Elder Mistreatment: a Clinical, Social, and Legal Concern

2021 ◽  
Vol 3 (2) ◽  
pp. 59-68
Author(s):  
Muhammad Rasyid Este
Keyword(s):  
Social Services ◽  
Elder Abuse ◽  
The Elderly ◽  
Elder Mistreatment ◽  
Community Factors ◽  
Patient Protection ◽  
Physical Injuries ◽  
Relationship Factors ◽  
Law Enforcement Management ◽  
State Examination

Elder mistreatment is all activities carried out by other people towards the elderly which are classified as dangerous and causing harm, such as physical, verbal, financial or material abuse and or neglect, and violation of human rights. The incidence ranges from 3.2% to 27.5% of the elderly population, where this population is predicted to be 1.2 billion people by 2025. The main risk factors are under-reporting, individual factors, relationship factors, community factors and social factors. The diagnosis includes anamnesis of the patient, family or caregiver. Detection begins by confirming any cognitive impairment, using the Mini-Cog or Mini Mental State Examination (MMSE) form. Followed by screening, which can be done using the Elder Abuse Suspicion Index (EASI) instrument, then a physical examination looks for evidence of acts of abuse or neglect. Intervention is carried out by providing medical treatment for physical injuries, temporary protection, keeping the perpetrator away from the victim, and education on patterns of mistreatment that can involve social services and law enforcement. Management includes a complete and focused examination of mistreatment, preparing a safety plan, which is providing plans to improve patient protection, as well as education on treatment goals. Patient management should use a multidisciplinary team consisting of doctors, nurses, social workers, legal representatives and administrative officers. Complete data and clear laws and regulations regarding mistreatment are needed, such as in America and Britain where absolute mistreatment is legally reported.

scholarly journals The need of the elderly for nursing and social services in the community of Kaunas district

Medicina ◽  
2007 ◽  
Vol 43 (11) ◽  
pp. 903 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lina Hitaitė ◽  
Lina Spirgienė
Keyword(s):  
Social Services ◽  
Barthel Index ◽  
Medical Training ◽  
The Elderly ◽  
Rural Elderly ◽  
Urban Elderly ◽  
Nursing Services ◽  
Outpatient Departments ◽  
Primary Health Care Centers ◽  
State Examination

The aim of this study was to evaluate the need of the elderly for outpatient nursing and social services in Kaunas district. Material and methods. The object of the study was elderly people (aged 65 years and more) living in Kaunas district. A questionnaire was used for interviewing. The sample was randomly selected from the lists of people registered at the primary health care centers (including outpatient departments and medical aid centers). A total of 390 inhabitants were investigated who represent all the elderly of Kaunas district. The independence of the respondents was evaluated by the standard tests (the Barthel Index and Mini-Mental State Examination). Results. The respondents reported that 71.3% of them needed nursing and 58.2% social services. The need for the services was higher in older age group. The rural elderly reported higher need for social services (64.3%) than the urban elderly (49.6%). Less than half (45.9%) of respondents referred having problems visiting the general practitioner. Majority of the respondents (86.4%) pointed out that those who took care of them had no special medical training. Totally or almost totally dependent respondents (groups by Barthel Index) needed social (88.0%) and nursing (96.0%) services. Majority of respondents (79.2%) preferred to be cared at home. Conclusions. More than half of the elderly needed both nursing and social services. The need for social services differently from nursing services was influenced by the living place of the respondents; the rural elderly needed services more than the urban elderly.

