scholarly journals Producción de blastosporas de Simplicillium lanosoniveum en medios de cultivo líquidos

2021 ◽  
Vol 52 ◽  
pp. e1392
Author(s):  
Gerardo García-Nevárez ◽  
Eduardo Hidalgo-Jaminson ◽  
Rodolfo Velásquez-Valle
Keyword(s):  
Hemileia Vastatrix

Antecedentes: Los hongos del género Simplicillium son enemigos naturales de la roya del café, Hemileia vastatrix. La producción de altas concentraciones de propágulos del micoparásito es fundamental para el manejo biorracional del patógeno. Objetivos: Evaluar la producción de blastosporas de Simplicillium lanosoniveum in vitro. Métodos: Se evaluó la producción de blastosporas de S. lanosoniveum (SL) en cuatro medios de cultivo líquidos con diferentes fuentes de carbono y nitrógeno: medio base (MB), medio Jackson (MJ), medio Bayfolan-Soya (BS) y medio Bayfolan-Quitina (BQ), inoculados con una suspensión de SL (1x106 conidios/50 mL de medio). Resultados y conclusiones: Los medios BQ y BS registraron la mayor producción de blastosporas 14 días después de la inoculación (BQ=1.2X108 y BS=4.8X107). Estos resultados demuestran que es factible su uso para la reproducción de S. lanosoniveum.

scholarly journals Chemical characterization and determination of in vivo and in vitro antifungal activity of essential oils from four Eucalyptus species against the Hemileia vastatrix Berk and Br fungus, the agent of coffee leaf rust

2020 ◽  
pp. 1379-1384
Author(s):  
Alex Rodrigues Silva Caetano ◽  
Sara Maria Chalfoun ◽  
Mario Lúcio Vilela Resende ◽  
Caroline Lima Angélico ◽  
Wilder Douglas Santiago ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Gas Chromatography ◽  
Antifungal Activity ◽  
Essential Oil ◽  
Essential Oils ◽  
Chemical Characterization ◽  
Eucalyptus Species ◽  
Hemileia Vastatrix ◽  
Antifungal Activities

Essential oils, also known as volatile oils, are substances produced through the secondary metabolism of plants. In this study, we determined the chemical composition and the in vitro and in vivo antifungal activity of the essential oils from four species of Eucalyptus, Eucalyptus citriodora, Eucalyptus camaldulensis, Eucalyptus grandis and Eucalyptus microcorys, against the Hemileia vastatrix fungus. The essential oils from these four species of Eucalyptus were extracted from their leaves by the hydrodistillation technique using a modified Clevenger apparatus. The chemical characterization was performed by gas chromatography coupled with a mass spectrometer detector and by gas chromatography using a flame ionization detector. The antifungal activities of the essential oils against H. vastatrix were studied by evaluating the percentage of spore germination using the microdilution test for in vitro assays. The curative and preventive effects were evaluated in in vivo tests. The principal constituents of the essential oil from E. citriodora were citronellal, citronellol and isopulegol, while E. camaldulensis produced 1,8-cineole, α-terpineol and α-pinene. 1,8-cineole, α-pinene and α-terpineol were obtained from E. grandis and 1,8-cineole, α-pinene and trans-pinocarveol were the principal components in the essential oil of E. microcorys. In vitro and in vivo antifungal activities against the fungus under study were observed for most of the essential oils, except the essential oil from E. microcorys, for which no preventive antifungal activity was observed. Only the curing of infection by the H. vastatrix fungus was observed with this oil.

scholarly journals Effect of extracts from citric biomass, rusted coffee leaves and coffee berry husks on Phoma costarricencis of coffee plants

2005 ◽  
Vol 30 (5) ◽  
pp. 535-537 ◽  
Author(s):  
Beatriz M Barguil ◽  
Mário Lúcio V Resende ◽  
Renata S Resende ◽  
J. Evando A. Beserra Júnior ◽  
Sônia M. L Salgado
Keyword(s):  
Leaf Spot ◽  
Inhibitory Effects ◽  
Coffee Berry ◽  
Hemileia Vastatrix ◽  
Vitro Assay ◽  
Progress Curve ◽  
Coffee Plants ◽  
Induction Of Resistance

