated seedlings compared to control seedlings. T1N initially known to be susceptible here manifested signs of tolerance confirming the observations made on internal symptoms. Moreover, T3F, T2F and T1F progenies recorded an IF<100 and have also been morphologically more efficient thus confirming their Fusarium tolerance status. These results may serve as a pre-diagnostic index of Fusarium wilt in oil palm.Keywords: Elaeis guineensis, Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. elaeidis, growth parameters, hybrid genotypes, pre-nursery.

Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. elaeidis. [Descriptions of Fungi and Bacteria].

1992 ◽  
Author(s):  
D. Brayford
Keyword(s):  
Fusarium Oxysporum ◽  
Geographical Distribution ◽  
Contaminated Soil ◽  
Oil Palm ◽  
Ivory Coast ◽  
Plant Material ◽  
Elaeis Guineensis ◽  
Central Africa ◽  
Vascular Wilt ◽  
West And Central Africa

Abstract A description is provided for Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. elaeidis. Information is included on the disease caused by the organism, its transmission, geographical distribution, and hosts. HOSTS: Elaeis guineensis (Oil palm). May also infect E. oleifera, E. madagascariensis and E. melanococca. DISEASE: Vascular wilt. GEOGRAPHICAL DISTRIBUTION: West and central Africa: Cameroon, Congo, Ivory Coast, Nigeria, Zaire. Possibly Colombia. TRANSMISSION: Contaminated soil or plant material. Potentially by means of seed (52, 4182).

Fusarium oxysporum f.sp. elaeidis. [Descriptions of Fungi and Bacteria].

1970 ◽  
Author(s):  
P. Holliday
Keyword(s):  
Fusarium Oxysporum ◽  
Geographical Distribution ◽  
Oil Palm ◽  
Vascular Tissue ◽  
Elaeis Guineensis ◽  
Vascular Wilt ◽  
Soil P ◽  
Acute Form ◽  
Leaf Necrosis ◽  
Internal Necrosis

Abstract A description is provided for Fusarium oxysporum f.sp. elaeidis. Information is included on the disease caused by the organism, its transmission, geographical distribution, and hosts. HOSTS: Elaeis guineensis. DISEASE: A vascular wilt of the oil palm was first reported from Africa (26: 103; 28: 124). In young palms the first symptom is an extensive chlorosis in some of the central leaves (4th-15th). This is followed by leaf necrosis (giving a flat-topped appearance) and death within a year. In mature palms leaf wilt and necrosis and breaking of the rachis may be rapid, causing death in a few months (acute form). But in the chronic form the progressive dying of the crown inwards may be very slow with new, though smaller, leaves being produced. The vascular tissue in roots and stems becomes orange, darkening progressively to black. It is very characteristic of the disease that the internal necrosis is restricted to the xylem region. Elaeis madagascariensis and E. melanococca have also been found to be affected (37: 52). GEOGRAPHICAL DISTRIBUTION: First found in the Congo, then later in Nigeria (27: 523), Cameroon (40: 148) and Colombia (46, 3389). TRANSMISSION: Presumably through soil.

scholarly journals Control Approaches against Vascular Wilt Disease of Elaeis guineensis Jacq. Caused by Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. elaeidis.

2012 ◽  
Vol 3 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Godswill Ntsomboh Ntsefong ◽  
G. F. Ngando Ebongue ◽  
Koona Paul ◽  
Bell Joseph Martin ◽  
Youmbi Emmanuel ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Fusarium Oxysporum ◽  
Palm Oil ◽  
Oil Palm ◽  
Plant Material ◽  
Elaeis Guineensis ◽  
Wilt Disease ◽  
Vascular Wilt ◽  
Resistant Plant ◽  
Elaeis Guineensis Jacq ◽  
Vascular Wilt Disease

The oil palm, Elaeis guineensis Jacq., is the most important and highest oil yielding crop in the world. Two types of oils are produced from its fruits, crude palm oil (CPO) and palm kernel oil (PKO). Palm oil is used for food purposes, oleo-chemicals, pharmaceutical purposes, health supplement and as a source of biofuel. Among the various challenges faced by farmers of this crop are diseases like Ganoderma (common in Asia), bud rot (Latin America) and vascular wilt (Africa) that affect growth and reduce oil yields. Vascular wilt caused by Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. elaeidis results in serious damages on oil palm culture in Africa. Various methods of control which have been tried against the disease are: selection of resistant or tolerant plant material, soil renewal, chemical control, stimulation of defense reactions, and the use of cover crop and potassium (K) fertilizer. The only most feasible and eco-friendly control method presently considered to be most effective against the disease is research for resistant plant material through artificial inoculation of plantlets in the pre-nursery with pathogenic fungus. Selection is based on the sensitivity of oil palm strains to the fungal inoculum. The present review outlines the importance of oil palm and the various approaches to fight against vascular wilt disease, with emphasis on biological control by the use of resistant plant material.

