scholarly journals Характеристика народов Поволжья по данным дискретно-варьирующих признаков посткраниального скелета

2021 ◽  
pp. 219-237
Author(s):  
Е.А. Вагнер-Сапухина
Keyword(s):  
Extreme Values ◽  
Ural Region ◽  
Volga Region ◽  
Dental Morphology ◽  
Postcranial Skeleton ◽  
Specific Complex ◽  
The One ◽  
Metric Traits ◽  
Volga Ural Region ◽  
Good Agreement

Статья посвящена изучению изменчивости дискретно-варьирующих признаков в поволжских популяциях. В качестве теоретической основы были взяты гипотезы о происхождении народов Волго-Уральского региона, сформулированные в результате анализа данных о морфологии зубной системы. Материалом для данной работы послужили 11 остеологических серий близких к современности групп – 7 по народам Поволжья и 4 сравнительных, общей численностью 626 индивидов. Методика исследования включала в себя фиксацию 64 признаков на посткраниальном скелете, 16 из которых были использованы при статистической обработке материала. Эмпирический анализ данных показал значительную вариабельность большинства признаков. При описании их изменчивости удалось обнаружить некоторые тенденции: например, башкирская и бурятская серии часто оказывались в пределах крайних значений частот ряда признаков. Группа мордвы-мокши также обладала особой специфичностью. Две группы удмуртов, как и чувашей, оказались достаточно близки между собой, а русские Старой Ладоги не отличались от поволжских групп. Многомерные статистические анализы позволили уточнить эмпирически сформулированные гипотезы. Полученные результаты по распределению дискретно-варьирующих признаков длинных костей скелета хорошо согласуются с одонтологическими данными. Буряты обладают специфическим комплексом признаков, который крайне далек от комплекса, характерного для поволжских групп. Башкиры оказались отделенными от поволжских популяций не только по одонтологическим данным, но и по частотам неметрических признаков посткраниального скелета. Близость саамов к поволжским сериям также согласуется с данными по морфологии зубной системы. The study of the variability of non-metric traits in Volga region populations is based on the hypotheses about the origin of the peoples of the Volga-Ural region, formulated through the analysis of data on the dental system morphology. The material for this work consists of 11 osteological groups close to modernity – 7 for the Volga region peoples and 4 comparative groups, with a total number of 626 individuals. The research method included recording 64 traits on the postcranial skeleton, 16 of which were used in the statistical analysis. Empirical analysis of the data revealed significant variability of most traits. Some trends could be detected: for example, the Bashkir and Buryat samples often demonstrated extreme values of frequencies of a number of traits. The Mordva-Moksha group was also specific. The Udmurtian samples, as well as the Chuvash groups, were quite close to each other, and the Old Ladoga Russians did not differ from the Volga groups. Multidimensional statistical analyses allowed to refine empirically selected hypotheses. The distribution of non-metric traits of long bones is in good agreement with odontological data. Buryats have a specific complex, which is very far from the one characteristic for the Volga groups. Bashkirs turned out to be an outlying group not only according to odontological data, but also according to the frequency of non-metric traits of the postcranial skeleton. The proximity of the Saam to the Volga samples is also consistent with the data on dental morphology.

Present day bio-invasions in the Volga-Ural Region: from the South to the North or from the East to the West? Cameraria ohridella (Lepidoptera: Gracillariidae) in the Lower and Middle Volga

Zootaxa ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 4624 (4) ◽  
pp. 583-588
Author(s):  
VASILIY ANIKIN
Keyword(s):  
Ural Region ◽  
Volga Region ◽  
Leaf Miner ◽  
Horse Chestnut ◽  
The West ◽  
The North ◽  
Middle Volga ◽  
Chestnut Leaf ◽  
First Time ◽  
Volga Ural Region

The occurrence of the invasive horse-chestnut leaf miner, Cameraria ohridella, in the cities of Saratov and Samara in the Volga Region was recorded for the first time in 2018. Possible pathways of species penetration from the southern parts of European Russia are discussed. 

scholarly journals Reassessment of the cranial and dental data from the Upper Paleolithic site of Kostenki 15

2020 ◽  
Vol 5 (2) ◽  
pp. 147-155
Author(s):  
Alisa Zubova ◽  
◽  
Viacheslav Moiseyev ◽  
Aleksandr Kulkov ◽  
Anatolii Obodovskiy ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Upper Paleolithic ◽  
Dental Morphology ◽  
Paleolithic Site ◽  
Long Distance ◽  
Dental Metrics ◽  
Specific Complex ◽  
Ct Analysis ◽  
The Individual ◽  
High Level ◽  
Metric Traits