Phoma leaf spot, caused by Phoma costarricensis poses a serious threat to coffee (Coffea arabica) production, especially in the highlands of the state of Minas Gerais, Brazil. Extracts of citric biomass, coffee berry husks and coffee leaves severely affected by rust caused by Hemileia vastatrix, were evaluated against P. costarricensis. In an in vitro assay, aqueous extracts of rusted leaves and berry husks plus the commercial extracts based on citric biomass named Ecolife® and Agromil® were tested at various dilutions on the mycelial growth inhibition of P. costarricensis. In vivo, coffee seedlings maintained in glasshouse, were sprayed with these extracts seven days before inoculation of P. costarricensis. Only extracts from citric biomass had inhibitory effects on the fungus. In vivo, Ecolife® (5 ml/l), Agromil® (5 g/l) and the aqueous extract of rusted coffee leaves (dilution 1:6) reduced Phoma leaf spot. Both, Ecolife® and the extract of rusted coffee leaves were significantly more effective in reducing the area under the lesion progress curve when applied at lower doses, indicating a possible effect on the induction of resistance.

scholarly journals Antifungal Activity of Root Extracts from Baccharis salicina on Germination of Uredospores of Hemileia vastatrix

2021 ◽  
Vol 25 (05) ◽  
pp. 1075-1084
Author(s):  
Anayancy Lam-Gutiérrez
Keyword(s):  
Mass Spectrometry ◽  
Antifungal Activity ◽  
Leaf Rust ◽  
High Resolution Mass Spectrometry ◽  
Multivariable Analysis ◽  
Hemileia Vastatrix ◽  
Root Extracts ◽  
Coffee Leaf Rust ◽  
Rust Pathogen

Hemileia vastatrix is a fungus associated with coffee leaf rust, the most destructive disease of Coffea arabica. The objective of this work was to evaluate the antifungal activity of alcoholic extracts from roots of Baccharis salicina and to determine the metabolites present in these fractions. Antifungal activity was evaluated under in vitro conditions by monitoring the germination ability of H. vastatrix, the coffee leaf rust pathogen. In order to determine the presence of metabolites, chemical characterization of fractions obtained from methanolic root extracts was performed with help of an untargeted metabolomic approach and by using high-resolution mass spectrometry (MS) and MS2 based on direct-injection electrospray mass spectrometry (DIESI-MS) and hierarchical cluster analysis (HCA). Germination percentage was evaluated by leaves fixation technique. The MEBs significantly decreased the percentage of germination of H. vastatrix to levels below 5% as the dose increased. The multivariable analysis confirmed that the distribution of three fractions of methanolic extracts belonged to polyketides, organoheterocyclic compounds, fatty acyls, prenol-lipids, organo-oxygen and farnesene classes. This report comprises the first study of the metabolomic profile and biological activity study of roots from B. salicina against coffee leaf rust pathogen H. vastatrix. © 2021 Friends Science Publishers

scholarly journals Effect of Plant Oils and Extracts on Uredospores of Hemileia vastatrix Germination and Attack Intensity

2018 ◽  
Vol 5 (2) ◽  
pp. 67 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rita Harni ◽  
Efi Taufik ◽  
Samsudin Samsudin
Keyword(s):  
Plant Extracts ◽  
Block Design ◽  
Plant Oils ◽  
Ageratum Conyzoides ◽  
Rust Disease ◽  
Hemileia Vastatrix ◽  
Randomized Block Design ◽  
Potential Alternative ◽  
Attack Intensity

