scholarly journals Comparison of Pistia Stratiotes and Lemna Minor Plants Potentials in Bioremediation of Domestic Wastewater

2021 ◽  
Vol 82 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Hauwa Mohammed Mustafa ◽  
Dr Gasim Hayder
Keyword(s):  
Lemna Minor ◽  
Research Work ◽  
Oxygen Demand ◽  
Domestic Wastewater ◽  
Quality Parameters ◽  
Pistia Stratiotes ◽  
Wastewater Sample ◽  
Ammoniacal Nitrogen ◽  
Treated Water ◽  
Reduction Efficiency

Phytoremediation is an eco-friendly and cost-effective biotechnological method of wastewater treatment that involves the use of plants. In this research work, the potentials of Pistia stratiotes and Lemna minor aquatic plants in treatment of wastewater was examined. The two plants were cultivated in the wastewater sample for a period of 10 days. Water quality parameters (turbidity, chemical oxygen demand (COD), phosphate, ammoniacal nitrogen and nitrate) tests was subjected on the untreated (influent) and treated water (effluent) samples at a detention time of 24 hours. The outcome of the analysis demonstrates that P. stratiotes effluent achieved a reduction efficiency of up to 91.9%, 68%, 79.6%, and 71% for turbidity, phosphate, ammoniacal nitrogen and nitrate, respectively. Whereas for L. minor treated water samples, the highest reduction efficiency for turbidity, COD, phosphate, ammoniacal nitrogen and nitrate was found to be 87.2%, 46%, 48.7%, 83% and 56%, respectively. Hence, the overall outcome obtained indicate that P. stratiotes performed better in improving the quality of domestic wastewater compared to L. minor plants.

scholarly journals Performance of Filterbeds and Macrophytes in Vertical Constructed Wetland for Treating Domestic Sewage Effluent

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Vanitha Thammaiah ◽  
Manjunatha Hebbara ◽  
Manjunatha Mudukapla Virupakshappa
Keyword(s):  
Constructed Wetland ◽  
Suspended Solids ◽  
Typha Latifolia ◽  
Oxygen Demand ◽  
Domestic Wastewater ◽  
Organic N ◽  
Sewage Effluent ◽  
Ammoniacal Nitrogen ◽  
Wetland Treatment ◽  
Nitrogen Phosphorus

Abstract An experiment with different filterbeds and macrophytes was carried-out to study their phytoremediation capacity on the efficiency of domestic wastewater treatment through constructed wetland (CW) during November to March, 2017-18 at University of Agricultural Sciences, Dharwad campus, Karnataka, India. Twenty treatment combinations involving five types of filterbeds (FB-1: gravel, FB-2: gravel-sand-gravel, FB-3: gavel-sand-brick-gravel, FB-4: gravel-sand-charcoal-gravel and FB-5: gravel-sand-(charcoal+brick)-gravel) and four macrophytes (MP-1: Typha latifolia, MP-2: Brachiaria mutica, MP-3: Canna indica and MP-4: Phragmites sps.) were evaluated for treating domestic wastewater. After 120 days from start, across treatment combinations, water electrical conductivity (EC), total dissolved and suspended solids (TDS-TSS), biological oxygen demand (BOD), chemical oxygen demand (COD), sodium, sodium adsorption ratio (SAR), residual sodium carbonate (RSC), bicarbonates, total nitrogen-phosphorus-potassium (N-P-K) and boron (B) were reduced by more than 40 per cent due to wetland treatment. The system enhanced the mineralization of organic nitrogen to ammoniacal nitrogen (NH4+-N) and nitrate nitrogen (NO3-N) fractions. Among filterbeds, Type-5 caused higher reduction in pH, EC, BOD, COD and Organic-N while, Type-4 proved efficient in removing total solids and lowering pH in the sewage effluent. The Type-3 filterbed removed more suspended solids, potassium and ammoniacal nitrogen. Among the macrophytes, Brachiaria (paragrass) removed more nitrogen and potassium while, Phragmites removed more nitrogen, phosphorus and boron. The flexibility of implementation allows the CW to be adapted to different sites with different configurations, being suitable as main, secondary or tertiary treatment stage.

