scholarly journals Microfluidic Chain Reaction

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mohamed Yafia ◽  
Oriol Ymbern ◽  
Ayokunle Olanrewaju ◽  
Azim Parandakh ◽  
Ahmad Sohrabi Kashani ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Integrated Circuits ◽  
Point Of Care ◽  
Lab On A Chip ◽  
Single Chip ◽  
Chain Reaction ◽  
Chain Reactions ◽  
Liquid Handling ◽  
Total Analysis System ◽  
Capillary Phenomena ◽  
Analysis System

Chain reactions are characterized by initiation, propagation and termination, are stochastic at microscopic scales and underlie vital chemical (e.g. combustion engines), nuclear and biotechnological (e.g. polymerase chain reaction) applications.1–5 At macroscopic scales, chain reactions are deterministic and limited to applications for entertainment and art such as falling domino and Rube Goldberg machines. Appositely, microfluidic lab-on-a-chip (also called a micro total analysis system),6,7 which were envisioned pursuant to microelectronic integrated circuits, are generally not integrated on a chip owing to an enduring dependency on cumbersome connections, peripherals, and on computers for automation.8–11 Capillary microfluidics integrate energy supply and flow control onto a single chip by using capillary phenomena, but programmability remains rudimentary with at most a handful (eight) operations possible.12–19 Here we introduce mesoscopic microfluidic chain reactions (MCRs) based on capillary phenomena for reliable programming and automation of complex liquid handling algorithms integrated in a chip. MCRs are encoded into the chip microarchitecture, 3D printed as a monolithic circuit, and deterministically propagated by the free-energy of a paper pump. With MCR, we sequentially triggered the release of 300 aliquots across chained, interconnected chips, and automated a protocol for SARS-CoV-2 antibodies detection in saliva with visual and quantitative results by cell phone imaging. We automated and miniaturized for the first time the labor-intensive thrombogram with serial and parallel operations including timers and iterative cycles of synchronous flow and stop-flow sequences. Thrombograms with normal, hemophilia-like, and anticoagulant-spiked plasma were generated. MCRs are generalizable, and both the density and number of chain reaction units are scalable. MCRs are untethered from and unencumbered by peripherals, encode programs structurally in situ, and form a frugal, versatile, bona fide lab-on-a-chip with wide-ranging applications in liquid handling and point-of-care diagnostics.

scholarly journals Microfluidic Chain Reaction: Conditional, Structurally Programmed Propagation of Capillary Flow Events

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mohamed Yafia ◽  
Oriol Ymbern ◽  
Ayokunle Olanrewaju ◽  
Azim Parandakh ◽  
Ahmad Sohrabi Kashani ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Integrated Circuits ◽  
Capillary Flow ◽  
Point Of Care ◽  
Single Chip ◽  
Chain Reaction ◽  
Chain Reactions ◽  
Liquid Handling ◽  
Thrombin Generation Assay ◽  
Total Analysis System ◽  
Analysis System

Chain reactions are characterized by initiation, propagation and termination, are stochastic at microscopic scales and underlie vital chemical (e.g. combustion engines), nuclear and biotechnological (e.g. polymerase chain reaction) applications.1-5 At macroscopic scales, chain reactions are deterministic and limited to applications for entertainment and art such as falling domino and Rube Goldberg machines. Appositely, the microfluidic lab-on-a-chips (also called a micro total analysis system),6,7 was envisioned as an integrated chip, akin to microelectronic integrated circuits, yet in practice remain dependent on cumbersome peripherals, connections, and a computer for automation.8-11 Capillary microfluidics integrate energy supply and flow control onto a single chip by using capillary phenomena, but programmability remains rudimentary with at most a handful (eight) operations possible.12-19 Here we introduce the microfluidic chain reaction (MCR) as the conditional, structurally programmed propagation of capillary flow events. Monolithic chips integrating a MCR are 3D printed, and powered by the free-energy of a paper pump, autonomously execute liquid handling algorithms step-by-step. With MCR, we automated (i) the sequential release of 300 aliquots across chained, interconnected chips, (ii) a protocol for SARS-CoV-2 antibodies detection in saliva, and (iii) a thrombin generation assay by continuous subsampling and analysis of coagulation-activated plasma with parallel operations including timers, iterative cycles of synchronous flow and stop-flow operations. MCRs are untethered from and unencumbered by peripherals, encode programs structurally in situ, and can form frugal, versatile, bona fide lab-on-a-chip with wide-ranging applications in liquid handling and point-of-care diagnostics.

scholarly journals Miniaturization of fluorescence sensing in optofluidic devices