In the article we present new results of the study of the child skull found in a burial at the Upper Paleolithic site of Kostenki 15 (Gorodtsov site). While the CT analysis of the earlier reconstructed skull revealed high level of destruction of the morphologically important landmarks which prevents from using the conventional cranial metric characteristics of the individual in population studies, the analysis of its dental morphology was shown to be much more informative. Our study revealed that the upper incisors and lower molars of the sample display a specific complex of non-metric traits which combine European (4-cusped first molars) traits with such Asian characteristics as shovel-shaped upper lateral incisors, odontoglyphic patterns on the first lower molars, and morphology of the second lower deciduous molars. The results of the statistical analysis of the dental metrics does not match with the hypothesis on close biological affinities of the Kostenki 15 child with Předmostí and Dolní Věstonice populations put forward by Yakimov but again revealed intermediate European-Asian position of the Kostenki 15 sample. Several European samples including those from the Pavlov, Cap Blanc and Grotte de la Balauzière sites and one Siberian sample from the Malta settlement demonstrate the highest level of similarity with the Kostenki 15. Apparently, it can be argued that the results of our study suggest long distance migrations in Eurasia as early as the Upper Paleolithic.

scholarly journals Recitation of sacred text in rites of passage among the Muslims of Volga-Ural Region (XIX – XXI centuries)

2020 ◽  
pp. 60-66
Author(s):  
Oleg Sokolov
Keyword(s):  
Rites Of Passage ◽  
Great Majority ◽  
Ural Region ◽  
Volga Region ◽  
Sacred Text ◽  
Muslim Population ◽  
Continuous Contact ◽  
Prayer Books ◽  
Xix Century ◽  
Volga Ural Region

The subject of this research is the rites of passage among the Muslims of Volga-Ural Region in historical perspective. Ritual practices of the Muslim population of Volga Region are of particular interest since they developed in the conditions of continuous contact with non-Muslim population, and religious was often a key factor of national self-identification. Examination of the patterns of inclusion of the sacred text fragments into Muslim rituals in Volga-Ural Region has not previously been a topic of separate research within the Russian and Western anthropology. Analysis of functionality of the sacred text in rites of passage among the Muslims of Volga Region was conducted within the framework of methodology of diachronic analysis through comparing the records from Arabographic manuscripts and modern editions of prayer books. It is underlined that the prayers presented in manuscript of the XIX century are formulaic and repetitive, consisting usually of brief repeating fragments – epithets of Allah, names of prophets and chapters Ayats. Modern prayer books contain the whole Ayats and Surahs, or citations from Hadith. Such difference can be explained by widely accessible printed literature and expansive increase in the literacy level among population of the region comparing to the XIX century. The author notes that the great majority of prayers in both types of sources are in Arab language, which emphasizes a sacred significance of Arab language in the Muslim culture.

scholarly journals The features of the skeleton of the population in the early bronze age of the Volga-Ural Region

2020 ◽  
Vol 9 (4) ◽  
pp. 224-231
Author(s):  
Artem Petrovich Grigoryev
Keyword(s):  
Bronze Age ◽  
Ural Region ◽  
Volga Region ◽  
Early Bronze Age ◽  
Forest Steppe ◽  
Left Bank ◽  
Body Type ◽  
Late Stone Age ◽  
Group A ◽  
Volga Ural Region

The paper is devoted to the study of a series of postcranial skeletons from the Early Bronze Age burial grounds on the steppe and forest-steppe territory of the Volga and Ural Rivers basin. Using the standard osteometric technique in the processing of the material and statistical techniques in its analysis, the morphological originality of the male part of the population was revealed. Within the group a robust tall type of constitution dominates, more or less found among the representatives of the early pastoral groups in the Ural-Volga Region. The specificity of the group originating from the territory of the left bank of the Sok River is revealed; it consists in the gracile of the skeleton. Compared to the chronologically synchronous groups of the Early Bronze Age, the Volga-Ural group has a somewhat more massive skeleton structure, especially on the background of the gracile sample of the Lower Don. The author has revealed similarity with the Eneolithic group of the Dnieper-Donets Region. The dominance of the hypermorphic body type in the group of the Early Bronze Age in the Volga-Ural Region is genetically associated with the population of the Late Stone Age in the Dnieper Region. The population of the Khvalynsk Eneolithic culture of the Volga Region, considered by some specialists as ancestral for the Early Bronze Age pastoralists, has a noticeably more gracile osteological constitution and morphologically approaches the Neolithic population of Central Europe.

