scholarly journals KAJIAN PRODUKSI DAN PENDAPATAN USAHATANI KAKAO PADA PROGRAM GERNAS (GERAKAN NASIONAL) KAKAO DI SULAWESI TENGGARA

2018 ◽  
Vol 3 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Finayah Akhirul­­ ◽  
Taane La Ola ◽  
Azhar Bafadal ◽  
Budiyanto Budiyanto
Keyword(s):  
Census Data ◽  
Cocoa Beans ◽  
Average Production

The study was conducted from January to December 2015 in Andomesinggo Village, Besulutu District, Konawe Regency and Lambandia Village, Lambandia District, East Kolaka Regency. The study aims to examine the production and income of cocoa farming after the GERNAS Kakao program has been implemented. Determination of respondents was carried out in census. Data collected were analyzed descriptive quantitatively. The results of the study show that GERNAS Kakao program has been able to significantly increase cocoa farming production. The average production of cocoa farming in Southeast Sulawesi in 2015 was 871.80 kg per ha while the average production of cocoa beans produced by farming in the GERNAS Kakao program was 1,000.78 kg per ha. The average cocoa farming income in the GERNAS Kakao program is Rp 35,920,865, - per ha.Keywords: production; income; GERNAS Kakao program

Determination of the Prospective Processed Cacao Product and Calculation of the Added Value in Agro-Tourism Based on Cacao Agroindustry in Pidie Jaya Regency

2018 ◽  
Vol 22 (1) ◽  
pp. 33-42
Author(s):  
◽  
Tajuddin Bantacut ◽  
Sapta Raharja
Keyword(s):  
System Approach ◽  
Added Value ◽  
Assessment Criteria ◽  
Cocoa Bean ◽  
Cocoa Beans ◽  
Bayes Method ◽  
Cocoa Products ◽  
Processed Products ◽  
Derivative Products

Abstract Utilization of cocoa bean to be a derivative products in industrial is wide enough, that it is necessary to determine the priority of the processed products development. This study aimed to determine the prospective processed cocoa products with a system approach using Bayes method and assessed the potential of added value by using Hayami method. Based on several assessment criteria indicated that chocolate bar is the priority product that needs to be developed and followed by several other processed products. This development was able to produce the added value of Rp 135.000 per kg of cocoa beans. Result indicated that by processing the cocoa beans into chocolate bar could provide a considerable income for the businessman.

scholarly journals Cost-effective Method of Analysis for the Determination of Cadmium, Copper, Nickel and Zinc in Cocoa Beans and Chocolates

2014 ◽  
Vol 4 (1) ◽  
pp. 193 ◽  
Author(s):  
Gideon Ramtahal ◽  
Ivan Chang Yen ◽  
Isaac Bekele ◽  
Frances Bekele ◽  
Lawrence Wilson ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Heavy Metals ◽  
Heavy Metal ◽  
Reference Materials ◽  
Certified Reference Materials ◽  
Control Sample ◽  
Cost Effective ◽  
Cocoa Beans ◽  
Copper Nickel ◽  
Flame Atomic Absorption

<p>The determination of heavy metals in cocoa beans and chocolates is of great importance, due to increasingly stringent regulations being implemented by international legislative bodies and chocolate manufacturers, to protect the health of their consumers. While various techniques exist for heavy metal analyses in cocoa, this study developed a cost-effective, accurate and precise method capable of processing up to 120 samples per batch for the determination of cadmium, copper, nickel and zinc. For sample extractions, a normal laboratory hot plate and locally fabricated high-capacity digestion blocks were used, instead of dedicated block digestion or microwave digestion systems. In addition, only concentrated nitric acid was used, instead of mixed reagents used in standardized methods, for metal extractions from samples, with a sample: extractant ratio of 0.5 g : 10 mL, digestion at 130 ºC, followed by filtration and analysis by flame atomic absorption spectrophotometry. The method was validated with Certified Reference Materials, with heavy metal recoveries generally &gt;95%. Additionally, an in-house quality control sample of ground cocoa nib analyzed together with the Certified Reference Materials was used to monitor the consistency of analyses of heavy metals in cocoa bean samples.</p>