2020 ◽  
Vol 24 (9) ◽  
Author(s):  
Daniel Măriuţa ◽  
Stéphane Colin ◽  
Christine Barrot-Lattes ◽  
Stéphane Le Calvé ◽  
Jan G. Korvink ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Lab On A Chip ◽  
Time Data ◽  
Fluorescence Sensing ◽  
Successful Development ◽  
Total Analysis System ◽  
Total Analysis ◽  
Integration Strategies ◽  
Analysis System ◽  
On Chip ◽  
Industrial Sensing

Abstract Successful development of a micro-total-analysis system (µTAS, lab-on-a-chip) is strictly related to the degree of miniaturization, integration, autonomy, sensitivity, selectivity, and repeatability of its detector. Fluorescence sensing is an optical detection method used for a large variety of biological and chemical assays, and its full integration within lab-on-a-chip devices remains a challenge. Important achievements were reported during the last few years, including improvements of previously reported methodologies, as well as new integration strategies. However, a universal paradigm remains elusive. This review considers achievements in the field of fluorescence sensing miniaturization, starting from off-chip approaches, representing miniaturized versions of their lab counter-parts, continuing gradually with strategies that aim to fully integrate fluorescence detection on-chip, and reporting the results around integration strategies based on optical-fiber-based designs, optical layer integrated designs, CMOS-based fluorescence sensing, and organic electronics. Further successful development in this field would enable the implementation of sensing networks in specific environments that, when coupled to Internet-of-Things (IoT) and artificial intelligence (AI), could provide real-time data collection and, therefore, revolutionize fields like health, environmental, and industrial sensing.

scholarly journals Editorial for the Special Issue on Micro and Nano Devices for Cell Analysis

Micromachines ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 12 (7) ◽  
pp. 840
Author(s):  
Shohei Yamamura
Keyword(s):  
Lab On A Chip ◽  
Cell Analysis ◽  
Special Issue ◽  
Micro Total Analysis System ◽  
Total Analysis System ◽  
Total Analysis ◽  
Biochemical Analyses ◽  
Analysis System ◽  
Miniaturized Systems

In recent years, miniaturized systems (micro- and nano-devices) called a lab-on-a-chip or micro-total analysis system (µ-TAS) have received attention as new systems for chemical and biochemical analyses [...]

Antibody Screening Results for Anti-Nucleocapsid Antibodies Towards the Development of a SARS-CoV-2 Nucleocapsid Protein Antigen Detecting Lateral Flow Assay

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
David Cate ◽  
Helen Hsieh ◽  
Veronika Glukhova ◽  
Joshua D Bishop ◽  
H Gleda Hermansky ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Nucleocapsid Protein ◽  
Point Of Care ◽  
Lateral Flow ◽  
Screening Methods ◽  
Antibody Screening ◽  
Liquid Handling ◽  
Large Numbers ◽  
Accurate Performance ◽  
Further Development ◽  
Assay Conditions

<p></p><p>The global COVID-19 pandemic has created an urgent demand for large numbers of inexpensive, accurate, rapid, point-of-care diagnostic tests. Analyte-based assays are suitably inexpensive and can be rapidly mass-produced, but for sufficiently accurate performance they require highly optimized antibodies and assay conditions. We used an automated liquid handling system, customized to handle arrays of lateral flow immunoassay (LFA) tests in a high-throughput screen, to identify anti-nucleocapsid antibodies that will perform optimally in an LFA. We tested 1021 anti-nucleocapsid antibody pairs as LFA capture and detection reagents with the goal of highlighting pairs that have the greatest affinity for unique epitopes of the nucleocapsid protein of SARS-CoV-2 within the LFA format. In contrast to traditional antibody screening methods (e.g., ELISA, bio-layer interferometry), the method described here integrates real-time reaction kinetics with transport in, and immobilization directly onto, nitrocellulose. We have identified several candidate antibody pairs that are suitable for further development of an LFA for SARS-CoV-2.</p><p></p>

StatPal II pH and Blood Gas Analysis System evaluated

1994 ◽  
Vol 40 (1) ◽  
pp. 124-129 ◽  
Author(s):  
R J Wong ◽  
J J Mahoney ◽  
J A Harvey ◽  
A L Van Kessel
Keyword(s):  
Point Of Care ◽  
Blood Gases ◽  
Blood Gas Analysis ◽  
Gas Analysis ◽  
Portable Instrument ◽  
Blood Gas ◽  
Target Value ◽  
Analysis System

