scholarly journals Effect of Moldboard Plow Types on Soil Physical Properties Under Different Soil Moisture Content and Tractor Speed

2018 ◽  
Vol 31 (1) ◽  
pp. 48-58
Author(s):  
Aqeel J. Nassir
Keyword(s):  
Soil Moisture ◽  
Moisture Content ◽  
Physical Properties ◽  
Soil Moisture Content ◽  
Soil Physical Properties ◽  
Moldboard Plow

scholarly journals Effect of Moldboard Plow Types on Soil Physical Properties Under Different Soil Moisture Content and Tractor Speed

2018 ◽  
Vol 31 (1) ◽  
pp. 48-58
Author(s):  
Aqeel J. Nassir
Keyword(s):  
Soil Moisture ◽  
Moisture Content ◽  
Physical Properties ◽  
Bulk Density ◽  
Soil Moisture Content ◽  
Penetration Resistance ◽  
Soil Physical Properties ◽  
Soil Porosity ◽  
Soil Penetration Resistance ◽  
Moldboard Plow

An experiment was conducted in fields of Agriculture college, University  of Basrah. The experiment was designed with split-spilt plots in Complete Randomized Blocks Design Treatments included three types of moldboard plows: helical,  semi digger and general –purpose, three soil moisture content levels (10.23,16.47 and 24.68%), and four tractor speed of 0.41, 0.56, 0.86 and 1.21 m sec -1  . The soil  physical properties were determined after plowing soil by using three types of moldboard plow. The results showed that there was significant effect of moldboard plow types, soil moisture content and tractor speed on soil physical properties including bulk density, soil porosity, soil penetration resistance and pulverization ratio. Results also indicated that the effect of interaction among plow types, soil moisture content and tractor speed was significantly on soil penetration resistance and pulverization ratios while it had not significantly effect on bulk density, soil porosity. In general, soil physical properties, had been improved when using high tractor speed and moderate soil moisture content whereas optimal operation was obtained when using general-purpose plow type and  high tractor speed of 1.12 m sec -1 and soil moisture content of 16.47% where this combination gives low bulk density (0.96Mg m-3), high soil porosity (63.90%) high soil pulverization ratio (74%) and low soil penetration resistance (623.47 kN m-2).

scholarly journals Effect of amount and time of incorporation of forest litter on soil physical properties

2020 ◽  
Vol 15 (2) ◽  
pp. 68-74
Author(s):  
Paardensha Ivy Chinir ◽  
Manoj Dutta ◽  
Rizongba Kichu ◽  
Sewak Ram
Keyword(s):  
Soil Moisture ◽  
Moisture Content ◽  
Physical Properties ◽  
Soil Moisture Content ◽  
Particle Density ◽  
Forest Litter ◽  
Soil Physical Properties ◽  
Mean Weight Diameter ◽  
The Difference ◽  
Water Holding

