scholarly journals A 3-Stage Treatment System For Domestic Wastewater: Part II. Performance Evaluation

2013 ◽  
Vol 4 (1) ◽  
pp. 26-33
Author(s):  
Oon Y.W. ◽  
Law P.L. ◽  
Ting S.N. ◽  
Tang F.E.
Keyword(s):  
Free Surface ◽  
Surface Water ◽  
Biochemical Oxygen Demand ◽  
Oxygen Demand ◽  
Pistia Stratiotes ◽  
Performance Tests ◽  
Ammoniacal Nitrogen ◽  
Mixed Flow ◽  
In Series ◽  
Wetland System

A 3-stage micro-scale wastewater treatment system that consisted of 1) a spiral-framed human hair-based filter, 2) a plastic medium mixed flow biotower, and 3) a free surface water wetland system filled with Pistia Stratiotes (water lettuce) operating in series was recently developed and performance tests were conducted.  Performance tests were carried out to determine the efficiencies of the system for removal of physically emulsified and free oils, organic matters such as biochemical oxygen demand, ammoniacal-nitrogen, suspended solids,and nutrients such as nitrogen, phosphorous, and potassium from semi-synthetic wastewaters.  From this study, it was found that the human hair-based filter could retain approximately 73.5% of physically emulsified oils, while the mixed flow biotower was capable of reducing approximately 35.0% biochemical oxygen demand, 57.4% ammoniacal-nitrogen, 51.8% nitrogen, 13.4% phosphorus, 21.8% potassium, and 21.9% reduction in turbidity.  The Pistia Stratiotes-based free surface water wetland was found to remove approximately 24.1% biochemical oxygen demand, 30.6% ammoniacal-nitrogen, 38.0% nitrogen, 41.5% phosphorus, 46.7% potassium and 31.7% reduction in turbidity.  When the mixed flow biotower and  free surface water wetland system were to operate in series, the combined removal efficiencies were approximately 59.2% for biochemical oxygen demand, 87.9% for ammoniacal-nitrogen, 90.6% for nitrogen, 54.9% for phosphorus, 68.5% for potassium, and 59.0% reduction in turbidity. Experimental data also showed that daily uptake rates (mg/kg-day) of organics and nutrients by per kilogram of Pistia Stratiotes were approximately 1,731 mg for biochemical oxygen demand, 1,015 mg for ammoniacal-nitrogen, 1,206 mg for nitrogen, 1,468 mg for phosphorus, and 5,431 mg for potassium. 

scholarly journals A 3-Stage Treatment System For Domestic Wastewater: Part I. Development

2013 ◽  
Vol 4 (1) ◽  
pp. 13-25
Author(s):  
Oon Y.W. ◽  
Law P.L. ◽  
Ting S.N. ◽  
Tang F.E.
Keyword(s):  
Free Surface ◽  
Surface Water ◽  
Biochemical Oxygen Demand ◽  
Human Hair ◽  
Oxygen Demand ◽  
Pistia Stratiotes ◽  
Ammoniacal Nitrogen ◽  
Plastic Medium ◽  
Mixed Flow ◽  
Wetland System

This study presents the development of a micro-scaled 3-stage wastewater treatment system applicable to small volume domestic effluents. The primary components of the system include 1) Spiral-Framed Human Hair-Based Filter, 2) Plastic Medium Mixed Flow Biotower, and 3) Pistia Stratiotes-Based Free Surface Water Wetland System. The first stage Spiral-Framed Human Hair-Based Filter consists of an oil and grease removal apparatus filled with human hair blocks and operated in a spiral plane aimed at removing emulsified oils from wastewater. The process is followed by a second stage Plastic Medium Mixed Flow Biotower filled with perforated cylindrical plastic tubes in horizontal and vertical arrangements to provide alternate vertical and cross flows for removal of suspended solids, ammoniacal-nitrogen, and biochemical oxygen demand. The effluent would then be channelled to the free surface water wetland system (third stage) filled with Pistia Stratiotes (water lettuce) for removal of nutrients such as nitrogen, phosphorus, and potassium from wastewater. From this study, it was found that Human Hair-Based Filter could remove 73.54% emulsified oils from wastewater, while the combined removal efficiencies of Plastic Medium Mixed Flow Biotower and Free Surface Water wetland system operated in series recorded 59.2% biochemical oxygen demand, 87.9% ammoniacal-nitrogen, 90.6% nitrogen, 54.9% phosphorous, 68.5% potassium, and 59.0% turbidity.

scholarly journals Comparison of Pistia Stratiotes and Lemna Minor Plants Potentials in Bioremediation of Domestic Wastewater