Elder Mistreatment

2002 ◽  
Vol 20 (1) ◽  
pp. 369-395 ◽  
Author(s):  
TERRY FULMER
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Older Adults ◽  
Elder Abuse ◽  
The Elderly ◽  
The United States ◽  
Computer Assisted ◽  
Nursing Research ◽  
Elder Mistreatment ◽  
Replication Studies ◽  
New Research

Elder mistreatment (EM) is a serious and prevalent syndrome that is estimated to affect between 500,000 to 1.2 million older adults in the United States annually (Pillemer & Finkelhor, 1988). This chapter reviews both the state of the published science and limitations in the knowledge base on the topic. The literature for this review was obtained through computer-assisted searches of PubMed (878 citations), the Cumulative Index of Nursing Research (CINAHL) (593 citations) and Psych-Info databases (443 citations). The search terms used were elder mistreatment, elder neglect, elder abuse, or domestic abuse of the elderly. No limit was placed on the age of publications because of the relative scarcity of research on the subject. Nonnursing articles were included because there are so few nurse researchers addressing this topic. The age limit for subjects in these studies was 65 years and older. Studies were limited to those conducted in the United States, and descriptive studies were included as they form the majority of the research to date. Findings indicate that frail, very old (over 75 years), older adults who have a diagnosis of depression or dementia are more likely to be mistreated (Dyer, Pavlik, Murphy, & Hyman, 2000; Coyne, Reichman, & Berbig, 1993; Fulmer & Gurland, 1996; Lachs & Pillemer, 1995; Lachs et al., 1997; Lachs, Williams, O’Brien, Pillemer, & Charlson, 1998; Lachs & Fulmer, 1993; Lachs, Berkman, Fulmer, & Horwitz, 1994). Those older adults who required assistance with activities of daily living had poor social networks and were at higher risk for EM (Lachs & Pillemer, 1995; Lachs et al., 1997; Lachs et al., 1998; Lachs & Fulmer, 1993; Lachs et al., 1994). Neglect, as a subcategory of EM, accounts for the majority of cases (Fulmer, Paveza, Abraham, & Fairchild, 2000; Pavlik, Hyman, Festa, & Bitondo Dyer, 2001; Fulmer & Gurland, 1996). There is still debate regarding the role of minority status, abuse in childhood, and the persons most likely to mistreat older adults. There is a critical need for replication studies and new research on this important topic. Problems with measurement, funding challenges, and the paucity of investigators conducting research on EM have left the field with several unanswered questions and some conflicting findings. This chapter summarizes the interdisciplinary literature and makes recommendations for future nursing research programs.

scholarly journals Recognizing and Intervening on Elder Abuse, Neglect, and Exploitation in the Age of COVID-19

2021 ◽  
Vol 5 (Supplement_1) ◽  
pp. 73-73
Author(s):  
Pi-Ju Liu ◽  
Pamela Teaster
Keyword(s):  
Older Adults ◽  
Social Services ◽  
Service Providers ◽  
Elder Abuse ◽  
Protective Services ◽  
Policy And Practice ◽  
Future Health ◽  
Elder Mistreatment ◽  
Adult Protective Services ◽  
Age Related

Abstract The rapid outbreak of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) caused by the severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) has led to a global pandemic. Public health measures to prevent the spread of COVID-19, such as social distancing and self-quarantine, have drastically altered people’s lives and led to social isolation, financial instability, and disrupted access to healthcare and social services. Older adults have not only borne the brunt of the highest COVID-19 mortality rates, but recent studies also describe growing reports of elder mistreatment. It is necessary to attend to these age-related disparities during the remainder of the COVID-19 pandemic and future health crises. This symposium includes four presentations on researchers’ findings in elder mistreatment during the COVID-19 pandemic. Dr. E-Shien Chang will compare prevalence of elder mistreatment before and since the pandemic, and highlight associated risk and protective factors during the pandemic. Dr. Lena Makaroun will examine changes in elder mistreatment risk factors among caregivers during the pandemic. Dr. Pamela Teaster will present Adult Protective Services’ (APS) policy and practice changes in response to the pandemic to demonstrate the pandemic’s impact on service providers. Lastly, Dr. Pi-Ju (Marian) Liu will appraise elder mistreatment victims’ awareness of COVID-19 and their unmet needs during the pandemic. Following the four presentations, Dr. Pamela Teaster will moderate a discussion on how elder mistreatment is a growing concern, especially during the pandemic, and what service providers are doing to protect older adults.