A field experiment was conducted to evaluate the effect of forest litter and its time of incorporation on soil physical properties. The study showed that plots with forest litter incorporated at 45 DBS (Days Before Sowing) had significantly higher soil moisture content as compared to those incorporated at 30 DBS after 30 and 60 DAS. However, the difference in the time of incorporation had no significant effect on soil moisture content at 90 DAS. At 30 DAS, application of forest litter @ 6 t ha-1 and 9 t ha-1 significantly increased the soil moisture content at a rate of 4.11 and 11.42 per cent, respectively over control. At 60 DAS, application of forest litter @ 3 t ha-1, 6 t ha-1 and 9 t ha-1 significantly increased the soil moisture content at the rate of 15.05, 17.26 and 25.65 per cent, respectively over control. At 90 DAS, a trend was noticed which showed that soil moisture content significantly increased at a progressive rate with each increase in the dose of forest litter application. At 90 DAS, the addition of forest litter @ 3 t ha-1, 6 t ha-1and 9 t ha-1 increased the soil moisture content @ 10.16, 17.84 and 22.20 per cent, respectively over control. The plots with forest litter incorporated at 45 DBS had significantly higher hydraulic conductivity, per cent aggregates and mean weight diameter as compared to those incorporated at 30 DBS. However, the difference in the time of incorporation i.e., at 30 and 45 DBS had no significant effect on bulk density, particle density and water holding capacity. Incorporation of forest litter @ 3 t ha-1, 6 t ha-1 and 9 t ha-1 significantly decreased the bulk density at the rate of 3.67, 8.65 and 14.14 per cent; while particle density increased at the rate of 2.59, 3.42 and 6.61 per cent, respectively when compared to control. The addition of forest litter @ 3 t ha-1, 6 t ha-1 and 9 t ha-1 resulted in a significant increase in water holding capacity and hydraulic conductivity at a rate of 3.72, 4.65 and 6.77 per cent and 24.13, 32.30 and 41.73 per cent, respectively over control. Further, the application of forest litter @ 3t ha-1, 6 t ha-1 and 9 t ha-1 significantly increased the per cent aggregate and mean weight diameter of the soil @ 1.77, 3.49 and 6.58 per cent 17.31, 26.28 and 41.35 per cent, respectively over control. The study revealed that incorporating 9 t ha-1 of forest litter at 45 DBS had the most beneficial effect on soil physical properties.

scholarly journals Pengaruh Frekuensi Pengolahan Tanah dan Pupuk Kompos terhadap Sifat Fisik Tanah dan Hasil Jagung

2019 ◽  
Vol 9 (2) ◽  
pp. 154
Author(s):  
I PUTU DHARMA ◽  
I NYOMAN PUJA
Keyword(s):  
Soil Moisture ◽  
Moisture Content ◽  
Physical Properties ◽  
Bulk Density ◽  
Soil Moisture Content ◽  
Block Design ◽  
Soil Physical Properties ◽  
Soil Tillage ◽  
Corn Yield ◽  
No Tillage

The Effect of Soil Tillages Frequency and Compost Fertilizer on Soil Physical Properties and Corn Yields. The aims of this research is to determine of effect soil tillage frequency and compost fertilizer on soil physical properties and corn yields. The method was used a Randomized Block Design (RBD), factorial consisting of two factors, namely: Soil Tillages Frequency (T) consists of 3 levels, namely: T0 = no tillage; T1 = if one time and T2 = if twice. Compost Fertilizer (K) consists of 3 levels, namely: K0 = Without compost, K1 = 5 tons compost/ha and B2 = 10 tons compost/ha. Combination treatment into 9 treatments, namely T0K0 , T0K1, T0K2, T1K0, T1K1, T1K2, T2K0, T2K1, T2K2. and each treatment was repeated 3 times, so there were 27 research plots.The results showed that the soil tillage frequency and compost fertilizer had no significant effect on the soil physical properties and corn yields. Twice soil tillage frequency resulted bulk density, porosity, soil moisture content and dry corn yields respectively 1.01 g/cm3, 60.98%, 37.31% and 0.83 kg/m2, and not significant different compared with no tillage which is 1.03 g/cm3, 60.43%, 36.57% and 0.81 kg/m2. Addition of 10 tons compost/ha resulted bulk density, porosity, soil moisture content and dry corn yield respectively 0.99 g/cm3, 61.75%, 38.21% and 0.86 kg/m2, and not significant different compared with without compost fertilizer which is 1.06 g/cm3, 59.40%, 36.44% and 0.80 kg/m2.

scholarly journals Assessing the Potential of Biochar for Improving Soil Physical Properties and Tree Growth

2021 ◽  
Vol 2021 ◽  
pp. 1-12
Author(s):  
Riziki Mwadalu ◽  
Benson Mochoge ◽  
Benjamin Danga
Keyword(s):  
Soil Moisture ◽  
Moisture Content ◽  
Physical Properties ◽  
Bulk Density ◽  
Tree Growth ◽  
Untreated Control ◽  
Soil Moisture Content ◽  
Application Rate ◽  
Soil Physical Properties ◽  
Collar Diameter