RESULTS OF STUDYING CLONAL APPLE ROOTSTOCKS IN DIFFERENT ECOLOGICAL CONDITIONS OF THE VOLGA-URAL REGION

2020 ◽  
Vol 63 (1) ◽  
pp. 137-145
Author(s):  
O E. Merezhko ◽  
E. Z. Savin ◽  
T. V. Berezina ◽  
A. A. Mushinskiy ◽  
E. V. Aminova ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Ural Region ◽  
Apple Rootstocks ◽  
Ecological Conditions ◽  
Volga Ural Region

Effect of leakage and blockage on the acoustic behavior of particle filters

2019 ◽  
Vol 67 (6) ◽  
pp. 483-492
Author(s):  
Seonghyeon Baek ◽  
Iljae Lee
Keyword(s):  
Transfer Matrix ◽  
Particle Filters ◽  
Acoustic Analysis ◽  
Transmission Loss ◽  
One Dimensional ◽  
Filter System ◽  
The Difference ◽  
The One ◽  
Analytical Approaches ◽  
Good Agreement

The effects of leakage and blockage on the acoustic performance of particle filters have been examined by using one-dimensional acoustic analysis and experimental methods. First, the transfer matrix of a filter system connected to inlet and outlet pipes with conical sections is measured using a two-load method. Then, the transfer matrix of a particle filter only is extracted from the experiments by applying inverse matrices of the conical sections. In the analytical approaches, the one-dimensional acoustic model for the leakage between the filter and the housing is developed. The predicted transmission loss shows a good agreement with the experimental results. Compared to the baseline, the leakage between the filter and housing increases transmission loss at a certain frequency and its harmonics. In addition, the transmission loss for the system with a partially blocked filter is measured. The blockage of the filter also increases the transmission loss at higher frequencies. For the simplicity of experiments to identify the leakage and blockage, the reflection coefficients at the inlet of the filter system have been measured using two different downstream conditions: open pipe and highly absorptive terminations. The experiments show that with highly absorptive terminations, it is easier to see the difference between the baseline and the defects.

scholarly journals Estimation of the Noise Source Level of a Commercial Ship Using On-Board Pressure Sensors

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (3) ◽  
pp. 1243
Author(s):  
Hongseok Jeong ◽  
Jeung-Hoon Lee ◽  
Yong-Hyun Kim ◽  
Hanshin Seol
Keyword(s):  
Noise Source ◽  
Pressure Sensors ◽  
Low Frequency ◽  
Frequency Resolution ◽  
Source Strength ◽  
Recording Time ◽  
Source Level ◽  
The One ◽  
Hydrophone Array ◽  
Good Agreement

The dominant underwater noise source of a ship is known to be propeller cavitation. Recently, attempts have been made to quantify the source strength using on-board pressure sensors near the propeller, as this has advantages over conventional noise measurement. In this study, a beamforming method was used to estimate the source strength of a cavitating propeller. The method was validated against a model-scale measurement in a cavitation tunnel, which showed good agreement between the measured and estimated source levels. The method was also applied to a full-scale measurement, in which the source level was measured using an external hydrophone array. The estimated source level using the hull pressure sensors showed good agreement with the measured one above 400 Hz, which shows potential for noise monitoring using on-board sensors. A parametric study was carried out to check the practicality of the method. From the results, it was shown that a sufficient recording time is required to obtain a consistent level at high frequencies. Changing the frequency resolution had little effect on the result, as long as enough data were provided for the one-third octave band conversion. The number of sensors affected the mid- to low-frequency data.

scholarly journals Post-liquefaction reconsolidation of sand

2016 ◽  
Vol 472 (2186) ◽  
pp. 20150745 ◽  
Author(s):  
O. Adamidis ◽  
G. S. P. Madabhushi
Keyword(s):  
Void Ratio ◽  
One Dimensional ◽  
Geotechnical Centrifuge ◽  
Significant Damage ◽  
Pore Water Pressures ◽  
The One ◽  
Crucial Parameter ◽  
Excess Pore ◽  
Good Agreement ◽  
Made In

Loosely packed sand that is saturated with water can liquefy during an earthquake, potentially causing significant damage. Once the shaking is over, the excess pore water pressures that developed during the earthquake gradually dissipate, while the surface of the soil settles, in a process called post-liquefaction reconsolidation. When examining reconsolidation, the soil is typically divided in liquefied and solidified parts, which are modelled separately. The aim of this paper is to show that this fragmentation is not necessary. By assuming that the hydraulic conductivity and the one-dimensional stiffness of liquefied sand have real, positive values, the equation of consolidation can be numerically solved throughout a reconsolidating layer. Predictions made in this manner show good agreement with geotechnical centrifuge experiments. It is shown that the variation of one-dimensional stiffness with effective stress and void ratio is the most crucial parameter in accurately capturing reconsolidation.

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