Validity of the Elderly Behavior Assessment for Relatives (EBAR)

2000 ◽  
Vol 16 (1) ◽  
pp. 77-83 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lina Pezzuti ◽  
Caterina Laicardi ◽  
Marco Lauriola
Keyword(s):  
Cognitive Functioning ◽  
Mini Mental State Examination ◽  
Rating Scale ◽  
Good Health ◽  
The Elderly ◽  
Behavior Assessment ◽  
Elderly Persons ◽  
Behavior Rating Scale ◽  
Components Analysis ◽  
State Examination

Summary: An Elderly Behavior Assessment for Relatives (EBAR), updating the GERRI ( Schwartz, 1983 ), was administered to relatives (or significant others) of 349 elderly persons, from 60 to over 80 years of age, living at home, in good health and without cognitive impairment. A trained psychologist administered subjects the Life Satisfaction for Elderly Scale (LSES), the Instrumental Activity of Daily Living (IADL), the Mini Mental State Examination (MMSE), and personally answered to an overall elderly behavior rating scale (RA). EBAR items were first examined. The more attractive and less discriminative statements were excluded. A principal components analysis was carried out on the remaining EBAR items. Three factors were extracted. After varimax rotation they were tentatively labeled: Everyday Cognitive Functioning, Depression, and Hostility. Factor-driven EBAR subscales were designed, taking into account simpler items in the factor matrix. Results provide evidence for EBAR construct validity. Everyday Cognitive Functioning is connected to the IADL and the RA scores; Depression is very highly related to the LSES; Hostility is weakly related to RA, IADL, and MMSE, indicating that the scale needs further investigation.

Historical and medical aspects of the organization of medical and social services for the elderly and senile people in Russia in the late XX — early XXI centuries

2020 ◽  
pp. 49-57
Author(s):  
Lyudmila Kaspruk
Keyword(s):  
Health Care ◽  
Social Services ◽  
Social Protection ◽  
The Elderly ◽  
Primary Role ◽  
Primary Health ◽  
Geriatric Service ◽  
Delivery Of Medical Care ◽  
Older Citizens

When analyzing the historical and medical aspects of the organization of medical and social services for the elderly and senile people in Russia in the late XX — early XXI centuries not only obvious achievements in this sphere, but also a number of problems requiring solution were identified. The primary role in the delivery of medical care to geriatric patients is assigned to the primary health care sector. However the work of the geriatric service in the format of a single system for the provision of long-term medical and social care based on the continuity of patient management between differ- ent levels of the health care system and between the health and social protection services is not well organized. There is no clear coordination and interaction between health care and social protection institutions, functions of which include providing care to older citizens, and it significantly reduces the effectiveness of the provision of both medical and social services.

Predictors of Mortality in Board and Care Homes

1997 ◽  
Vol 36 (1) ◽  
pp. 77-87 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nicholas G. Castle
Keyword(s):  
Nursing Home ◽  
Nursing Homes ◽  
Social Services ◽  
Long Term Care ◽  
Significant Proportion ◽  
The Elderly ◽  
Term Care ◽  
Care Facilities ◽  
Board And Care

Long-term care institutions have emerged as dominant sites of death for the elderly. However, studies of this trend have primarily examined nursing homes. The purpose of this research is to determine demographic, functional, disease, and facility predictors and/or correlates of death for the elderly residing in board and care facilities. Twelve factors are found to be significant: proportion of residents older than sixty-five years of age, proportion of residents who are chair- or bed-fast, proportion of residents with HIV, bed size, ownership, chain membership, affiliation with a nursing home, number of health services provided other than by the facility, the number of social services provided other than by the facility, the number of social services provided by the facility, and visits by Ombudsmen. These are discussed and comparisons with similar studies in nursing homes are made.