Comparative study of membrane bioreactor (MBR) and activated sludge processes in the treatment of Moroccan domestic wastewater

2018 ◽  
Vol 78 (5) ◽  
pp. 1129-1136 ◽  
Author(s):  
S. Kitanou ◽  
M. Tahri ◽  
B. Bachiri ◽  
M. Mahi ◽  
M. Hafsi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Activated Sludge ◽  
Membrane Bioreactor ◽  
Ceramic Membrane ◽  
Oxygen Demand ◽  
Domestic Wastewater ◽  
Pilot Scale ◽  
Quality Parameters ◽  
Effluent Quality ◽  
Conventional Activated Sludge ◽  
Activated Sludge Processes

Abstract The study was based on an external pilot-scale membrane bioreactor (MBR) with a ceramic membrane compared to a conventional activated sludge process (ASP) plant. Both systems received their influent from domestic wastewater. The MBR produced an effluent of much better quality than the ASP in terms of total suspended solids (TSS), 5-day biological oxygen demand (BOD5) and chemical oxygen demand (COD), total phosphorus (TP) and total nitrogen (TN). Other effluent quality parameters also indicated substantial differences between the ASP and the MBR. This study leads to the conclusion that in the case of domestic wastewater, MBR treatment leads to excellent effluent quality. Hence, the replacement of ASP by MBR may be justified on the basis of the improved removal of solids, nutrients, and micropollutants. Furthermore, in terms of reuse the high quality of the treated water allows it to be reused for irrigation.

scholarly journals Evaluation of Ageratum conyzoides in field scale constructed wetlands (CWs) for domestic wastewater treatment

2017 ◽  
Vol 75 (10) ◽  
pp. 2268-2280 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. S. Tilak ◽  
Suhas P. Wani ◽  
A. Datta ◽  
M. D. Patil ◽  
M. Kaushal ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Constructed Wetlands ◽  
Subsurface Flow ◽  
Typha Latifolia ◽  
Oxygen Demand ◽  
Domestic Wastewater ◽  
Fecal Coliforms ◽  
Pistia Stratiotes ◽  
Field Scale ◽  
Ageratum Conyzoides ◽  
Canna Indica

Ageratum conyzoides were evaluated in field scale subsurface flow constructed wetlands (CWs) to quantify its nitrogen (N) and phosphorus (P) uptake and compare with wetland plants (Pistia stratiotes, Typha latifolia and Canna indica). The two-field scale subsurface flow CWs, located in the International Crops Research Institute for Semi-Arid Tropics, received wastewater from an urban colony. The CW1 and CW2 had the same dimensions (length:10 m, width:3 m, total depth:1.5 m and sand and gravel:1 m), similar flow rates (3 m3/d), hydraulic loading rates (HLRs-10 cm/d) and hydraulic retention time (HRT-5 days) from July 2014–August 2015. The vegetation in both CWs consisted of Pistia stratiotes, Typha latifolia, Canna indica, and Ageratum conyzoides, respectively. The CW1 (% reduction with respect to concentrations) reduced total suspended solids (TSS) (68%), NH4-N (26%), NO3-N (30%), soluble reactive P (SRP) (20%), chemical oxygen demand (COD) (45%) and fecal coliforms (71%), while the CW2 (%-reduction with respect to concentrations) reduced TSS (63%), NH4-N (32%), NO3-N (26%), SRP (35%), COD (39%) and fecal coliforms (70%). Ageratum conyzoides can be used in combination with Pistia stratiotes, Typha latifolia and Canna indica to enhance removal of excessive N, P and fecal coliforms from domestic wastewater.

Removal of Suspended Solids, Chemical Oxygen Demand and Color from Domestic Wastewater Using Sago Starch as Coagulant

2015 ◽  
Vol 802 ◽  
pp. 519-524
Author(s):  
Wan Izatul Saadiah Wan Kamar ◽  
Hamidi Abdul Aziz ◽  
Siti Fatihah Ramli
Keyword(s):  
Chemical Oxygen Demand ◽  
Suspended Solids ◽  
Sewage Treatment Plant ◽  
Oxygen Demand ◽  
Domestic Wastewater ◽  
Operating Conditions ◽  
Wastewater Sample ◽  
Sago Starch ◽  
Rapid Mixing ◽  
Slow Mixing

