Hemodynamic Correlates of Visuomotor Adaptation Processes to Linear and Circular Rotation Tasks: an fNIRs Study

Implicit visuomotor adaptation remains limited after several days of training

10.1101/711598 ◽

2019 ◽

Cited By ~ 8

Author(s):

Sarah A. Wilterson ◽

Jordan A. Taylor

Keyword(s):

Motor Skill ◽

De Novo ◽

Visuomotor Adaptation ◽

Skill Learning ◽

Movement Direction ◽

Sensorimotor Adaptation ◽

Motor Skill Learning ◽

Visuomotor Rotation ◽

Mirror Reversal ◽

Adaptation Processes

AbstractLearning in sensorimotor adaptation tasks has been historically viewed as solely an implicit learning phenomenon. However, recent findings suggest that implicit adaptation is heavily constrained, calling into question its utility in motor learning, and the theoretical framework of sensorimotor adaptation paradigms. These inferences have been based mainly on results from single bouts of training. Thus, it is possible that implicit adaptation processes supersede explicit compensation strategies, such as explicitly re-aiming their intended movement direction, over repeated practice sessions. We tested this by dissociating the contributions of explicit re-aiming strategies and implicit adaptation over five consecutive days of training. Despite a substantially longer duration of training, implicit adaptation still plateaued at a value far short of complete learning. We sought to determine if these constraints on implicit adaptation extend to another sensorimotor task, mirror reversal. As has been observed in previous studies, implicit adaptation was inappropriate for mirror reversal and was gradually suppressed over training. These findings are consistent with a handful of recent studies suggesting that implicit adaptation processes, as studied in sensorimotor adaptation paradigms, may only make subtle recalibrations of an existing skill and cannot contribute to motor skill learning de novo.Significance StatementIn this set of studies, we find that implicit adaptation cannot fully account for learning in adaptation tasks, such as the visuomotor rotation and mirror reversal tasks, even following several days of training. In fact, implicit adaptation can be counterproductive to learning. These findings question the utility of implicit adaptation processes to motor skill learning more broadly.

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Faculty Opinions recommendation of Two adaptation processes in auditory hair cells together can provide an active amplifier.

Faculty Opinions – Post-Publication Peer Review of the Biomedical Literature ◽

10.3410/f.1014186.192960 ◽

2003 ◽

Author(s):

Geoffrey A Manley

Keyword(s):

Hair Cells ◽

Auditory Hair Cells ◽

Adaptation Processes

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Addressing the challenges of climate-driven community-led resettlement and site expansion: knowledge sharing, storytelling, healing, and collaborative coalition building

Journal of Environmental Studies and Sciences ◽

10.1007/s13412-021-00695-0 ◽

2021 ◽

Author(s):

Julie Maldonado ◽

Itzel Flores Castillo Wang ◽

Fred Eningowuk ◽

Lesley Iaukea ◽

Aranzazu Lascurain ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Storm Surges ◽

Marshall Islands ◽

Community Leaders ◽

Coalition Building ◽

Adaptive Responses ◽

Individual Level ◽

Adaptive Challenges ◽

The Individual ◽

Adaptation Processes ◽

Climate Events

AbstractPresently coastal areas globally are becoming unviable, with people no longer able to maintain livelihoods and settlements due to, for example, increasing floods, storm surges, coastal erosion, and sea level rise, yet there exist significant policy obstacles and practical and regulatory challenges to community-led and community-wide responses. For many receiving support only at the individual level for relocation or other adaptive responses, individual and community harm is perpetuated through the loss of culture and identity incurred through forced assimilation policies. Often, challenges dealt to frontline communities are founded on centuries of injustices. Can these challenges of both norms and policies be addressed? Can we develop socially, culturally, environmentally, and economically just sustainable adaptation processes that supports community responses, maintenance and evolution of traditions, and rejuvenates regenerative life-supporting ecosystems? This article brings together Indigenous community leaders, knowledge-holders, and allied collaborators from Louisiana, Hawai‘i, Alaska, Borikén/Puerto Rico, and the Marshall Islands, to share their stories and lived experiences of the relocation and other adaptive challenges in their homelands and territories, the obstacles posed by the state or regional governments in community adaptation efforts, ideas for transforming the research paradigm from expecting communities to answer scientific questions to having scientists address community priorities, and the healing processes that communities are employing. The contributors are connected through the Rising Voices Center for Indigenous and Earth Sciences, which brings together Indigenous, tribal, and community leaders, atmospheric, social, biological, and ecological scientists, students, educators, and other experts, and facilitates intercultural, relational-based approaches for understanding and adapting to extreme weather and climate events, climate variability, and climate change.