scholarly journals EFFECT OF MICRONUTRIENTS-ENRICHED FERTILIZERS ON BASAL STEM ROT DISEASE INCIDENCE AND SEVERITY ON OIL PALM (ELAEIS GUINEENSIS JACQ.) SEEDLINGS

2014 ◽  
Vol 11 (10) ◽  
pp. 1841-1859 ◽  
Author(s):  
Fabien Fonguimgo Tengoua ◽  
Mohamed M. Hanafi ◽  
A. S. Idris ◽  
Kadir Jugah ◽  
Jamaludin Nurul Mayziatul Azwa ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Oil Palm ◽  
Elaeis Guineensis ◽  
Disease Incidence ◽  
Stem Rot ◽  
Basal Stem Rot ◽  
Rot Disease

scholarly journals Respons Pertumbuhan Bibit Kelapa Sawit (Elaeis guineensis Jacq.) terhadap Pemberian Pupuk Organik Asal Pelepah Kelapa Sawit dan Pupuk Majemuk NPK

Agrikultura ◽  
2017 ◽  
Vol 28 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Mira Ariyanti ◽  
Gita Natali ◽  
Cucu Suherman
Keyword(s):  
Oil Palm ◽  
Elaeis Guineensis ◽  
Block Design ◽  
Organic Fertilizer ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
Organic Fertilizers ◽  
Compound Fertilizer ◽  
Elaeis Guineensis Jacq ◽  
Four Levels ◽  
Palm Fronds

ABSTRACTThe growth response of oil palm (Elaeis Guineensis Jacq.) seedling toward the application of organic fertilizer from palm fronds and NPK compound fertilizerThe research was aimed to study the influence between organic fertilizers from palm fronds and NPK compound fertilizer to reduce NPK compound fertilizer in main nursery. The experiment was conducted from January to April 2017 at the Experiment Station Ciparanje, Faculty of Agriculture, Universitas Padjadjaran. The experimental design used was Randomized Block Design that arranged in factorial patterns with two factors and three replications. The fisrt factor was dosage of organic fertilizers from palm fronds consisted of three levels of 0 g/polybag, 800 g/polybag, and 1600 g/polybag and the second factor was dosage of NPK compound fertilizer consisted of four levels of 0 g/polybag, 20 g/polybag, 40 g/polybag, and 60 g/polybag. The result of the experiment showed that there was interaction effect between organic fertilizers from palm fronds and NPK compound fertilizer on height of seedling and dry weight of the shoot. The dosage of 1600 g/polybag organic fertilizers from palm fronds with the dosage of 20 g/polybag NPK compound fertilizer showed the best result in dry weight of the shoot.Keywords: Oil palm seedling, Main nursery, Organic fertilizer, Palm frond, NPK compound fertilizerABSTRAKPenelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui pengaruh interaksi antara pupuk organik asal pelepah kelapa sawit dengan pupuk majemuk NPK yang baik untuk mengurangi penggunaan pupuk majemuk NPK di pembibitan utama kelapa sawit. Percobaan dilaksanakan dari bulan Januari sampai dengan April 2017 di Kebun Percobaan Ciparanje, Fakultas , Universitas Padjadjaran. Rancangan percobaan yang digunakan adalah Rancangan Acak Kelompok dengan pola faktorial yang diulang sebanyak tiga kali. Faktor pertama meliputi dosis pupuk organik asal pelepah kelapa sawit terdiri dari tiga taraf yaitu 0 g/polybag, 800 g/polybag, dan 1600 g/polybag dan faktor kedua dosis pupuk majemuk NPK yang terdiri empat taraf yaitu 0 g/polybag, 20 g/polybag, 40 g/polybag, dan 60 g/polybag. Hasil percobaan menunjukkan bahwa terdapat pengaruh interaksi pupuk organik asal pelepah kelapa sawit dengan pupuk majemuk NPK terhadap tinggi tanaman dan bobot kering tajuk. Perlakuan pupuk organik asal pelepah kelapa sawit 1600 g/bibit dengan pupuk majemuk NPK 20 g/bibit menghasilkan bobot kering tajuk bibit kelapa sawit terbaik.Kata Kunci: Bibit kelapa sawit, Pembibitan utama, Pupuk organik, Pelepah kelapa sawit, NPK