The effect of biochar on tree growth and soil physical properties as indicated in literature is still outstanding. Information on the effect of biochar on tree growth is limited, and the available literature has recorded conflicting results. Therefore, a field experiment using Casuarina equisetifolia (Casuarina) as the test crop under different biochar rates was conducted. Four biochar rates (0, 2.5, 5.0, and 7.5 t ha−1) were used as treatments, each replicated three times. Generally, biochar-amended plots recorded higher Casuarina height, collar diameter, and diameter at breast height (DBH). The application of biochar at 7.5 t ha−1 resulted in higher Casuarina height of up to 20.2% compared to the control. On the contrary, application of biochar at 2.5 t ha−1 recorded higher collar diameter of up to 30.2% compared to the control. Generally, there was a decrease in soil bulk density with biochar application. Bulk density decreased linearly with increasing biochar application rates with biochar application rate of 7.5 t ha−1 recording the lowest bulk density (0.99 g cm−3). There was a decrease in bulk density of up to 25% compared to the control with the biochar application rate of 7.5 t ha−1. Biochar application rate of 7.5 t ha−1 also recorded the highest soil moisture content across the assessment periods. Biochar-amended plots recorded higher soil moisture content than the untreated control. There was increase in soil moisture content following biochar application of up to 108% with the application of biochar at 7.5 t ha−1 compared to the untreated control. The increase in soil moisture content with biochar application can be attributed to biochar’s porous nature and large surface area. These results suggest that the use of biochar has the potential of enhancing Casuarina growth while enhancing soil physical properties by decreasing bulk density and enhancing soil moisture storage.

scholarly journals Sifat Fisik, Kimia dan FTIR Spektrofotometri Gambut Hidrofobik Kalimantan Tengah

2013 ◽  
Vol 14 (2) ◽  
pp. 159-166
Author(s):  
Sri Nuryani Hidayah Utami ◽  
Azwar Maas ◽  
Bostang Radjagukguk ◽  
Benito Heru Purwanto
Keyword(s):  
Soil Moisture ◽  
Chemical Analysis ◽  
Moisture Content ◽  
Physical Properties ◽  
Soil Moisture Content ◽  
Ftir Spectra ◽  
Water Repellent ◽  
Total Acidity ◽  
Peat Soils ◽  
Oven Drying

Peat soils naturally have hydrophilic or waterloving character with highly capable of exchanging the cations and cycling the nutrients from the vegetations. This water-loving character is altered to water-repellent character in hydrophobic peat soils. This research was aimed toobserve deeply the functional bunch carrier of hydrophobic and hydrophilic peat soils as shown by FTIR spectra in relation with inherent chemical and physical properties of the soils. Five peat soils consisted of two native andartificial hydrophobic peat soils and one sample of hydrophilic peat soils were studied. Artificial hydrophobic peat soils were yielded by oven-drying the native hydrophobic peat soils at 50 oC for 10 hours. FTIR spectra can distinguish the functional bunch carrier of hydrophobic and hydrophilic peat soils. FTIR spectra of hydrophobic peat soils showed degradation of hydrophilic bunch carrier (OH and COOH) and increase of the hydrophobic bunch carrier (tying aromatic from esther and ether). Chemical analysis of the hydrophobic peat soils also indicated the decrease of OH and COOH content, decrease of CEC , soil total acidity and soil moisture content.

scholarly journals KARAKTERISTIK SIFAT FISIK TANAH PADA LAHAN BUDIDAYA UBI KAYU (Manihot Esculenta Crantz) DI DESA WOLOGAI TENGAH

AGRICA ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 12 (1) ◽  
pp. 23-33
Author(s):  
Mariana Umin ◽  
Agustinus J.P. Anasaga
Keyword(s):  
Soil Moisture ◽  
Moisture Content ◽  
Physical Properties ◽  
Soil Type ◽  
Manihot Esculenta ◽  
Soil Moisture Content ◽  
Cluster Method ◽  
Soil Conditions ◽  
Soil Color ◽  
Manihot Esculenta Crantz