Care of Elderly Germans Suffering from Dementia and other Diseases in Private Social Welfare Institutions in Poland — A Case Study

2016 ◽  
Vol 6 (1) ◽  
pp. 70-85
Author(s):  
Nicole Horáková ◽  
Jan Kajfosz
Keyword(s):  
Social Services ◽  
Narrative Analysis ◽  
Institutional Care ◽  
Family Care ◽  
Field Research ◽  
High Standard ◽  
The Elderly ◽  
Private Care ◽  
The Social ◽  
Care Of Elderly

The European society is getting older and nobody knows how to deal with this problem. There are different models from family care, special housing for elderly to professional institutional care, which has the disadvantage of being very expensive. In Germany we have noticed in the last two or three years a special trend to send old people suffering from dementia to foreign countries, because these people need intensive care and the social services for example in Poland have a high standard. The aim of our survey is to dismantle, by the example of the private care institution situated in Poland, Upper Silesia which specializes on German customers, the social practices associated with placing the elderly in such institutions and also the methods of constructing meanings of these practices providing clarity in the various groups that take part in this process. To reach this aim we used qualitative field research, including discourse and narrative analysis of various materials (interviews, promotional texts, websites), which beside other things allowed us to reconstruct the media image of the surveyed residences for the elderly and show it in a wider context.

scholarly journals When Helping Hurts: Nonabusing Family, Friends, and Neighbors in the Lives of Elder Mistreatment Victims

2020 ◽  
Vol 4 (Supplement_1) ◽  
pp. 628-628
Author(s):  
Risa Breckman ◽  
David Burnes ◽  
Sarah Ross ◽  
Philip Marshall ◽  
J Jill Suitor ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Elder Abuse ◽  
Representative Survey ◽  
Elder Mistreatment ◽  
Professional Help ◽  
Nationally Representative

Abstract Research conducted by the NYC Elder Abuse Center (NYCEAC) at Weill Cornell Medicine and colleagues found that concerned persons experience significant distress knowing about elder abuse and trying to assist victims. Data will be presented from a nationally representative survey which included items on concerned persons in elder abuse. Thirty-one percent of all respondents reported that they had a relative or friend who experienced elder abuse; of these, 61% had attempted to help the victim and over 80% reported the experience is very or extremely stressful (2017). By both knowing about and becoming involved in elder abuse situations, concerned persons experience significant emotional and practical problems and often need professional help. NYCEAC’s Elder Abuse Helpline for Concerned Persons is the first of its kind in the country. The Helpline’s services and structure will be explained, and possibilities for replication in other locations will be explored.

scholarly journals Combined instruments for the screening of dementia in older people with low Education

2009 ◽  
Vol 67 (2a) ◽  
pp. 185-190 ◽  
Author(s):  
Cássio M.C. Bottino ◽  
Sonia E. Zevallos-Bustamante ◽  
Marcos A. Lopes ◽  
Dionisio Azevedo ◽  
Sérgio R. Hototian ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Older People ◽  
The Elderly ◽  
Cognitive Tests ◽  
Weighted Sum ◽  
Dementia Screening ◽  
Moderate Dementia ◽  
Icd 10 ◽  
Roc Area ◽  
Low Educated ◽  
State Examination

OBJECTIVE: To determine which combination of cognitive tests and informant reports can improve the diagnostic accuracy of dementia screening in low educated older people. METHOD: Patients with mild to moderate dementia (n=34) according to ICD-10 and DSM-III-R criteria and 59 older controls were assessed with the Mini-Mental State Examination (MMSE) and the Fuld Object Memory Evaluation (FOME). Informants were assessed using the Informant Questionnaire on Cognitive Decline in the Elderly and the Bayer-Activities of Daily Living Scale. RESULTS: The 4 instruments combined with the mixed rule correctly classified 100% and the logistic regression (weighted sum) classified 95.7% of subjects. The weighted sum had a significantly larger ROC area compared to MMSE (p=0.008) and FOME (p=0.023). The specificity of the tested combinations was superior to the MMSE alone (p=0.002). CONCLUSIONS: Cognitive tests combined with informant reports can improve the screening of mild to moderate dementia in low educated older people.

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