Mating-type genes control sexual reproduction, conidial germination and virulence in Cochliobolus lunatus

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kexin Liu ◽  
Jiaqi Jia ◽  
Nan Chen ◽  
Dandan Fu ◽  
Jiaying Sun ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Mating Type ◽  
Pathogenic Fungus ◽  
Germination Rate ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
Single Copy ◽  
Conidial Germination ◽  
Curvularia Lunata ◽  
Wild Type ◽  
Cochliobolus Lunatus ◽  
Mat Genes

Cochliobolus lunatus (anamorph: Curvularia lunata) is a major pathogenic fungus that causes the Curvularia leaf spot of maize. ClMAT1-1-1 and ClMAT1-2-1, the C. lunatus orthologs of Cochliobolus heterostrophus ChMAT1-1-1 and ChMAT1-2-1, were investigated in the present study to uncover their functions in C. lunatus. Southern blot analysis showed that these mating-type MAT genes exist in the C. lunatus genome as a single copy. ClMAT1-1-1 and ClMAT1-2-1 were knocked out and complemented to generate ΔClmat1-1-1 and ΔClmat1-2-1, ΔClmat1-1-1-C and ΔClmat1-2-1-C, respectively. The mutant strains had defective sexual development and failed to produce pseudothecia. There were no significant differences in growth rate or conidia production between the mutant and wild-type strains. However, the aerial mycelia and mycelial dry weight of ΔClmat1-1-1 and ΔClmat1-2-1 were lower than that of wild type, suggesting that MAT genes affect asexual development. ClMAT genes were involved in the responses to cell wall integrity and osmotic adaptation. ΔClmat1-2-1 had a lower conidial germination rate than the wild-type strain CX-3. The virulence of ΔClmat1-2-1 and ΔClmat1-1-1 was also reduced compared to the wild type. Complementary strains could restore all the phenotypes.

scholarly journals Physiological Responses to the Foliar Application of Synthetic Resistance Elicitors in Cape Gooseberry Seedlings Infected with Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. physali

Plants ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 9 (2) ◽  
pp. 176
Author(s):  
Cristhian C. Chávez-Arias ◽  
Sandra Gómez-Caro ◽  
Hermann Restrepo-Díaz
Keyword(s):  
Stomatal Conductance ◽  
Fusarium Oxysporum ◽  
Foliar Application ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
Carotenoid Content ◽  
Limiting Factor ◽  
Vascular Wilt ◽  
Potential Growth ◽  
Disease Progress ◽  
Cape Gooseberry

Vascular wilt caused by Fusarium oxysporum is the most limiting disease that affects cape gooseberry (Physalis peruviana L.) crops in Colombia. The use of synthetic elicitors for vascular wilt management is still scarce in Andean fruit species. The objective of the present study was to evaluate the effect and number of foliar applications of synthetic elicitors such as jasmonic acid (JA), salicylic acid (SA), brassinosteroids (BR), or a commercial resistance elicitor based on botanical extracts (BE) on disease progress and their effect on the physiology of cape gooseberry plants inoculated with F. oxysporum f. sp. physali. Groups of ten plants were separately sprayed once, twice, or three times with a foliar synthetic elicitor, respectively. Elicitor applications were performed at the following concentrations: JA (10 mL L−1), SA (100 mg L−1), BR (1 mL L−1) and BE (2.5 mL of commercial product (Loker®) L−1). The results showed that three foliar BR, SA, or BE applications reduced the area under the disease progress, severity index, and vascular browning in comparison to inoculated plants without any elicitor spray. Three BR, SA, or BE sprays also favored stomatal conductance, water potential, growth (total dry weight and leaf area) and fluorescence parameters of chlorophyll compared with inoculated and untreated plants with no elicitor sprays. Three foliar sprays of SA, BR, or BE enhanced photosynthetic pigments (leaf total chlorophyll and carotenoid content) and proline synthesis and decreased oxidative stress in Foph-inoculated plants. In addition, the effectiveness of three foliar BR, SA, or BE sprays was corroborated by three-dimensional plot and biplot analysis, in which it can evidence that stomatal conductance, proline synthesis, and efficacy percentage were accurate parameters to predict Foph management. On the hand, JA showed the lowest level of amelioration of the negative effects of Foph inoculation. In conclusion, the use of the synthetic elicitors BR, SA, or BE can be considered as a tool complementary for the commercial management of vascular wilt in areas where this disease is a limiting factor.

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