Sago starch has been widely used in industrial fields, especially in food, non-food, and animal feed biotechnology. Malaysia is one of the highest local sources of sago starch. The alternative use of sago starch as a coagulant for domestic wastewater treatment was investigated in this study. The wastewater sample was collected from the Juru Regional Sewage Treatment Plant in Juru, Penang. The studied parameters include the chemical oxygen demand (COD), suspended solids, and color. Standard jar test procedures were conducted. The initial operating conditions were 200 rpm for 3 min of rapid mixing, 40 rpm for 30 min of slow mixing, and 30 min of settling. The optimum conditions included a pH of 7 and dosage of 2000 mg/L, with rapid mixing at 100 rpm for 1 min, slow mixing at 20 rpm for 30 min, and 18 min of settling. The removal rate of COD and color at these conditions was 70%. Simultaneously, 82% of SS was also removed. The results indicated that sago starch has good potential to treat domestic wastewater; the coagulant may also efficiently treat other types of wastewater.

scholarly journals The purification of wastewater on a small scale by using plants and sand filter

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (4) ◽  
Author(s):  
Geeta Saini ◽  
Shweta Kalra ◽  
Urminder Kaur
Keyword(s):  
Dissolved Oxygen ◽  
Metal Ions ◽  
Chemical Oxygen Demand ◽  
Treatment Plant ◽  
Typha Latifolia ◽  
Oxygen Demand ◽  
Cost Effective ◽  
Quality Parameters ◽  
Small Scale ◽  
Treated Water

AbstractThe canteen and laboratory of every academic organization need a lot of clean water, and it generates equivalent amount of wastewater every hour which is neither purified nor reused. Due to water scarcity, the recycling and reusing of wastewater become very essential. The present study describes the simple and cost-effective method for the design of a small-scale wastewater treatment plant for the purification of wastewater generated by household, canteen and laboratory of an academic institute. The current study explored the process of phytoremediation by Typha latifolia L. and Canna indica L. for removal of metal ions and phosphate ions from the wastewater. The partially treated water after phytoremediation was further purified by sand filtration. The various water quality parameters (pH, hardness, dissolved oxygen, chemical oxygen demand, turbidity, total dissolved solids and metal ions) of the treated and untreated water were analyzed. It was observed that there are significant reduction in hardness, turbidity and chemical oxygen demand and increase in dissolved oxygen value. The treated water can be reused for various household works and agriculture.

scholarly journals Multivariate statistical approaches to benthic macroinvertebrates and water quality for farming impact assessment in Selangor River, Malaysia

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nadeesha Dilani Hettige ◽  
Rohasliney Binti Hashim ◽  
Zulfa Hanan Ash’aari ◽  
Ahmad Abas Kutty ◽  
Nor Rohaizah Jamil
Keyword(s):  
Water Quality ◽  
Benthic Macroinvertebrates ◽  
Oxygen Demand ◽  
Fish Farming ◽  
Quality Parameters ◽  
Water Quality Parameters ◽  
Ammoniacal Nitrogen ◽  
Fish Farms ◽  
Organic Contamination ◽  
Multivariate Statistical

Abstract This study examined the influence of fish farming activities on water quality and benthic macroinvertebrates at the Rawang sub-basin of Selangor River. Multivariate statistical techniques were used to determine major influencing water quality parameters causing organic contamination and the dominant pollution-tolerant benthic macroinvertebrates. Sampling was conducted at Guntong River (SR1), Guntong River’s tributary (SR2, the control site), Kuang River (SR3 and SR6), Gong River (SR4), and Serendah River (SR5) using random sampling techniques based on accessibility and proximity to fish farms. Benthic macroinvertebrates and water samples were collected from April 2019 to March 2020. Based on the principal components analysis (PCA), electrical conductivity (EC), dissolved oxygen (DO), biochemical oxygen demand (BOD), chemical oxygen demand (COD), ammoniacal-nitrogen, and total suspended solids (TSS) were major water quality parameters influenced by fish farming activities. The Canonical Correspondence Analysis (CCA) revealed that several taxa of benthic macroinvertebrates (Chironomidae, Naididae, Lumbriculidae, Tubificidae, unidentified Oligochaeta, Leeches (Helobdella sp.), Planorbidae, and some Odonata) were moderately or highly sensitive to TSS, BOD, COD, turbidity, ammoniacal-nitrogen, and EC. These taxa were dominant in the sampling sites, which were close to fish farms. Findings in this study showed that fish farming activities impacted the water quality and benthic macroinvertebrates in this sub-basin.