Characteristics of soil physical properties are the diversity of soil conditions based on structure, texture, soil color, and soil moisture content. Features of the physical properties of the soil influenced by several factors, including poor land management, which results in a decrease in fertility levels that includes physical, chemical, and biological soil characteristics.The method used in this study is the sample cluster method. Consists of a small group of units and then randomly selected as a representative of the population, all elements in the chosen cluster used as research samples. This study aims to determine the physical characteristics of soil texture, soil structure, soil color, and soil moisture content in cassava (Manihot esculenta Crantz) in Wologai Tengah Village.The results showed that the texture of the soil in cassava soil dominated by clay texture. The structure of the angular lumpy ground, soil color 10 YR 2/1 Black, and 10 YR 2/2 Very Dark Brown and had a soil moisture content of 37.4%. This soil type is an ideal soil type or classified as fertile to cultivate cassava plants.

scholarly journals Effects of Biochar and Synthetic Polymer on the Hydro-Physical Properties of Sandy Soils

2018 ◽  
Vol 10 (12) ◽  
pp. 4642 ◽  
Author(s):  
Arafat Alkhasha ◽  
Abdulrasoul Al-Omran ◽  
Anwar Aly
Keyword(s):  
Soil Moisture ◽  
Moisture Content ◽  
Physical Properties ◽  
Sandy Soil ◽  
Soil Moisture Content ◽  
Column Experiment ◽  
Field Capacity ◽  
Infiltration Rate ◽  
Arid Environments ◽  
Percentage Decrease

Synthetic polymers, such as polyacrylamide (PAM), and biochar are generally used as soil amendments to improve soil properties. This paper explores a laboratory column experiment conducted to investigate the effects of biochar (pyrolysis at 400–450 °C) and polymers, with different application rates, on the hydro-physical properties of sandy soil. The experiment evaluated four rates each of biochar (0.0% (C), 2% (B1), 4% (B2), 6% (B3) and 8% (B4)) and polymers (0.0% (C), 0.2% (P1), 0.4% (P2), 0.6% (P3), and 0.8%(P4)), as well as a mixture of them. The infiltration rate decreased significantly when a mixture of biochar and polymers was adopted. B1 showed a decrease of 32.73% while a mixture of 8% (B4) and (0.8%) P4 exhibited a decrease of 57.31%. The polymers increased the infiltration rate at low concentrations (P1 and P2) and reduced it at high concentrations (P3 and P4). The cumulative evaporation decreased significantly for most treatments. B1 recorded the highest decrease in cumulative evaporation with a percentage decrease of 31.9%. The highest decrease in hydraulic conductivity (Ks) was for B1. However, the mixture of B4 and P4 resulted in the highest increase in soil moisture content at field capacity compared to the control and other treatments. P4 and the mixture of B2 and P2 showed significant (p < 0.05) increases in the percentage of stable aggregate (SA) in fraction size (0.25–0.125 mm). Although the mixture of B4 and P4 had the highest increase in soil moisture content, this study recommends using the B1 treatment on sandy soil in arid environments due to its strong hydro-physical properties and affordability.

Effects of pulp fibre on soil physical properties and soil erosion under simulated rainfall

2003 ◽  
Vol 83 (1) ◽  
pp. 109-119 ◽  
Author(s):  
T. L. Chow ◽  
H. W. Rees ◽  
S. H. Fahmy ◽  
J. O. Monteith
Keyword(s):  
Organic Matter ◽  
Soil Moisture ◽  
Moisture Content ◽  
Soil Loss ◽  
Soil Amendment ◽  
Soil Moisture Content ◽  
Soil Physical Properties ◽  
Pulp Fibre ◽  
Beneficial Effects ◽  
Runoff And Soil Loss