Abstract We evaluated a new portable instrument, the PPG StatPal II pH and Blood Gas Analysis System, designed for "point-of-care" measurements of blood gases and pH. Inaccuracy (% of target value) and imprecision (CV%) were assessed by blood tonometry and comparison with a Corning 178. Within-day results for PCO2 inaccuracy and imprecision ranged from 98.2% to 102.9% and 3.3% to 3.9%, respectively; for PO2, these were 95.5% to 102.3% and 2.3% to 3.0%, respectively. Between-day results for PCO2 inaccuracy and imprecision ranged from 99.2% to 99.3% and from 2.9% to 3.2%, respectively; for PO2, the ranges were 96.2% to 98.2% and 2.6% to 3.0%, respectively. Two PCO2 outliers (in 645 samples = 0.3%) were observed. In general, tonometry recovery, measurement stability, and pH bias results for the StatPal II and Corning 178 were comparable. We conclude that the StatPal II performs within acceptable ranges of inaccuracy and imprecision.

scholarly journals A Self-Contained Portable Polymerase-Chain-Reaction System Integrated with Electromagnetic Mini-Actuators for Bi-Directional Fluid Transport

2011 ◽  
Vol 27 (3) ◽  
pp. 357-364
Author(s):  
B. T. Chia ◽  
S.-A. Yang ◽  
M.-Y. Cheng ◽  
C.-W. Lin ◽  
Y.-J. Yang
Keyword(s):  
Polymerase Chain Reaction ◽  
Fluid Transport ◽  
Point Of Care ◽  
Reaction System ◽  
Thermal Characteristics ◽  
Pcr Amplification ◽  
Chain Reaction ◽  
Rapid Temperature ◽  
Small Footprint ◽  
Polymerase Chain

ABSTRACTIn this paper, the development of a portable polymerase chain reaction (PCR) device is presented. Integrating electromagnetic mini-actuators for bi-directional fluid transport, the proposed device, whose dimension is 67mm × 66mm × 25mm, can be fully operated with a 5V DC voltage. The device consists of four major parts: A disposable channel chip in which PCR mixture is manipulated and reacted, a heater chip which generates different temperature zones for PCR reaction, a linear actuator array for pumping PCR mixture, and a circuit module for controlling and driving the system. The advantages of the device include the rapid temperature responses associated with continuous-flow-type PCR devices, as well as the programmable thermal cycling associated with chamber-type PCR devices. The thermal characteristics are measured and discussed. PCR amplification is successfully performed for the 122 bp segment of MCF-7/adr cell line. Due to its small footprint, this self-contained system potentially can be employed for point-of-care (POC) applications.

Investigation of Mutations in Exon 12 Of MYH7, 16 Of β-MYBPC3 and 2 Of TCAP Gene in Dogs with Dilated Cardiomyopathy using PCR-SSCP Technique

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
R.B. Vishnurahav ◽  
S. Ajithkumar ◽  
Usha Narayana Pillai ◽  
N. Madhvan Unny ◽  
K.D. John Martin ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Polymerase Chain Reaction ◽  
Dilated Cardiomyopathy ◽  
Genetic Alterations ◽  
Chain Reaction ◽  
Multifunctional Protein ◽  
Chain Reactions ◽  
Polymerase Chain Reactions ◽  
Intron 1 ◽  
Cardiac Disorders ◽  
Polymerase Chain

Background: Dilated cardiomyopathy is the important myocardial disease and one of the most common cause of death in the medium to large size dog breeds worldwide. The disease is characterized by dilatation of cardiac chambers and thinning of walls leads to systolic failure. Mutations in some sarcomere genes leads to cardiomyopathy in humans. Sarcomere is an important multifunctional protein network involved in the signal reception and transduction. Mutations in β-MYH7, MYBPC3 and TCAP genes produce alterations in the morphology of heart (hypertrophy or dilatation).Methods: In this study twenty apparently healthy and twenty five dogs with dilated cardiomyopathy (DCM) were selected from patients reported or referred to University Veterinary Hospital and Teaching Veterinary Clinical Complex, Mannuthy (2015-2017) based on the clinical examination, radiographic, electrocardiographic, haematobiochemical and echocardiographic studies cardiac disorders (Dilated cardiomyopathy and hypertrophic cardiomyopathy) were confirmed.Result: In the present study we investigated genetic alterations of exon 12 of MYH7, 16 of β-MYBPC3 and 2 of TCAP gene in dogs by polymerase chain reaction -single stranded confirmation of polymorphism (PCR-SSCP). Polymerase chain reactions were analysed using acrylamide gel and samples with different pattern of bands were sequenced. Polymerase chain reaction-SSCP showed different migration of band pattern in the intron 1 of TCAP gene in one sample.

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