Modified Method for the Determination of Mycotoxins in Cocoa Beans

1973 ◽  
Vol 56 (4) ◽  
pp. 1028-1030 ◽  
Author(s):  
Peter M Scott
Keyword(s):  
Silver Nitrate ◽  
Ochratoxin A ◽  
Nitrate Solution ◽  
Silver Nitrate Solution ◽  
Solvent Mixture ◽  
Cocoa Beans ◽  
Extraction Solvent ◽  
Modified Method

Abstract Method 26.026–26.030 was modified for the analysis of cocoa beans for aflatoxins by inclusion of 3% silver nitrate solution in the extraction solvent mixture. Recoveries of aflatoxins and ochratoxin A added at levels of 5–45 and 20–300 μg/kg, respectively, were satisfactory.

scholarly journals RESPOSTA DA PRODUÇÃO DE SOJA À VARIABILIDADE ESPACIAL SOB PIVÔ CENTRAL

Irriga ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 1 (1) ◽  
pp. 19
Author(s):  
MARIO SANTOS NUNES ◽  
ADROALDO DIAS ROBAINA ◽  
MARCIA XAVIER PEITER ◽  
FABIANO DE VARGAS ARIGONY BRAGA ◽  
TONISMAR DOS SANTOS PEREIRA ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Glycine Max ◽  
Growth Parameters ◽  
Irrigation Schedule ◽  
Irrigation Management ◽  
Average Production ◽  
Center Pivot ◽  
Glycine Max L ◽  
Santa Maria ◽  
E Mail

RESPOSTA DA PRODUÇÃO DE SOJA À VARIABILIDADE ESPACIAL SOB PIVÔ CENTRAL  MARIO SANTOS NUNES1; ADROALDO DIAS ROBAINA2; MARCIA XAVIER PEITER3; FABIANO DE VARGAS ARIGONY BRAGA4; TONISMAR DOS SANTOS PEREIRA5 E TAISE CRISTINE BUSKE6 1 Doutor em Engenharia Agrícola, Prof. da URI, Erechim, RS. E-mail: [email protected] Doutor, Prof. Titular do Departamento de Engenharia Rural, UFSM, Santa Maria, RS.3 Doutora, Profª. Associada do Departamento de Engenharia Rural, UFSM, Santa Maria, RS.4 Doutor em Engenharia Agrícola, UFSM, Santa Maria, RS.5 Doutorando em Engenharia Agrícola, Prof. da UNIPAMPA, Alegrete, RS.6  Doutoranda em Engenharia Agrícola, Profª. do IFCatarinense – Campus Rio do Sul, SC.  1 RESUMO O objetivo deste trabalho foi de avaliar a influência da variabilidade espacial nos componentes de produção de soja irrigada por um pivô central. O trabalho foi desenvolvido no município de Bossoroca, RS, em uma área experimental de 31,17 ha, subdividida em sete setores de aproximadamente 4,45 ha. Foram coletadas 25 plantas em cada um dos setores, sendo medidos os parâmetros de crescimento e desenvolvimento em períodos quinzenais, seguidos da determinação dos componentes de produção na colheita. O manejo de irrigação baseou-se em turno de rega estipulado pelo instrumento irrigâmetro, com mesma lâmina em todos os setores. Os pontos da área georreferenciada foram visualizados através do software ArcGIS 9.3, gerando mapas de produção. As médias de produção dos diferentes setores foram submetidas à análise de variância e a comparação de médias pelo teste de Tukey a 5% de probabilidade de erro. Concluiu-se que ocorreu variação na produtividade entre os setores, sendo que no setor 03 observou-se maior produção com 6713,25 kg ha-1 e o setor 05 a menor com 5248,05 kg ha-1. Palavras-chave: Glycine max, L.; manejo da água; componentes de produção.  NUNES, M. S.; ROBAINA, A. D.; PEITER, M. X.; BRAGA, F. de V. A.; PEREIRA, T. dos S.; BUSKE, T.C.RESPONSE OF SOYBEAN PRODUCTION TO SPACIAL VARIABILITY UNDER CENTER PIVOT  2 ABSTRACT The aim of this study was to evaluate the influence of spatial variability in yield components of soybean irrigated by a center pivot. The work was developed in Bossoroca city, RS, in an experimental area of 31.17 ha, subdivided into seven sectors of approximately 4.45 ha. In each sectors, 25 plants were collected, being measured growth parameters and developing of plants in fortnightly periods followed by determination of component production at harvest. The irrigation management was carried out with the irrigation schedule stipulated by Irrigameter instrument, with same sheet of water in all sectors. Points georeferenced area were visualized using ArcGIS 9.3 software, where maps production were generated. Average production of different sectors were subjected to analysis of variance and Tukey test at 5% probability. It was concluded that there was variation in production across sectors, where sector 03 had the highest production with 6713.25 kg ha-1 and the sector with the smallest 05 5248.05 kg ha-1. Keywords: Glycine max, L.; water management; production components.

scholarly journals Will the Australian nuclear medicine technologist workforce meet anticipated health care demands?

