scholarly journals Mortality Rates by College Degree Before and During COVID-19

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Anne Case ◽  
Angus Deaton
Keyword(s):  
Mortality Rates ◽  
College Degree

scholarly journals NO INCREASE IN RELATIVE MORTALITY RATES FOR THOSE WITHOUT A COLLEGE DEGREE DURING COVID-19: AN ANOMALY

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Anne Case ◽  
Angus Deaton
Keyword(s):  
Protective Effect ◽  
Sex Education ◽  
Public Transportation ◽  
Relative Risk Reduction ◽  
Mortality Rates ◽  
College Degree ◽  
Health Statistics ◽  
Risk Of Death ◽  
Percentage Points ◽  
Race Ethnicity

American mortality rates have diverged in recent years between those with and without a four-year college degree, and there are many reasons to expect the education-mortality gradient to have steepened during the pandemic. Those without a BA are more likely to work in frontline occupations, to rely on public transportation, and to live in crowded quarters, all of which are associated with an increase in infection risk, a risk that was zero prior to the pandemic. We use publicly available data from the National Center for Health Statistics on deaths by age, sex, education and race/ethnicity to assess the protective effect of a BA in 2020 compared to 2019. While the BA was strongly protective during 2020, the ratio of mortality rates between those with and without a degree was little changed relative to pre-pandemic years. Among 60 groups (gender by race/ethnicity by age) that are available in the data, the relative risk reduction associated with a BA fell for more than half the groups between 2019 and 2020, and increased by more than 5 percentage points for only five groups. Our main finding is not that the BA was protective against death in 2020, which has long been the case, but that the protective effect was little different than in 2019 and earlier years, in spite of the change in the pattern of risk by occupation and income. The virus maintained the mortality-education gradient that existed pre-pandemic, at least through the end of 2020. Our results suggest that changes in the risk of infection were less important in structuring mortality than changes in the risk of death conditional on infection.

Inequalities and Impact of Socioeconomic-Cultural Factors in Suicide Rates Across Italy

Crisis ◽  
2011 ◽  
Vol 32 (4) ◽  
pp. 178-185 ◽  
Author(s):  
Maurizio Pompili ◽  
Marco Innamorati ◽  
Monica Vichi ◽  
Maria Masocco ◽  
Nicola Vanacore ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Suicide Rate ◽  
Age Groups ◽  
Premature Death ◽  
Mortality Rates ◽  
Mortality Data ◽  
Italian Population ◽  
Comprehensive Overview ◽  
Suicide Rates ◽  
Younger Age ◽  
Age And Sex

Background: Suicide is a major cause of premature death in Italy and occurs at different rates in the various regions. Aims: The aim of the present study was to provide a comprehensive overview of suicide in the Italian population aged 15 years and older for the years 1980–2006. Methods: Mortality data were extracted from the Italian Mortality Database. Results: Mortality rates for suicide in Italy reached a peak in 1985 and declined thereafter. The different patterns observed by age and sex indicated that the decrease in the suicide rate in Italy was initially the result of declining rates in those aged 45+ while, from 1997 on, the decrease was attributable principally to a reduction in suicide rates among the younger age groups. It was found that socioeconomic factors underlined major differences in the suicide rate across regions. Conclusions: The present study confirmed that suicide is a multifaceted phenomenon that may be determined by an array of factors. Suicide prevention should, therefore, be targeted to identifiable high-risk sociocultural groups in each country.

Global Suicide Mortality Rates – A Light at the End of the Tunnel?

Crisis ◽  
2012 ◽  
Vol 33 (5) ◽  
pp. 249-253 ◽  
Author(s):  
José Manoel Bertolote ◽  
Diego De Leo
Keyword(s):  
Mortality Rates ◽  
Suicide Mortality

Morbidity, mortality rates high among heavy, light drinkers

2002 ◽  
Author(s):  
Theobald
Keyword(s):  
Mortality Rates

Malignancy Incidence, Mortality Rates Declining

2010 ◽  
Vol 40 (1) ◽  
pp. 68
Author(s):  
JOYCE FRIEDEN
Keyword(s):  
Mortality Rates

One-Year Morbidity and Mortality Rates Associated with Clipping Unruptured Intracranial Aneurysms

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Khodayar Goshtasbi ◽  
Ronald Sahyouni ◽  
Alice Wang ◽  
Edward Choi ◽  
Gilbert Cadena ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Intracranial Aneurysms ◽  
Mortality Rates ◽  
Morbidity And Mortality ◽  
Unruptured Intracranial Aneurysms ◽  
One Year
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