2021 ◽  
Vol 82 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Hauwa Mohammed Mustafa ◽  
Dr Gasim Hayder
Keyword(s):  
Lemna Minor ◽  
Research Work ◽  
Oxygen Demand ◽  
Domestic Wastewater ◽  
Quality Parameters ◽  
Pistia Stratiotes ◽  
Wastewater Sample ◽  
Ammoniacal Nitrogen ◽  
Treated Water ◽  
Reduction Efficiency

Phytoremediation is an eco-friendly and cost-effective biotechnological method of wastewater treatment that involves the use of plants. In this research work, the potentials of Pistia stratiotes and Lemna minor aquatic plants in treatment of wastewater was examined. The two plants were cultivated in the wastewater sample for a period of 10 days. Water quality parameters (turbidity, chemical oxygen demand (COD), phosphate, ammoniacal nitrogen and nitrate) tests was subjected on the untreated (influent) and treated water (effluent) samples at a detention time of 24 hours. The outcome of the analysis demonstrates that P. stratiotes effluent achieved a reduction efficiency of up to 91.9%, 68%, 79.6%, and 71% for turbidity, phosphate, ammoniacal nitrogen and nitrate, respectively. Whereas for L. minor treated water samples, the highest reduction efficiency for turbidity, COD, phosphate, ammoniacal nitrogen and nitrate was found to be 87.2%, 46%, 48.7%, 83% and 56%, respectively. Hence, the overall outcome obtained indicate that P. stratiotes performed better in improving the quality of domestic wastewater compared to L. minor plants.

Some Physiochemical and Heavy Metal Concentration in Surface Water Streams of Tutuka in the Kenyasi Mining Catchment Area

2013 ◽  
Author(s):  
Louis Boateng
Keyword(s):  
Heavy Metal ◽  
Surface Water ◽  
Metal Concentration ◽  
Water Use ◽  
Biochemical Oxygen Demand ◽  
Catchment Area ◽  
Oxygen Demand ◽  
Heavy Metal Concentration ◽  
The People ◽  
Brong Ahafo Region

This research was conducted in the Akantansu stream of Tutuka in Kenyasi in the Brong Ahafo Region of Ghana in the months of October and November 2010 and January 2011. The major objectives of the study were to measure levels of pH, BOD (biochemical oxygen demand), lead, chromium, and arsenic in the Akantansu stream of Tutuka and to find ways that the community could ensure safe water use. To achieve the objectives of the study, sampling was done over a period of three months and data was collected and analyzed into graphs and ANOVA tables. The research revealed that the levels of arsenic and BOD were high as compared to the standards of WHO and EPA. If the people of Tutuka continue to use the stream, they may experience negative health effects (e.g., nausea, vomiting, diarrhea, etc.). The level of pH, chromium and lead was acceptable as compared to the standard of WHO and EPA.

scholarly journals Assessment of surface water physico-chemical parameters of Yardantsi Reservoir, Gusau Nigeria

2018 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
pp. 183-188
Author(s):  
A.M. Jabbi ◽  
Z.R. Sani ◽  
A.T. Rabiu ◽  
M.L. Balarabe ◽  
A.K. Adamu
Keyword(s):  
Electrical Conductivity ◽  
Seasonal Variation ◽  
Surface Water ◽  
Dissolved Oxygen ◽  
Biochemical Oxygen Demand ◽  
Oxygen Demand ◽  
World Health ◽  
Chemical Parameters ◽  
Physico Chemical ◽  
Significant Seasonal Variation

The Yardantsi Reservoir, Gusau Nigeria serves multitude of purposes for the Gusau populace. It is the main source of water for domestic purpose, irrigation, and fishing. The reservoir receives both organic and inorganic waste through runoffs and seepage from the catchment areas. The physico- chemical parameters of the surface water were investigated monthly from May, 2015 to April, 2017. Samples were collected from five sampling stations and analyzed using standard procedures for examination of water and waste water. The data obtained was subjected to multivariate analysis using Microsoft office excels and SPSS. The results showed the following mean seasonal variation of surface water temperature (26.62±0.34– 30.12±0.17ᴼC),transparency (48.82±1.08- 22.07±0.87cm), mean depth (2.12±0.05-2.65±0.04m), pH (7.61±0.15-7.96±0.13), electrical conductivity (186.32±3.84- 108.05±5.43µS/cm), total dissolved solids (96.00±1.95- 63.70±3.68mg/L), dissolved oxygen (7.80±0.11-6.91±0.10mg/L), biochemical oxygen demand (2.71±0.09-2.48±0.05mg/L), alkalinity (40.57±0.69–27.87±0.51mg/L), hardness (59.20±1.01– 32.18±0.94mg/L), NO3-N (2.28±0.08-4.44±0.07mg/L), PO4-P (123.72±1.44-173.48 ± 2.78 mg/L), sulphate (31.62±1.45-71.80±1.82mg/L)  and chloride (74.08±1.67- 37.64±0.96mg/L) for dry and rainy seasons respectively. The results revealed that a highly significant seasonal variation (p<0.01) was exhibited in all parameters with the exception of pH which shows no significant seasonal variation (p>0.05) and biochemical oxygen demand, which shows a significant seasonal variation (p<0.05). The results of this survey showed that the parameters observed indicated that most of them fall within the recommended range set by World Health Organization (WHO) and Nigerian Standard for Drinking Water Quality (NSDWQ).Keywords: Dissolved oxygen, electrical conductivity, pH, reservoir, temperature