2008 ◽  
Vol 32 (2) ◽  
pp. 282 ◽  
Author(s):  
Edwina Adams ◽  
Deborah Schofield ◽  
Jennifer Cox ◽  
Barbara Adamson
Keyword(s):  
Nuclear Medicine ◽  
Census Data ◽  
Service Needs ◽  
The Past ◽  
Eastern Australia ◽  
North Eastern ◽  
Nuclear Medicine Technologist ◽  
Professional Body ◽  
Care Demands

Determination of national nuclear medicine technologist workforce size was made from census data in 2001 and 1996 and from the professional body in 2004. A survey conducted by the authors in 2005 provided retention patterns in north-eastern Australia and suggested causes. Utilisation of nuclear medicine diagnostic services was established through the Medicare Benefits Schedule group statistics. More than half the nuclear medicine technologist workforce is under 35 years of age. Attrition commences from age 30, with very few workers over 55 years. In 2005 there was a 12% attrition of the survey workforce. In the past decade, service provision increased while workforce size decreased and the nuclear medicine technologist workforce is at risk of failing to meet the anticipated rise in health service needs.

scholarly journals Determination of ochratoxin A levels in ivorian cocoa beans intended for exportation

2013 ◽  
Vol 6 (5) ◽  
Author(s):  
A Coulibaly ◽  
A Dembele ◽  
HMG Biego ◽  
KM Bohoussou ◽  
A Toure
Keyword(s):  
Ochratoxin A ◽  
Cocoa Beans

scholarly journals Determination of Total Procyanidins in Selected Chocolate and Confectionery Products Using DMAC

2010 ◽  
Vol 93 (1) ◽  
pp. 89-96 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mark J Payne ◽  
William Jeffrey Hurst ◽  
David A Stuart ◽  
Boxin Ou ◽  
Ellen Fan ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Colorimetric Method ◽  
Standard Protocol ◽  
Reaction Products ◽  
Cocoa Beans ◽  
Milk Chocolate ◽  
Sample Throughput ◽  
Plate Reader ◽  
Confectionery Products ◽  
Test Materials

Abstract A simple, specific, high-throughput colorimetric method based on the reaction of 4-dimethylaminocinnamaldehyde (DMAC) with flavan-3-ols was developed to determine total procyanidins in selected cacao-based products. Extracts of defatted samples were dispensed into a 96-well plate and reacted with DMAC. The absorbance of the reaction products was measured at 640 nm and compared to commercially available procyanidin B2 as a standard. The use of the 96-well plates and a plate reader dramatically improved sample throughput. A standard protocol was established and used for further studies. The calibration was found to be linear from 1100 ppm. The DMAC reagent reacted relatively specifically to (–)-epicatechin, (+)-catechin, epigallocatechin, gallocatechin, the gallates of catechin, epicatechin, gallocatechin, and epigallocatechin, oligomeric procyanidins of cocoa up to n = 4, and A-type procyanidins. Little or no reaction occurred with cyanidins and representative compounds of phenolic acids, flavones, flavanones, flavonols, anthocyanidins, isoflavones, and stilbenes. Sample precision studies were carried out on 10 different test materials over several weeks, and yielded RSD values of 4.0 to 9.5%. The method was ring-tested in three laboratories using blinded test materials including cocoa beans, cocoa powder, chocolate liquor, dark chocolate, and milk chocolate. There was excellent agreement of the results between laboratories.

Absorptiometric determination of fenitrothion residues in cocoa beans

The Analyst ◽  
1966 ◽  
Vol 91 (1089) ◽  
pp. 811 ◽  
Author(s):  
S. H. Yuen
Keyword(s):  
Cocoa Beans
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