Pulp fibre, a primary type of sludge of pulp and paper mills containing approximately 40% organic C, is usually disposed of in landfills causing a potential environmental problem. This material may be used as a soil amendment to restore the productivity of organic-matter-depleted potato-producing soils in Atlantic Canada. The effect of incorporating this material at rates equivalent to 0.5, 1.0, 2.0, and 4.0% organic matter in the plow layer of a gravelly loam soil on selected soil physical properties and soil erosion was evaluated. The objectives were to determine the effect of pulp fibre additions on selected soil properties, which are pertinent to water retention and movement and to evaluate its effectiveness in reducing runoff and soil loss, major contributing processes to soil degradation . Chemical analysis of pulp fibre revealed that all heavy metal concentrations were well below allowable concentrations for Category A compost. One year after incorporation, bulk density of the Ap horizon had decreased with increasing rates of organic matter addition. On the other hand, the saturated hydraulic conductivity and specific moisture content increased with increasing rates of treatments. Results on water-stable aggregates revealed that the organic matter in the pulp fibre combined smaller aggregates to form larger aggregates, resulting in a larger proportion of macropores as compared to micropores. In the 4% organic matter treatment, a 27% increase was found in the 1.0 to 5.0 mm-diameter aggregates whereas a 23% reduction was found in aggregates smaller than 1.0 mm diameter. In spite of the higher specific moisture content of the organic-matter-treated soils, soil moisture content measured immediately prior to the erosion test indicated that field soil moisture contents were lower than those of the control. Time of runoff initiation, rates of runoff and soil loss were greatly improved with the amendments. The beneficial effects of the 4% organic matter treatment include 2.1 times delay in runoff initiation, and 23 and 71% reduction in runoff and soil loss, respectively. Although the beneficial effects in soil and water conservation are apparent, a minor drawback appears to be lower field soil moisture content. Large-scale implementation of the addition of this material in potato fields should proceed only with caution. Key words: Saturated hydraulic conductivity, moisture retention, water stable aggregate, mean weight diameter, sediment yield, soil amendment

scholarly journals THE CLAY CONTENT EFFECT ON THE FORMATION OF SHALLOW MOLE DRAINAGE AND THE RATE OF LOWERING SOIL MOISTURE CONTENT

2014 ◽  
Vol 34 (03) ◽  
pp. 347
Author(s):  
Siti Suharyatun ◽  
Bambang Purwantana ◽  
Abdul Rozaq ◽  
Muhjidin Mawardi
Keyword(s):  
Soil Moisture ◽  
Moisture Content ◽  
Physical Properties ◽  
Soil Moisture Content ◽  
Clay Soil ◽  
Clay Content ◽  
Soil Deformation ◽  
Soil C ◽  
Loam Soil ◽  
Properties Of Soil

Installing shallow mole drainage in the soil is infl uenced by various factors, namely; the physical properties of soil and tools which are used. One of the physical properties of soil that infl uences the formation of the mole drainage is the clay content of soil. This study aimed to explore the condition of the mole drainage formed in paddy soil with different clay contents. The study was conducted in a laboratory scale using a soil bin, a model of mole plough, and soil which was kept homogeneous in the boxes. The experiment was conducted at the Laboratory for Energy andAgricultural Engineering, Agricultural Engineering Department, Universitas Gadjah Mada, Yogyakarta. Mole drainage was installed in 3 paddy soils with different clay content, namely; 13.12% (soil A; loam soil), 41.17% (soil B; clay soil) and 53.36% (soil C; clay soil). The study was conducted by analyzing the geometry of the mole drainage and observingthe soil deformation which occurred due to the formation of the mole drainage. The study showed that perfect mole drainages were installed in all of those three types of soil. The mole drainages were quite good and stable with little cracks. Based on the soil crack and fi ssuring of soil, the largest soil deformation has occurred in soil with the highestclay content and the smallest one in soil with the lowest clay content. The characteristics of those three installed mole drainages were almost the same, but they had different effect on the rate of lowering soil moisture content. Here, the mole drainage installed in loam soil is different from which of installed in clay soil. The mole drainage installed in theloam soil did not infl uence the rate of lowering soil moisture content. Contrary, the mole drainage installed in clay soil has effected to increase the rate of lowering soil moisture content.Keywords: Mole drainage, soil moisture content, clay content

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