scholarly journals In the Father’s House: Language and Violence in the Work of Assia Djebar and Leïla Sebbar

2017 ◽  
Vol 19 (2) ◽  
pp. 1-16
Author(s):  
Annedith Schneider
Keyword(s):  
Assia Djebar ◽  
Colonial Education ◽  
Leila Sebbar ◽  
Autobiographical Writing ◽  
Fathers And Daughters ◽  
Personal Value ◽  
Simple Tool ◽  
French Colonial ◽  
The Relationship

This essay examines autobiographical writing by two women who grew up in colonial Algeria; it considers how the relationship between fathers and daughters is marked by linguistic conflict. For each of these writers, language is not a simple tool, but instead a problematic inheritance that shapes her world and her relationship with her father. Assia Djebar and Leila Sebbar, who were children in colonial Algeria of the late 1940s and early 1950s, examine their relationships to Arabic and French in terms of their relationships with their families and in particular with their schoolteacher fathers. The fathers, who benefitted from French colonial education, fail to understand the different risks inherent for their daughters in transgressing conservative community and linguistic boundaries. Each writer, even as she acknowledges the benefits of the colonizer’s language, also describes the language as a scene of violent trauma for which she holds her father responsible. With language and paternal love so tightly entwined, this essay argues that even in highly politicized colonial contexts, the national value of a language can only be understood if the familial and personal value of the language is also taken into account.

Unfamiliar Worlds

2019 ◽  
pp. 161-219
Author(s):  
Nicholas Harrison
Keyword(s):  
Assia Djebar ◽  
Literary Texts ◽  
Colonial Education ◽  
Albert Memmi ◽  
Mohammed Dib ◽  
French Colonial ◽  
French Republicanism ◽  
French Education ◽  
Islamic Veil ◽  
The Relationship

Drawing more deeply than previous chapters on literary texts, including novels by Mouloud Feraoun, Albert Memmi, Mohammed Dib and above all Assia Djebar, this chapter explores some of the experiences offered to ‘colonized’ students in colonial schools. It emphasizes the unfamiliarity of French culture to many Algerians and other colonized populations, and the tendency of French/colonial schools to discriminate against their ‘colonial’ students and to leave them with feelings of deracination and alienation. Through Djebar it examines in detail a particular example of how a French/colonial education alienated – and politicized – female students from a Muslim background. That example, I suggest, raises wider questions about the relationship between lat瞼‎(secularism, especially in education), Islam and French Republicanism, an issue that is repeatedly invoked in debates today around gender equality and the Islamic veil in French education, and is also pertinent to post-independence Algeria. [142]

The Consequences of not Acting on Personally and Socially Important Value-Expressive Behaviours on Hedonic and Eudaimonic Wellbeing

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
◽  
Megan Chrystal
Keyword(s):  
Experimental Method ◽  
Social Desirability ◽  
Personal Values ◽  
Personal Value ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Eudaimonic Wellbeing

<p>Wellbeing is thought to decrease when one’s actions do not align with one’s values. This study refined a previous experimental method to investigate how perceived failure to live up to expectations of value-expressive behaviours may affect eudaimonic and hedonic wellbeing. One hundred and ninety-nine students considered their own past value-expressive behaviours in a survey designed to induce a discrepancy or “gap” between reported and ideal behaviour. We tested whether the importance of value-expressive behaviours—and whether this importance was based on personal or social ideals—would affect the perception of behavioural discrepancies and wellbeing. Results showed that being asked about more important behaviours predicted a greater perceived behavioural gap and less hedonic wellbeing. Whether this importance was based on personal values or social desirability did not differentially predict perceived behavioural gap or wellbeing, challenging the focus that some therapy models place on personal value expression to improve wellbeing. The perceived behavioural gap did not mediate a relationship between experimental condition and wellbeing, suggesting that other variables may play a role in the relationship between values, behaviour, and wellbeing. Further exploratory tests, limitations, and theoretical implications are discussed.</p>

scholarly journals The Values of Versatility: Pharmacists, Plants, and Place in the French (Post)Colonial World

2016 ◽  
Vol 58 (2) ◽  
pp. 432-462 ◽  
Author(s):  
Laurence Monnais ◽  
Noémi Tousignant
Keyword(s):  
Medicinal Plant ◽  
Scientific Activity ◽  
Public Health Care ◽  
French West Africa ◽  
Post Colonial ◽  
Plant Medicine ◽  
History Of ◽  
French Colonial ◽  
Simple Equations ◽  
The Relationship