scholarly journals Demonstration study of biofilm reactor based rapid biochemical oxygen demand determination of surface water

2016 ◽  
Vol 8 ◽  
pp. 8-13 ◽  
Author(s):  
Changyu Liu ◽  
Zhonghao Li ◽  
Dongmin Jiang ◽  
Jianbo Jia ◽  
Yu Zhang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Surface Water ◽  
Biochemical Oxygen Demand ◽  
Oxygen Demand ◽  
Biofilm Reactor

scholarly journals A Mathematical Model for the Removal of Organic Mater in Stabilization Ponds

2002 ◽  
Vol 45 (1) ◽  
pp. 89-95 ◽  
Author(s):  
Waldir Medri ◽  
Vandir Medri
Keyword(s):  
Mathematical Model ◽  
Chemical Oxygen Demand ◽  
Acid Medium ◽  
Biochemical Oxygen Demand ◽  
Oxygen Demand ◽  
Domestic Sewage ◽  
Treatment System ◽  
Total Coliforms ◽  
Total Solids ◽  
In Series

This work presents an application to systemize the construction of ponds systems for treatment of domestic sewage. It consisted of two anaerobic ponds operated in parallel during May/97 to April/99. These were connected in series with a chicaned facultative pond. The treatment system was controlled with samples collected from the crude sewage (compound sample), in the affluents and effluents of the ponds and along the flux of the anaerobic and facultative ponds. The following parameters were analyzed: pH, Biochemical Oxygen Demand, Chemical Oxygen Demand, Total Solids, Sedimentable Solids, Total Coliforms, Oxygen Consumed in Acid Medium (OCAM) and temperature.

scholarly journals Surface Water Quality: Occurrence and Determination of Bisphenol A in Sungai Langat

2018 ◽  
Vol 2 (6) ◽  
pp. 24-29
Author(s):  
Keyword(s):  
Water Quality ◽  
Surface Water ◽  
Bisphenol A ◽  
Chemical Oxygen Demand ◽  
Biochemical Oxygen Demand ◽  
Oxygen Demand ◽  
Total Suspended Solid ◽  
Ammonia Nitrogen ◽  
Suspended Solid ◽  
Quality Parameters

Rivers as surface water in Malaysia are recipients of effluents and wastewater and yet it is important water source for daily uses of some villagers living along the river. Endocrine disruptors such as Bisphenol A (BPA) can be found in river due to continuous discharge into it. The objectives of this research is to find out the occurrence and concentration of BPA in Sungai Langat and also to see how water quality parameters such as temperature, pH, dissolved oxygen (DO ), turbidity, Total Suspended Solid (TSS), Biochemical Oxygen Demand (BOD), Chemical Oxygen Demand (COD) and ammonia nitrogen (AN) affecting the concentration of BPA. 12 stations in total including upstream to downstream of Sungai Langat and also tributary of Sungai Langat. The instrument used to find out concentration of BPA is Triple Quadrupole LC/MS. The source of BPA are mainly industrial effluents and also direct domestic discharges. The water quality parameters that will affect concentration of BPA are Ammonia Nitrogen (AN), turbidity, Biochemical Oxygen Demand (BOD), Total Suspended Solid (TSS), and Chemical Oxygen Demand (COD), Dissolved Oxygen (DO). While pH and water temperature are also factors that will affect concentration of BPA but the significance is not shown in the analysis. It can be concluded that u pstream of Sungai Langat has lower concentration of BPA than downstream.

Specialization of Biochemical Oxygen Demand for Surface Water and Wastewater

2011 ◽  
Vol 11 (13) ◽  
pp. 2460-2463 ◽  
Author(s):  
A.N. Norizan ◽  
Z.Z. Abdul Rahm ◽  
F.M. Nurul
Keyword(s):  
Surface Water ◽  
Biochemical Oxygen Demand ◽  
Oxygen Demand ◽  
Water And Wastewater
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