Differential distribution patterns of Balaenoptera spp. from tropical areas

Despite widespread distribution of LAMP1 and the heterogeneous nature of LAMP1-labeled compartments, LAMP1 is routinely used as a lysosomal marker, and LAMP1-positive organelles are often referred to as lysosomes. In this study, we use immunoelectron microscopy and confocal imaging to provide quantitative analysis of LAMP1 distribution in various autophagic and endolysosomal organelles in neurons. Our study demonstrates that a significant portion of LAMP1-labeled organelles do not contain detectable lysosomal hydrolases including cathepsins D and B and glucocerebrosidase. A bovine serum albumin–gold pulse–chase assay followed by ultrastructural analysis suggests a heterogeneity of degradative capacity in LAMP1-labeled endolysosomal organelles. Gradient fractionation displays differential distribution patterns of LAMP1/2 and cathepsins D/B in neurons. We further reveal that LAMP1 intensity in familial amyotrophic lateral sclerosis–linked motor neurons does not necessarily reflect lysosomal deficits in vivo. Our study suggests that labeling a set of lysosomal hydrolases combined with various endolysosomal markers would be more accurate than simply relying on LAMP1/2 staining to assess neuronal lysosome distribution, trafficking, and functionality under physiological and pathological conditions.

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Differential distribution patterns of ammonia-oxidizing archaea and bacteria in acidic soils of Nanling National Nature Reserve forests in subtropical China

Antonie van Leeuwenhoek ◽

10.1007/s10482-015-0627-8 ◽

2015 ◽

Vol 109 (2) ◽

pp. 237-251 ◽

Cited By ~ 11

Author(s):

Xian-Hua Gan ◽

Fang-Qiu Zhang ◽

Ji-Dong Gu ◽

Yue-Dong Guo ◽

Zhao-Qing Li ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Nature Reserve ◽

Distribution Patterns ◽

Subtropical China ◽

Acidic Soils ◽

Differential Distribution ◽

National Nature Reserve ◽

Ammonia Oxidizing Archaea

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Track analysis of the order Gomphales (Fungi: Basidiomycota) in Mexico

Phytotaxa ◽

10.11646/phytotaxa.316.1.2 ◽

2017 ◽

Vol 316 (1) ◽

pp. 22

Author(s):

ASTRID GONZÁLEZ-ÁVILA ◽

RAÚL CONTRERAS-MEDINA ◽

DAVID ESPINOSA ◽

ISOLDA LUNA-VEGA

Keyword(s):

Volcanic Belt ◽

Distribution Patterns ◽

Herbarium Specimens ◽

Conservation Areas ◽

Natural Protected Areas ◽

Mexican Volcanic Belt ◽

Molecular Studies ◽

Tropical Areas ◽

Track Analysis ◽

Occurrence Records

The geographic distribution of 10 genera and 71 species of the order Gomphales in Mexico is analysed using the panbiogeographic approach. This allows us to gain a better understanding of distribution patterns and to propose conservation areas. We compiled a database containing 3,484 occurrence records for Gomphales from taxonomic literature, herbarium specimens, institutional databases and field collections. Using this database, we obtained individual tracks for species of Gomphales. From the comparison and intersection of the 43 individual tracks, we identified six generalised tracks and 10 panbiogeographic nodes. Most of the generalised tracks were associated with the main Mexican mountains systems. Accordingly, panbiogeographic nodes were mainly located along the Trans-Mexican Volcanic Belt. Most nodes coincided with previously recognised nodes in other taxa, and almost half were located within Natural Protected Areas. Based on our results, we suggest that future molecular studies are necessary in order to define with precision species limits, which together with regional species inventories in tropical areas will significantly improve our understanding of fungal distributions. An integrative discussion regarding conservation criteria, and how to integrate endemic species on conservation programs is also included.

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Identification of the differential distribution patterns of mRNAs and consensus binding sequences for mouse DAF-16 homologues

Biochemical Journal ◽

10.1042/bj3490629 ◽

2000 ◽

Vol 349 (2) ◽

pp. 629-634 ◽

Cited By ~ 260

Author(s):

Tatsuo FURUYAMA ◽

Toru NAKAZAWA ◽

Itsuko NAKANO ◽

Nozomu MORI

Keyword(s):