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Assessing the usefulness of acute physiological responses following resistance exercise: sensitivity, magnitude of change, and time course of measures

Applied Physiology Nutrition and Metabolism ◽

10.1139/apnm-2018-0200 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 44 (3) ◽

pp. 309-319 ◽

Cited By ~ 3

Author(s):

Joshua S. Jackman ◽

Phillip G. Bell ◽

Simone Gill ◽

Ken van Someren ◽

Gareth W. Davison ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Resistance Exercise ◽

Time Course ◽

Signal To Noise Ratio ◽

Physiological Responses ◽

High Sensitivity ◽

Maximal Voluntary Isometric Contraction ◽

Reactive Protein ◽

Adaptation Processes ◽

Exercise Stimulus ◽

Metalloproteinase 9

A variety of strategies exist to modulate the acute physiological responses following resistance exercise aimed at enhancing recovery and/or adaptation processes. To assess the true impact of these strategies, it is important to know the ability of different measures to detect meaningful change. We investigated the sensitivity of measures used to quantify acute physiological responses to resistance exercise and constructed a physiological profile to characterise the magnitude of change and the time course of these responses. Eight males accustomed to regular resistance exercise performed experimental sessions during a “control week”, void of an exercise stimulus. The following week, termed the “exercise week”, participants repeated this sequence of experimental sessions, and they also performed a bout of lower-limb resistance exercise following the baseline assessments. Assessments were conducted at baseline and at 2, 6, 24, 48, 72, and 96 h after the intervention. On the basis of the signal-to-noise ratio, the most sensitive measures were maximal voluntary isometric contraction, 20-m sprint, countermovement jump peak force, rate of force development (100–200 ms), muscle soreness, Daily Analysis Of Life Demands For Athletes part B, limb girth, matrix metalloproteinase-9, interleukin-6, creatine kinase, and high-sensitivity C-reactive protein with ratios >1.5. Clear changes in these measures following resistance exercise were determined via magnitude-based inferences. These findings highlight measures that can detect real changes in acute physiological responses following resistance exercise in trained individuals. Researchers investigating strategies to manipulate acute physiological responses for recovery and/or adaptation can use these measures, as well as the recommended sampling points, to be confident that their interventions are making a worthwhile impact.

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Exploring methodological approaches to assess climate change vulnerability and adaptation: reflections from using life history approaches

Regional Environmental Change ◽

10.1007/s10113-019-01562-z ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 19 (8) ◽

pp. 2667-2682 ◽

Cited By ~ 2

Author(s):

Chandni Singh ◽

Mark Tebboth ◽

Dian Spear ◽

Prince Ansah ◽

Adelina Mensah

Keyword(s):

Risk Management ◽

Life History ◽

Structured Interviews ◽

Future Aspirations ◽

Multiple Risks ◽

Assess Climate Change ◽

Methodological Approaches ◽

Nuanced Understanding ◽

Response Decisions ◽

Adaptation Processes

AbstractPeople in developing countries face multiple risks, and their response decisions sit at the complex and often opaque interface of climatic stressors, constrained resource access, and changing livelihoods, social structures, and personal aspirations. Many risk management studies use a well-established toolkit of methodologies—household surveys, focus group discussions, and semi-structured interviews. We argue that such methodological conservatism tends to neglect the dynamic and differentiated nature of livelihood decisions. Since different methodologies privilege different portrayals of risk and response, we highlight how plural methodological approaches can capture a broader range of perspectives and problematisations. In this paper, we draw on life history (LH) interviews across four countries (Kenya, Namibia, Ghana, and India) to offer one way of expanding current methodological approaches on vulnerability and adaptation. We argue that LHs offer four key ‘value additions’. First, LHs give insights into the multiple and interacting nature of drivers of response behaviour. Second, they highlight intra-household dynamics to demonstrate how people with differential power shape risk management decisions. Third, LHs support explorations of past decisions, present situations, and future aspirations, thus producing temporally nuanced enquiries. Fourth, they provide a powerful analytical lens to capture the interplay of motivations, aspirations, and values on livelihood choices and adaptation outcomes. By adding value in these four ways, LHs challenge assumptions about how and why people respond to multiple risks and offer a nuanced understanding of adaptation processes.

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Execution-based and verbal code-based stimulus–response associations: proportion manipulations reveal conflict adaptation processes in item-specific priming

Psychological Research ◽

10.1007/s00426-019-01220-3 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 84 (8) ◽

pp. 2172-2195 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Christina U. Pfeuffer ◽

Karolina Moutsopoulou ◽

Florian Waszak ◽

Andrea Kiesel

Keyword(s):

Verbal Code ◽

Conflict Adaptation ◽

Stimulus Response ◽

Specific Priming ◽

Adaptation Processes

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Investigating the Concerns of First-Time Distance Education Instructors

The International Review of Research in Open and Distributed Learning ◽

10.19173/irrodl.v20i5.4467 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 20 (5) ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Halil Kayaduman ◽

Turgay Demirel

Keyword(s):

Distance Education ◽

Content Knowledge ◽

Stages Of Concern ◽

Concerns Based Adoption Model ◽

Descriptive Case Study ◽

Time Distance ◽

Adaptation Processes ◽

First Time ◽

Ongoing Concern

The purpose of the study is to investigate the concern developments of first-time distance education instructors using the concerns-based adoption model (CBAM). This study used stages of concern (SoC), a component of CBAM, as its theoretical framework. A descriptive case study was implemented, which focused on the adaptation processes of nine instructors lecturing for the first time via distance education. The instructors attended a two-day training, which was designed based on their initial concerns. Then instructors implemented their courses for four weeks via distance education. While the informational and personal stages (self-concerns) decreased compared to the initial findings, the consequence stage increased in intensity. However, self-concerns remained predominant in the process despite the reduction in self-concerns and increase in the consequence stage. Based on the findings, the implications for distance education and recommendations for addressing the instructors’ concerns are discussed. Recommendations for alleviating the concerns of first-time distance education instructors include: the provision of ongoing concern-based interventions that incorporate technological, pedagogical, and content knowledge; providing working examples related to distance education from which instructors can learn vicariously; and encouraging collaboration among instructors.

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