scholarly journals A 3-Stage Treatment System For Domestic Wastewater: Part I. Development

2013 ◽  
Vol 4 (1) ◽  
pp. 13-25
Author(s):  
Oon Y.W. ◽  
Law P.L. ◽  
Ting S.N. ◽  
Tang F.E.
Keyword(s):  
Free Surface ◽  
Surface Water ◽  
Biochemical Oxygen Demand ◽  
Human Hair ◽  
Oxygen Demand ◽  
Pistia Stratiotes ◽  
Ammoniacal Nitrogen ◽  
Plastic Medium ◽  
Mixed Flow ◽  
Wetland System

This study presents the development of a micro-scaled 3-stage wastewater treatment system applicable to small volume domestic effluents. The primary components of the system include 1) Spiral-Framed Human Hair-Based Filter, 2) Plastic Medium Mixed Flow Biotower, and 3) Pistia Stratiotes-Based Free Surface Water Wetland System. The first stage Spiral-Framed Human Hair-Based Filter consists of an oil and grease removal apparatus filled with human hair blocks and operated in a spiral plane aimed at removing emulsified oils from wastewater. The process is followed by a second stage Plastic Medium Mixed Flow Biotower filled with perforated cylindrical plastic tubes in horizontal and vertical arrangements to provide alternate vertical and cross flows for removal of suspended solids, ammoniacal-nitrogen, and biochemical oxygen demand. The effluent would then be channelled to the free surface water wetland system (third stage) filled with Pistia Stratiotes (water lettuce) for removal of nutrients such as nitrogen, phosphorus, and potassium from wastewater. From this study, it was found that Human Hair-Based Filter could remove 73.54% emulsified oils from wastewater, while the combined removal efficiencies of Plastic Medium Mixed Flow Biotower and Free Surface Water wetland system operated in series recorded 59.2% biochemical oxygen demand, 87.9% ammoniacal-nitrogen, 90.6% nitrogen, 54.9% phosphorous, 68.5% potassium, and 59.0% turbidity.

scholarly journals Development of an Open Channel That Also Functions as a Wetland to Reduce Domestic Wastewater

2021 ◽  
Vol 930 (1) ◽  
pp. 012014
Author(s):  
Pungut ◽  
S Widyastuti ◽  
E Suhartanto
Keyword(s):  
Open Channel ◽  
Root Zone ◽  
Oxygen Demand ◽  
Domestic Wastewater ◽  
Coarse Sand ◽  
Pistia Stratiotes ◽  
Drainage Channel ◽  
Rainfall Runoff ◽  
Wastewater Pollution ◽  
Land Size

Abstract Besides accommodating rainfall-runoff, the drainage channel of the Dukuh Menanggal area in Surabaya also accommodates domestic wastewater. The objective of developing the function is to degrade domestic wastewater pollution that flows into the drainage channel. The wetland is applied in the drainage channel with coarse sand media, Caladium (Caladium), and Water lettuce (Pistia stratiotes L) plant according to land size planning based on existing discharge, detention time, the porosity of the planting medium, and the root zone of the applied plants. The observed properties of domestic wastewater were Chemical Oxygen Demand (COD), Biological Oxygen Demand (BOD), and detergents. The result is that the treatment of domestic wastewater passes through the artificial wetland in the drainage channel. The constructed wetland can reduce the contamination content of domestic wastewater for the parameters of BOD, COD, and detergents with efficiency levels of 46%, 61.8%, and 69%, respectively.

scholarly journals Performance of Pistia stratiotes, Salvinia molesta, and Eichhornia crassipes Aquatic Plants in the Tertiary Treatment of Domestic Wastewater with Varying Retention Times