Target Genes ◽

Binding Protein ◽

Expression Patterns ◽

Distribution Patterns ◽

Mobility Shift ◽

Differential Distribution ◽

C Elegans ◽

Core Sequence ◽

Mobility Shift Assay ◽

Responsive Element

daf-16 is a forkhead-type transcription factor, functioning downstream of insulin-like signals, and is known to be critical to the regulation of life span in Caenorhabditis elegans. Mammalian DAF-16 homologues include AFX, FKHR and FKHRL1, which contain a conserved forkhead domain and three putative phosphorylation sites for the Ser/Thr kinase Akt/protein kinase B (PKB), as well as for DAF-16. To assess the function of the homologues, we examined tissue distribution patterns of mRNAs for DAF-16 homologues in mice. In the embryos, expressions of AFX, FKHR and FKHRL1 mRNAs were complementary to each other and were highest in muscle, adipose tissue and embryonic liver. The characteristic expression pattern remained in the adult, except that signals of FKHRL1 became evident in more tissues, including the brain. In order to clarify whether each DAF-16 homologue had different target genes, we determined the consensus sequences for the binding of DAF-16 and the mouse homologues. The binding sequences for all four proteins shared a core sequence, TTGTTTAC, daf-16 family protein-binding element (DBE) binding protein. However, electrophoretic mobility shift assay showed that the binding affinity of DAF-16 homologues to the core sequence was stronger than that to the insulin-responsive element in the insulin-like growth factor binding protein-1 promoter region, which has been identified as a binding sequence for them. We identified one copy of the DBE upstream of the first exon of sod-3 by searching the genomic database of C. elegans. Taken together, DAF-16 homologues can fundamentally regulate the common target genes in insulin-responsive tissues and the specificity to target genes of each protein is partially determined by the differences in their expression patterns.

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Evidence for sexual partitioning of foraging mode in Western Sandpipers (Calidris mauri) during migration

Canadian Journal of Zoology ◽

10.1139/z04-080 ◽

2004 ◽

Vol 82 (7) ◽

pp. 1035-1042 ◽

Cited By ~ 25

Author(s):

Kimberley J Mathot ◽

Robert W Elner

Keyword(s):

Population Level ◽

Distribution Patterns ◽

Differential Distribution ◽

Foraging Mode ◽

Stopover Site ◽

Calidris Mauri ◽

Stopover Sites ◽

Prey Resources ◽

Western Sandpipers ◽

Induced Changes

Migrating Western Sandpipers, Calidris mauri (Cabanis, 1857), observed feeding at an intertidal stopover site on the Fraser River delta, British Columbia, shifted their foraging mode from surface-pecking to probing over a 3-week period in April and May. We tested possible mechanisms to account for the field observations. Using control and shorebird exclusion plots over a 3-month period bracketing the migration, we determined that neither seasonal nor shorebird-induced changes in the relative availability of epifaunal compared with infaunal prey accounted for the decline in the prevalence of epifaunal feeding behaviour. However, strong peaks in both epi- and in-faunal prey densities coincided with the migration period, suggesting that migratory timing may be linked with the productivity schedule of major stopover sites. Males, which precede females in the migration and have relatively shorter bills, were observed to engage in epifaunal feeding more frequently than females. Thus, while foraging behaviour of the Western Sandpiper at a population level appears "plastic", the feeding repertoire of individuals is more specialized and results in sexual partitioning of prey resources. The implications of our findings for differential distribution patterns over the nonbreeding range and sex-related differences in contaminant profiles are discussed.

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The Guaymas Basin Subseafloor Sedimentary Archaeome Reflects Complex Environmental Histories

10.1101/2020.06.01.109066 ◽

2020 ◽

Author(s):

Gustavo A. Ramírez ◽

Luke J. McKay ◽

Matthew W. Fields ◽

Andrew Buckley ◽

Carlos Mortera ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Gulf Of California ◽

Sedimentary Environment ◽

Archaeal Community ◽

Distribution Patterns ◽

Niche Differentiation ◽

Spreading Center ◽

Rrna Gene ◽

Environmental Niche ◽

Differential Distribution ◽

Guaymas Basin

AbstractWe explore archaeal distribution and environmental niche differentiation in sedimentary subseafloor habitats of Guaymas Basin and the adjacent Sonora Margin, located in the Gulf of California, México. Specifically, we survey diverse subseafloor habitats on the Guaymas Basin flanking regions that are extending from the spreading center, termed here “off-axis” sites. Sampling locations include (i) control sediments without hydrothermal or seep influence, (ii) Sonora Margin sediments underlying oxygen minimum zone water, (iii) compacted, highly reduced sediments from a pressure ridge with numerous seeps at the base of the Sonora Margin, and (iv) sediments impacted by hydrothermal circulation at the off-axis Ringvent site. Generally, archaeal 16S rRNA gene datasets are largely comprised of Bathyarchaeal lineages, members of the Hadesarchaea, MBG-D, TMEG, and ANME-1 groups. The most frequently observed 25 OTUs belong to members of these lineages, and correspond to approx. 40 to 80% of the sequence dataset in each sediment sample. Differential distribution patterns of these archaeal groups in downcore sediments uniquely characterize each major sedimentary environment. Variations in archaeal community composition reflect locally specific environmental challenges throughout the greater Guaymas Basin area. Background sediments are divided into surface and subsurface niches, reflecting increased selection of the archaeal community downcore. In sum, the environmental setting and history of a particular site, not isolated biogeochemical properties out of context, control the subseafloor archaeal communities in Guaymas Basin and Sonora Margin sediments.

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