AbstractColonial pharmacists bio-prospected, acclimatized, chemically screened, and tinkered with plants and their parts, hoping to create products to supply colonial public health care, metropolitan industries, and imperial markets. This article's approach is to examine the trajectories of expertise of two French colonial pharmacists, Franck Guichard and Joseph Kerharo, to illuminate the history of modern medicinal plant research. Both men studied medicinal plants as part of their colonial duties, yet their interests in indigenous therapies exceeded and outlived colonial projects. We take this “overflow” as our point of departure to explore how science transformed medicinal plant values in French colonial and postcolonial contexts. Our focus is on the relationship between value and space—on the processes of conceptual and material (de-/re-)localization through which plant value is calculated, intensified, and distributed. We study and compare these processes in French Indochina and French West Africa where Guichard and Kerharo, respectively, engaged in them most intensively. We show that their engagements with matter, value, knowledge, and mobility defy easy categorizations of medicinal plant science as either extractive or neo-traditionalist. By eschewing simple equations of scientists' motivations with political projects and knowledge-production, we argue that approaching plant medicine through trajectories of expertise opens up grounds for finer analyses of how colonial power and projects, and their legacies, shaped scientific activity.

scholarly journals “The Jesuit mission proves we were here”: The Case of Eighteenth-Century Jesuit Missions Aiding Twenty-First Century Tribal Recognition

2021 ◽  
Vol 8 (3) ◽  
pp. 454-473
Author(s):  
Andrew R. Beaupré
Keyword(s):  
First Century ◽  
Connecticut River ◽  
Jesuit Missions ◽  
Federal Recognition ◽  
Tribal Governments ◽  
French Colonial ◽  
Tribal Recognition ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Difficult Road ◽  
Descendant Communities

Abstract Records indicate that during the French colonial period, Jesuits established four mission congregations within the territory now known as Vermont. These missions were established to preach to both French colonists and Native converts on Isle La Motte, on the Missisquoi River in Swanton, at Fort Saint-Frédéric on Lake Champlain, and in the area known as the Koas on the Connecticut River. In the twentieth and twenty-first centuries, the Abenaki peoples of Vermont have had a long and difficult road to gain state and federal recognition. These descendant communities have invoked the existence of Jesuit missions to the Abenaki as proof of the current tribal governments’ legitimacy. This is intriguing considering the blame for cultural destruction is often laid at the feet of Jesuit missionaries. This paper examines the relationship between historical and archaeological evidence of French Jesuits and the legal legitimization of the Abenaki of Vermont.

Cultivating Science

2018 ◽  
pp. 59-91
Author(s):  
Michitake Aso
Keyword(s):  
Political Economy ◽  
The Political ◽  
Detailed Knowledge ◽  
Rubber Industry ◽  
Agricultural Improvement ◽  
Rubber Plantations ◽  
French Colonial ◽  
Plantation Agriculture ◽  
Colonial Government ◽  
The Relationship

Plantation regimes encouraged knowledge production about plant and disease ecologies and the relationship among organisms and their environments more generally. More detailed knowledge about newly introduced plant species, plant and human diseases, and their shared environments was a key ingredient of better, more profitable management of rubber plantations. Chapter 2 explores the process by which agronomy came to support the burgeoning rubber industry after rubber arrived in Indochina in 1897. The French colonial government was not the first to encourage agricultural improvement on the Indochinese peninsula, but the qualitative and quantitative investment that it made in these projects set it apart from previous states. Encouraged by the success of their British and Dutch neighbors, French planters envisioned turning biologically and culturally diverse landscapes into neat rows of hevea. Plantation agriculture also played an important role in defining the political and intellectual scope of the science of ecology in Indochina, encouraging agronomists to direct their energies toward transnational businesses and the colonial project. The process of integrating the efforts of scientists, officials, and planters was not always smooth, however, and this chapter highlights the conflicts and tensions generated by a political economy of plantation agriculture.

Phan Chu Trinh's Democratic Confucianism

2019 ◽  
Vol 81 (4) ◽  
pp. 597-620
Author(s):  
Kevin D. Pham
Keyword(s):  
East Asia ◽  
Colonial Period ◽  
Western Civilization ◽  
French Colonial ◽  
Exclusive Property ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Foreign Ideas

AbstractA consensus on three claims has emerged in literature that explores the relationship between Confucianism and democracy: democracy is not the exclusive property of Western liberalism, Confucianism and liberalism are opposed, and democracy in East Asia would be best buttressed by Confucianism, not liberalism. Why, then, does Phan Chu Trinh (1872–1926), Vietnam's celebrated nationalist of the French colonial period, argue that liberalism and democracy are Western creations that cannot be decoupled, and, if adopted by the Vietnamese, will allow Confucianism to find its fullest expression? The answer is that Trinh ignores liberalism's individualism while celebrating other aspects of liberalism and Western civilization. Trinh's interpretation of Western ideas, although naive, is a creative one that offers political theorists a lesson: it may be useful to view foreign ideas as foreign, to interpret them generously, and to import the creative distortion to revive our own cherished, yet faltering, traditions.

