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Nanomaterials ◽  
2022 ◽  
Vol 12 (2) ◽  
pp. 238
Author(s):  
Chooi Ling Lim ◽  
Chandramathi S. Raju ◽  
Tooba Mahboob ◽  
Sunil Kayesth ◽  
Kamal K. Gupta ◽  
...  

Phytopharmaceuticals have been widely used globally since ancient times and acknowledged by healthcare professionals and patients for their superior therapeutic value and fewer side-effects compared to modern medicines. However, phytopharmaceuticals need a scientific and methodical approach to deliver their components and thereby improve patient compliance and treatment adherence. Dose reduction, improved bioavailability, receptor selective binding, and targeted delivery of phytopharmaceuticals can be likely achieved by molding them into specific nano-formulations. In recent decades, nanotechnology-based phytopharmaceuticals have emerged as potential therapeutic candidates for the treatment of various communicable and non-communicable diseases. Nanotechnology combined with phytopharmaceuticals broadens the therapeutic perspective and overcomes problems associated with plant medicine. The current review highlights the therapeutic application of various nano-phytopharmaceuticals in neurological, cardiovascular, pulmonary, and gastro-intestinal disorders. We conclude that nano-phytopharmaceuticals emerge as promising therapeutics for many pathological conditions with good compliance and higher acceptance.


2021 ◽  
Vol 2021 ◽  
pp. 1-12
Author(s):  
Han Wang ◽  
Cheng Tang ◽  
Zezheng Gao ◽  
Yishan Huang ◽  
Boxun Zhang ◽  
...  

Type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) is a common chronic metabolic disease that has become increasingly prevalent worldwide. It poses a serious threat to human health and places a considerable burden on global social medical work. To meet the increasing demand for T2DM treatment, research on hypoglycemic drugs is rapidly developing. Cyclocarya paliurus (Batal.) Iljinskaja is a medicinal plant that grows in China. The leaves of C. paliurus contain polysaccharides, triterpenoids, and other chemical components, which have numerous health benefits. Therefore, the use of this plant has attracted extensive attention in the medical community. Over the past few decades, contemporary pharmacological studies on C. paliurus extracts have revealed that it has abundant biological activities. Multiple in vitro and in vivo experiments have shown that C. paliurus extracts are safe and can play a therapeutic role in T2DM through anti-inflammatory and antioxidation activities, and intestinal flora regulation. Its efficacy is closely related to many factors, such as extraction, separation, purification, and modification. Based on summarizing the existing extraction methods, this article further reviews the potential mechanism of C. paliurus extracts in T2DM treatment, and we aimed to provide a reference for future research on natural plant medicine for the prevention and treatment of T2DM and its related complications.


2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sarai Mirjam Keestra ◽  
Inez Derkx ◽  
Gaurav Sikka ◽  
Nikhil Chaudhary ◽  
Gul Deniz Salali

Aversion towards bitter tastes evolved across vertebrate species to enable the recognition of harmful plant toxins. Genetic background, mode of subsistence, and dietary factors may explain variation in bitter taste sensitivity between human ecologies. We are the first to examine bitter taste perception within a population at different levels of market-integration, conducting an experiment using phenylthiocarbamide (PTC) and thiourea (Thiourea) infused paper strips amongst the Mbendjele BaYaka hunter-gatherers from Congo. We investigated (i.) prevalence of bitter tasting phenotypes amongst the BaYaka; (ii.) differences between BaYaka who grew up in town and forest camps. We found that 45.1% of BaYaka experience PTC as bitter, and 42.5% experience Thiourea as bitter. There were no sex differences, however bitter tasting phenotypes were significantly more prevalent in town than in forest camps (PTC:64.1%vs35.1%; Thiourea:64.1%vs31.1%). Despite a shared genetic background, we found that BaYaka who grew up in town were more sensitive to bitter taste than those living in the forest, suggesting a developmental component in taste perception. We suggest that the dietary transition from wild to cultivated foods in BaYaka living in town and a decreased use of traditional plant medicine may underlie this variation in bitter taste perception.


2021 ◽  
Vol 2 (9) ◽  
pp. 01-29
Author(s):  
Gadissa Melkamu Bulcha

Ethiopia is a country characterized by a wide range of climate and ecological condition which helped to have high diversity of medicinal plants and up to 80% of the population use traditional medicine for primary health care. Studies on the current practices of the communities in the area are vital to document the basic information in these regars. Therefore, this study was aimed in assessing the practices of traditional plant medicine use among communities of Wonchi District. Results: The most widely used route of administration in the study area was oral accounted for (56.67%) followed by dermal (29.63%) This is the reason that oral and dermal routes permit rapid physiological reaction of the prepared medicines with the pathogens and increase its curative power. The prepared traditional medicines were applied in a number of ways, among which drinking (37.57%), creaming (16.76%), and eating (10.40%) were mentioned frequently.