<em>Rust disease caused by fungus </em>Hemileia vastatrix<em> is a major disease of Arabica coffee</em><em>, which reduces yield by 20%–70%.</em> <em>Botanical fungicide </em><em>is a potential alternative because environmentally friendly and safe to humans health. The research aimed to analyze the effect of oils and extracts of fungicidal plants on uredospore germination and attack intensity of </em>H. vastatrix<em>. The research was conducted </em><em>in laboratory and greenhouse of Indonesian Industrial and Beverages Crops Research Institute (IIBCRI), Sukabumi, from January to December 2016. The plant oils were of cloves, citronella, </em>Reutealis trisperma<em>, and neem, while the plant extracts use</em><em>d were mahogany, </em>Ageratum conyzoides<em>,</em><em> and wood vinegar. Those oils and extracts were assessed on uredospores germination of </em>H. vastatrix<em>, both in vitro and on coffee seedling</em><em>s in the greenhouse. A complete randomized block design was used with 9 treatments and 5 replications. The oils and extracts at 5% concentration were applied on coffee leaves of 6 months old plants then inoculated with </em>H. vastratrix<em> uredospora simultaneously. </em><em>Attack symptoms, incubation period, attack percentage and intensity were observed. The results showed that plant oils and extracts used in present study effectively reduced the uredospora germination of </em>H. vastatrix<em>. </em><em>However, oils of neem and </em>R. trisperma<em> </em><em>as well as </em>A. conizoides<em> extract are more potential to suppress </em>H. vastatrix<em> infection in coffee le</em><em>aves in greenhouse and reduced attack intensity from 22.2% to 3.6%; 5.2%; and 7.6% with inhibitory level at 83.8%; 76.6%; and 65.8%, respectively. Therefore, they are considered as potential biocontrols for rust disease.</em>

scholarly journals Essential oils for rust control on coffee plants

2012 ◽  
Vol 36 (1) ◽  
pp. 16-24 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ricardo Borges Pereira ◽  
Gilvaine Ciavareli Lucas ◽  
Fabiano José Perina ◽  
Eduardo Alves
Keyword(s):  
Essential Oils ◽  
Hemileia Vastatrix ◽  
Partial Control ◽  
Tea Tree ◽  
Citronella Oil ◽  
Transmission Electron ◽  
Coffee Plants ◽  
Vitro Effect ◽  
Important Disease

Rust is considered the most important disease in coffee because it causes severe defoliation in plants and, consequently, reduction in productivity. This study evaluated the in vitro effect of essential oils of cinnamon, citronella, lemongrass, clove, tea tree, thyme, neem and eucalyptus on the germination of urediniospores of Hemileia vastatrix; the effectiveness of these oils to control rust on seedlings of coffee cultivars Catucaí 2SL, Catuaí IAC 62 and Mundo Novo 379/19 in the greenhouse; and the effect of more promising oils on urediniospores of H. vastatrix by transmission electron microscopy (TEM). All the essential oils inhibited the germination of urediniospores with increasing concentrations. All oils promoted partial control of the disease in the greenhouse. However, the oils of thyme, clove and citronella, at a concentration of 1000 µL L-1, were most effective in controlling the disease on cultivars Catucaí 2SL, Catuaí IAC 62 and Mundo Novo 379/19, respectively. The images generated in TEM showed that urediniospores exposed to oils of clove, citronella and thyme promoted cellular disorganization and cytoplasmic vacuolization, which was more pronounced in urediniospores exposed to citronella oil. The oils of thyme, clove and citronella are promising for the control of rust in coffee.

scholarly journals Selección in vitro de micoparásitos con potencial de control biológico sobre Roya del café (Hemileia vastatrix)

2017 ◽  
Vol 36 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Irene Gómez-De La Cruz ◽  
Emiliano Pérez-Portilla ◽  
Esteban Escamilla-Prado ◽  
Misael Martínez-Bolaños ◽  
Gloria Luz L. Carrión-Villarnovo ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Hemileia Vastatrix

<p>Con el objetivo de aislar e identificar micoparásitos de pústulas de <em>Hemileia vastatrix</em> y conocer su potencial de control de la roya de café, de diciembre del 2014 a enero del 2015 se muestrearon hojas de café arábico con pústulas de roya y presencia de posibles micoparásitos. Los hongos asociados a las pústulas se aislaron e identificaron morfométricamente a nivel de género. Se evaluó el porcentaje de micoparasitismo <em>in vitro</em> de tres de los aislamientos sobre pústulas de roya. Se obtuvieron 23 aislamientos de microorganismos asociados a pústulas de roya: <em>Lecanicillium</em> spp. (7), <em>Calcarisporium</em> sp. (4), <em>Sporothrix</em> sp. (4) y <em>Simplicillium</em> spp. (8). Todos los aislamientos evaluados mostraron micoparasitismo en las uredosporas de roya; sin embargo, 120 h después de la inoculación, los mayores porcentajes (P=0.05) se obtuvieron con <em>Simplicillium</em> sp. (89%) y <em>Lecanicillium </em>sp. (68%).</p>

scholarly journals Efektivitas Minyak Cengkeh, Nimba dan Kemiri Sunan, serta Ekstrak Babadotan Terhadap Penyakit Karat Daun Kopi (Hemileia vastatrix)