Year Up

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
William M. Epstein
Keyword(s):  
Social Service ◽  
Social Values ◽  
Skills Training ◽  
Job Market ◽  
Service Program ◽  
Short Term ◽  
Personal Value ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
And Training ◽  
Social Service Program

Chapter 5 describes, evaluates, and reinterprets the private sector social service program Year Up as a ceremony of social values rather than as a successful response to a social problem. The program is intended to provide poor minority urban youths access to the job market by offering short-term academic and skills training. Its claims to success are based on contracted evaluations that are not credible. In the end, Year Up embodies a mythic obligation to affirm heroic individualism as the essence of civic virtue and personal value. Year Up mandates that participants embark on the quest for authenticity through mentoring and training en route to employment. Yet the myth of Year Up defines one of its most enduring attractions. It is inexpensive and highly selective, in the end a very efficient way to certify the nation’s chosenness without disrupting customary social arrangements, without redefining the relationship among people, and notably without transferring great amounts of assets and income to those in need.

5. Family histories and the autobiography of childhood

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Laura Marcus
Keyword(s):  
Early Modern ◽  
Family Relations ◽  
Early Modern Period ◽  
Social Forces ◽  
Autobiographical Writing ◽  
Modern Period ◽  
Family Histories ◽  
New Ideas ◽  
The Impact ◽  
The Relationship

The years of childhood have become increasingly central to autobiographical writing. Historians have linked this development to the new ideas about life-stages that emerged in the early modern period. Philippe Ariès (1914–84) made a key contribution in 1960 with a book on the child and family life in the ancien régime, known in English as Centuries of Childhood. ‘Family histories and the autobiography of childhood’ considers how genealogy (the tracing of family history) and the shaping of family relations by cultural and social forces have been central concerns for many modern autobiographers. It also looks closely at the relationship between child and parent and at the impact of mixed cultures.

The Politics of Form in Assia Djebar’s L’Amour, la fantasia

2019 ◽  
Vol 6 (03) ◽  
pp. 347-365
Author(s):  
Alexa Hazel
Keyword(s):  
Postcolonial Theory ◽  
Assia Djebar ◽  
Critical Response ◽  
Politics Of Form ◽  
The Relationship

This article calls attention to the categorical confinement of Algerian novelist, historian, and feminist Assia Djebar (1936–2015), and argues that the politicization of Djebar’s text has contributed to the relative obscurity of her work. Following a call by Françoise Lionnet to reimagine the relationship between politics and aesthetics in critical response, I analyze modified repetition—rhyme, recall, echo, imitation, and mirror—as a formal device in L’Amour, la fantasia. In its third section, this paper, drawing from Rita Felski’s discussion of the four types of activities in which academics engage, argues for the importance of formal comparison in postcolonial scholarship. In attending to the particulars of Djebar’s text, so as to privilege connection, postcolonial scholars might increase her exposure and broaden the reach of postcolonial theory.

Exploring the Relationship of Variant Degrees of National Economic Freedom to the Ethical Profiles of Millennial Business Students in Eight Countries

2020 ◽  
pp. 000765032096367
Author(s):  
James Weber ◽  
Jessica McManus Warnell
Keyword(s):  
Social Identity ◽  
Moral Development ◽  
Economic Freedom ◽  
Business Students ◽  
Value Orientation ◽  
Cognitive Moral Development ◽  
Personal Value ◽  
National Economic ◽  
Relationship Of ◽  
The Relationship

This research explores the relationship of variant degrees of a country’s economic freedom to the ethical profiles of millennial business students, specifically an individual’s personal value orientation and post-conventional reasoning. Grounded in Social Identity, Personal Values, and Cognitive Moral Development theories, we construct an ethical profile to compare responses provided by millennial business students from eight countries. Our results suggest that a country’s degree of economic freedom has some association with an individual’s ethical profile, yet we also discuss other national influences on an ethical profile. These results and their implications are discussed in the article.

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