Author(s):  
Gadisa Melkamu Bulcha ◽  
Kebebush Zepre

Incomplete coverage of the modern medical system, shortage of pharmaceuticals, and unaffordable prices of modern drugs, make the majority of Ethiopians still depend on traditional plant medicine. Therefore, this study is aimed to assess the current status of indigenous knowledge of traditional plant medicine used among communities of Won chi District. Method: A total of 198 informants (27 key and 171 general) were selected purposively based on the availability of key informants and vegetation richness of the District. semi-structured interview, observation, and guided field walk with informants were data collection methods. Ethnobotanical scoring and ranking methods like informant consensus, paired-wise comparison, and preference ranking were used to analyze the collected data. The findings were displayed using tables and figures. Result: A total of 93 medicinal plant species were identified. Out of these,50 species (53.76%)were noted to treat only human ailments, 3(2.23%) species were used to treat livestock ailments and the rest 40 (43.01%) were used to treat both. Nearly two-thirds of the study participants have good knowledge about traditional plant medicine use. most medicinal plants were reported by elders (94.62%) than younger age group, traditional medicinal plant healers almost know all (96.77%), regarding religion waqefata (60.21%) know than other religion. More medicinal plants were reported by males (86.02%)than females, while regarding educational status illiterate (61.29%)know and mention more Medicinal plants than literate. Therefore, all stakeholders should work together in changing the current situation in order to sustainably benefit from traditional plant medicine.


2021 ◽  
pp. 51-56
Author(s):  
Gadissa Melkamu Bulcha

The indigenous knowledge of medicinal plants appeared when humans started and learned how to use the traditional knowledge of medicinal plants. The various literature available shows the significant role of medicinal plants in primary health care delivery in Ethiopia (about 70% of humans and 90% of livestock population) depend on traditional plant medicine. This is similar to many developing countries, particularly with those countries in Sub-saharan Africa. Medicinal plants provide a vital contribution to human and livestock health care. This seminar review was an attempt to present five medicinal plants (citrus lemon, caricapapaya, Moringa stenopetala, Allium sativum, Zingiber officinale).


2021 ◽  
Vol 2021 ◽  
pp. 1-8
Author(s):  
Ping Li ◽  
Yan-Xiu Wang ◽  
Guang Yang ◽  
Zun-Cheng Zheng ◽  
Chao Yu

Objective. There is still no effective treatment of neuropathic pain. Sanguinarine is a natural plant medicine with anti-inflammatory effects, but its effect on neuropathic pain remains unclear. This study was aimed at investigating the potential of sanguinarine to attenuate neuropathic pain. Methods. Neuropathic pain was induced by chronic constriction injury (CCI) of the sciatic nerve. Rats were randomly divided into several groups: sham, CCI, CCI+SG (1.00 mg/kg), CCI+SG (2.50 mg/kg), and CCI+SG (6.25 mg/kg). SG was injected intraperitoneally from the day of surgery every three days. The mechanical withdrawal threshold (MWT) and thermal withdrawal latency (TWL) were recorded before surgery and on days 1, 3, 7, and 14 after surgery. The microglia in the spinal dorsal horn were examined by immunofluorescence. p38 MAPK expression in the spinal dorsal horn was detected by PCR and Western blot analysis. Cytokine levels in the spinal dorsal horn were measured by ELISA. Results. MWT and TWL were significantly reduced in the CCI group, but sanguinarine recovered MWT and TWL in the CCI group. In addition, sanguinarine inhibited the activation of microglia and decreased the expression of p-p38 and TNF-α, IL-1β, and IL-6 in the spinal dorsal horn of the CCI group in a dose-dependent manner. Conclusions. Our results suggest that sanguinarine can attenuate neuropathic pain via inhibiting the activation of microglia and the activation of the p38 MAPK signaling pathway.


Author(s):  
Shekh Arif S. ◽  
Shinde Sushilkumar A. ◽  
Kale Ravindra H ◽  
Biyani Kailash R.

Diuretics are commonly defined as drugs that increase the amount of urine produced by kidney. A precise definition is that diuretics are the agent which augment the renal excretion of sodium and either chloride or bicarbonate primarily, and water excretion secondarily. The term “saluretic” is sometime used to describe a drug that increase the renal excretion of sodium and chloride ion Diuretics are responsible for increase the rate of urine flow, sodium excretion and to maintain the volume and composition of body fluids in a various clinical Disorders. But drug-induced diuresis is very much beneficial in such type of life-threatening disorders like CHF, hypertension, renal failure, Liver cirrhosis and often pregnancy toxaemia.[1] Diuretics relieve pulmonary congestion and peripheral edema. This decreases cardiac workload, oxygen demand and plasma volume, thus decreasing blood pressure. Thus, diuretics play an important role in hypertensive patients.[2] Plant medicine is commonly used in the traditional treatment of some renal diseases, and many plants are reported to possess significant diuretic activity. The diuretic activity of a number of plants used in ethno medicine as diuretic agents has been confirmed in experimental animal. [3]The progress of a polyherbal formulation is a tough job because of the large number of different chemical compounds present in the different medicinal plants.


2021 ◽  
Vol Volume 15 ◽  
pp. 1385-1408
Author(s):  
Huihui Ti ◽  
Zixi Zhuang ◽  
Qian Yu ◽  
Shumei Wang

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