2021 ◽  
Vol 8 (1) ◽  
pp. 1
Author(s):  
Efi Taufiq ◽  
Gusti Indriati ◽  
Rita Harni ◽  
Dibyo Pranowo
Keyword(s):  
Positive Control ◽  
Plant Oils ◽  
Ageratum Conyzoides ◽  
Coffee Plantation ◽  
Rust Disease ◽  
Hemileia Vastatrix ◽  
Randomized Design ◽  
Coffee Plants ◽  
Completely Randomized Design

<p><em>Leaf rust disease </em>(Hemileia vastatrix)<em> is commonly controlled using synthetic fungicides.  Plant oils and extracts are expected to reduce the pathogen. The research aimed to determine the effectiveness of clove, </em>Reutealis trisperma<em>, </em><em>and neem oils, and </em>Ageratum conyzoides<em> extract against </em>H. vastatrix<em>. The study was conducted in the laboratory and greenhouse of the Indonesian Industrial and </em><em>Beverage Crops Research Institute and smallholder coffee plantation in Garut, West Java, from January to December 2018. </em>The A. conyzoides<em> were extracted in the laboratories.  Plant oils and extract's effectiveness</em><em> was tested in vitro against the germination of urediniospore and in a greenhouse to inhibit disease development. The in vitro experiment were evaluated the eight concentrations of extract and oil were:  0 (steril water), 250, 500, 1000,  1500, 3000, and 5000 ppm. Whereas, in the greenhouse experiments used three concentrations of 1000, 2500, and 5000 ppm of the extract and oil, and 2000 ppm of Mankozeb (positive control). The greenhouse test was carried out on Arabica coffee plants, completely randomized design and five replications.  The number of spots, disease intensity, and plant growth were examined periodically. The results showed that all of the the extract and oil inhibited the urediniospores germination, and the most effective concentrations were 500 ppm, 3000 ppm, and 5000 ppm. </em>A. conyzoides<em> extract, and clove oil effectively suppressed the infection of </em>H. vastatrix<em> by 75.99% and 64.00%, respectively, and comparable to the synthetic fungicide (68.00%).</em></p>

scholarly journals Uredospore germination of Hemileia vastatrix and its inhibition by the effect of plant extracts in vitro

2021 ◽  
Vol 48 (2) ◽  
pp. 108-117
Author(s):  
Miguel A. Morales-Antonio ◽  
◽  
Gisela M. Santiago-Martínez ◽  
Alfonso Vásquez-López ◽  
Gerardo Rodríguez-Ortiz ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Leaf Rust ◽  
Plant Extracts ◽  
Incubation Time ◽  
Ricinus Communis ◽  
Tribulus Terrestris ◽  
Hemileia Vastatrix ◽  
Acacia Farnesiana ◽  
Coffee Leaf Rust ◽  
Ethanol Extracts

Coffee leaf rust, caused by Hemileia vastatrix, is the most important disease of coffee (Coffea arabica L.) in Mexico. It causes production losses of up to 40% and leads to the use of considerable volumes of synthetic fungicides. The main goals of this research were to identify the temperature, pH, incubation time, and luminosity required for in vitro germination of H. vastatrix uredospores and to evaluate the effect of plant extracts on their germination. Uredospores from coffee plants (var. Caturra) grown in the state of Oaxaca, Mexico, were collected and subjected to treatments consisting of combined levels of T°, pH, and incubation time. The treatments were evaluated in darkness and under low-intensity white light (15 W). Uredospore germination occurred in the absence and presence of light. The highest percentage of uredospore germination was 44.95%, which occurred at pH 5.7, between 18 and 24 °C, and with an incubation time of 24 h. The effect of 30 plant extracts was evaluated in terms of inhibition of uredospore germination. The acetone and ethanol extracts of Tribulus terrestris, Datura ferox, Mansoa alliacea, Ricinus communis, and Acacia farnesiana inhibited 100% of uredospore germination. Thus, plant extracts may contribute to the integrated disease management of coffee leaf rust.

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