2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (24) ◽  
pp. 9105
Author(s):  
Hauwa Mohammed Mustafa ◽  
Gasim Hayder
Keyword(s):  
Eichhornia Crassipes ◽  
Domestic Wastewater ◽  
Physicochemical Analysis ◽  
Pistia Stratiotes ◽  
Aquatic Weed ◽  
Ammoniacal Nitrogen ◽  
Tertiary Treatment ◽  
Salvinia Molesta ◽  
Hydroponic Systems ◽  
Wastewater Samples

Organic matter, nutrients, and chemicals are some of the waste materials found in most domestic wastewaters. The purpose of this research was to evaluate the potentials of Pistia stratiotes, Salvinia molesta, and Eichhornia crassipes aquatic weed plants in the tertiary treatment of secondary domestic wastewater using hydroponic systems. Physicochemical analysis that considered turbidity, phosphate, ammoniacal nitrogen, and nitrate was conducted on the wastewater samples at different retention times of 6, 12, and 24 h for 14 days. The best performance was observed for a 24 h retention treatment system, with up to 91% (P. stratiotes), 94% (S. molesta), and 89.3% (E. crassipes) reduction for turbidity; 81.2% (P. stratiotes), 82.7% (S. molesta), and 88.5% (E. crassipes) for phosphate reduction; 88.66% (P. stratiotes), 90.47% (S. molesta), and 89.11% (E. crassipes) for ammoniacal nitrogen reduction; 83.6% (P. stratiotes), 92.1% (S. molesta) and 93% (E. crassipes) for nitrate reduction. Hence, the application of hydroponic systems in cultivation of the macrophytes proved to be effective in the phytoremediation process by removing the residual nutrients present in the treated secondary domestic wastewater. Additionally, this method can be used for the cultivation of plant-based biomass and other non-edible useful crops using the free nutrients content of the wastewater before its discharge into the natural environment.

scholarly journals A 3-Stage Treatment System For Domestic Wastewater: Part II. Performance Evaluation

2013 ◽  
Vol 4 (1) ◽  
pp. 26-33
Author(s):  
Oon Y.W. ◽  
Law P.L. ◽  
Ting S.N. ◽  
Tang F.E.
Keyword(s):  
Free Surface ◽  
Surface Water ◽  
Biochemical Oxygen Demand ◽  
Oxygen Demand ◽  
Pistia Stratiotes ◽  
Performance Tests ◽  
Ammoniacal Nitrogen ◽  
Mixed Flow ◽  
In Series ◽  
Wetland System

A 3-stage micro-scale wastewater treatment system that consisted of 1) a spiral-framed human hair-based filter, 2) a plastic medium mixed flow biotower, and 3) a free surface water wetland system filled with Pistia Stratiotes (water lettuce) operating in series was recently developed and performance tests were conducted.  Performance tests were carried out to determine the efficiencies of the system for removal of physically emulsified and free oils, organic matters such as biochemical oxygen demand, ammoniacal-nitrogen, suspended solids,and nutrients such as nitrogen, phosphorous, and potassium from semi-synthetic wastewaters.  From this study, it was found that the human hair-based filter could retain approximately 73.5% of physically emulsified oils, while the mixed flow biotower was capable of reducing approximately 35.0% biochemical oxygen demand, 57.4% ammoniacal-nitrogen, 51.8% nitrogen, 13.4% phosphorus, 21.8% potassium, and 21.9% reduction in turbidity.  The Pistia Stratiotes-based free surface water wetland was found to remove approximately 24.1% biochemical oxygen demand, 30.6% ammoniacal-nitrogen, 38.0% nitrogen, 41.5% phosphorus, 46.7% potassium and 31.7% reduction in turbidity.  When the mixed flow biotower and  free surface water wetland system were to operate in series, the combined removal efficiencies were approximately 59.2% for biochemical oxygen demand, 87.9% for ammoniacal-nitrogen, 90.6% for nitrogen, 54.9% for phosphorus, 68.5% for potassium, and 59.0% reduction in turbidity. Experimental data also showed that daily uptake rates (mg/kg-day) of organics and nutrients by per kilogram of Pistia Stratiotes were approximately 1,731 mg for biochemical oxygen demand, 1,015 mg for ammoniacal-nitrogen, 1,206 mg for nitrogen, 1,468 mg for phosphorus, and 5,431 mg for potassium. 

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