scholarly journals Impacts of Nutritional Management During Early Postnatal Life on Long-Term Physiological and Productive Responses of Beef Cattle

2021 ◽  
Vol 2 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kelsey M. Harvey ◽  
Reinaldo F. Cooke ◽  
Philipe Moriel
Keyword(s):  
Beef Cattle ◽  
Postnatal Life ◽  
Nutritional Management ◽  
Early Weaning ◽  
Metabolic Imprinting ◽  
Nutrient Manipulation ◽  
Long Term Consequences ◽  
Early Postnatal Life ◽  
Cattle Systems

Effective early postnatal nutritional management is a crucial component of livestock production systems, and nutrient manipulation during this period has been shown to exert long-term consequences on beef cattle growth and physiology. Metabolic imprinting defines these biological responses to a nutritional intervention early in life that permanently alter physiological outcomes later in life. Early weaning has been used to study metabolic imprinting effects, given that it allows for nutritional manipulation of animals at a young age. This practice has been shown to enhance carcass characteristics in feedlot cattle and accelerate reproductive development of females. Another strategy to study the effects of metabolic imprinting without the need for early weaning is to provide supplements via creep feeding. Providing creep feed to nursing cattle has resulted in transient and long-term alterations in cattle metabolism, contributing to increased reproductive performance of developing heifers and enhanced carcass quality of feeder cattle. Collectively, results described herein demonstrate nutrient manipulation during early postnatal life exerts long-term consequences on beef cattle productivity and may be a strategy to optimize production efficiency in beef cattle systems.

scholarly journals Implication of 5-HT7 receptor in prefrontal circuit assembly and detrimental emotional effects of SSRIs during development

2020 ◽  
Vol 45 (13) ◽  
pp. 2267-2277 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jimmy Olusakin ◽  
Imane Moutkine ◽  
Sylvie Dumas ◽  
Evgeni Ponimaskin ◽  
Eleni Paizanis ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Emotional Behavior ◽  
Postnatal Life ◽  
Synaptic Density ◽  
Postnatal Maturation ◽  
Over Expression ◽  
Array Tomography ◽  
Long Term Consequences ◽  
Early Postnatal Life ◽  
Emotional Effects

Abstract Altered development of prefrontal cortex (PFC) circuits can have long-term consequences on adult emotional behavior. Changes in serotonin homeostasis during critical periods produced by genetic or pharmacological inactivation of the serotonin transporter (SERT, or Slc6a4), have been involved in such developmental effects. In mice, selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors (SSRIs), administered during postnatal development cause exuberant synaptic connectivity of the PFC to brainstem dorsal raphe nucleus (DRN) circuits, and increase adult risk for developing anxiety and depressive symptoms. SERT is transiently expressed in the glutamate neurons of the mouse PFC, that project to the DRN. Here, we find that 5-HTR7 is transiently co-expressed with SERT by PFC neurons, and it plays a key role in the maturation of PFC-to-DRN synaptic circuits during early postnatal life. 5-HTR7-KO mice show reduced PFC-to-DRN synaptic density (as measured by array-tomography and VGLUT1/synapsin immunocytochemistry). Conversely, 5-HTR7 over-expression in the developing PFC increased PFC-to-DRN synaptic density. Long-term consequences on depressive-like and anxiogenic behaviors were observed in adults. 5-HTR7 over-expression in the developing PFC, results in depressive-like symptoms in adulthood. Importantly, the long-term depressive-like and anxiogenic effects of SSRIs (postnatal administration of fluoxetine from P2 to P14) were not observed in 5-HTR7-KO mice, and were prevented by co-administration of the selective inhibitor of 5-HTR7, SB269970. This study identifies a new role 5-HTR7 in the postnatal maturation of prefrontal descending circuits. Furthermore, it shows that 5-HTR7 in the PFC is crucially required for the detrimental emotional effects caused by SSRI exposure during early postnatal life.

scholarly journals Trait-specific long-term consequences of genomic selection in beef cattle

Genetica ◽  
2017 ◽  
Vol 146 (1) ◽  
pp. 85-99
Author(s):  
Haroldo Henrique de Rezende Neves ◽  
Roberto Carvalheiro ◽  
Sandra Aidar de Queiroz
Keyword(s):  
Beef Cattle ◽  
Genomic Selection ◽  
Long Term Consequences

Early postnatal life as a critical time window for determination of long-term metabolic health

2012 ◽  
Vol 26 (5) ◽  
pp. 641-653 ◽  
Author(s):  
Andreas Plagemann ◽  
Thomas Harder ◽  
Karen Schellong ◽  
Sandra Schulz ◽  
Jens H. Stupin
Keyword(s):  
Time Window ◽  
Critical Time ◽  
Metabolic Health ◽  
Postnatal Life ◽  
Early Postnatal Life

scholarly journals Effects of Patterned Sound Deprivation on Short- and Long-Term Plasticity in the Rat Thalamocortical Auditory SystemIn Vivo

2016 ◽  
Vol 2016 ◽  
pp. 1-10 ◽  
Author(s):  
Chloe N. Soutar ◽  
Laura G. Rosen ◽  
Simon G. Rodier ◽  
Hans C. Dringenberg
Keyword(s):  
Long Term Potentiation ◽  
Male Rats ◽  
Postnatal Life ◽  
Paired Pulse ◽  
Presynaptic Mechanisms ◽  
Medial Geniculate ◽  
Short And Long Term ◽  
Early Postnatal Life

Postnatal sensory experience plays a significant role in the maturation and synaptic stabilization of sensory cortices, such as the primary auditory cortex (A1). Here, we examined the effects of patterned sound deprivation (by rearing in continuous white noise, WN) during early postnatal life on short- and long-term plasticity of adult male rats using anin vivopreparation (urethane anesthesia). Relative to age-matched control animals reared under unaltered sound conditions, rats raised in WN (from postnatal day 5 to 50–60) showed greater levels of long-term potentiation (LTP) of field potentials in A1 induced by theta-burst stimulation (TBS) of the medial geniculate nucleus (MGN). In contrast, analyses of short-term plasticity using paired-pulse stimulation (interstimulus intervals of 25–1000 ms) did not reveal any significant effects of WN rearing. However, LTP induction resulted in a significant enhancement of paired-pulse depression (PPD) for both rearing conditions.We conclude that patterned sound deprivation during early postnatal life results in the maintenance of heightened, juvenile-like long-term plasticity (LTP) into adulthood. Further, the enhanced PPD following LTP induction provides novel evidence that presynaptic mechanisms contribute to thalamocortical LTP in A1 underin vivoconditions.

Perinatal ANG II programs adult blood pressure, glomerular number, and renal function in rats

1998 ◽  
Vol 275 (5) ◽  
pp. R1593-R1599 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lori L. Woods ◽  
Ruth Rasch
Keyword(s):  
Blood Pressure ◽  
Renal Function ◽  
Arterial Pressure ◽  
Renal Plasma Flow ◽  
Postnatal Life ◽  
Renal Development ◽  
Ang Ii ◽  
Body Weights ◽  
Long Term Consequences

ANG II is known to be important in normal renal development, but the long-term consequences of a suppressed renin-angiotensin system (RAS) during the developmental period are not completely understood. This study tested the hypothesis that the RAS in the developing animal is important in long-term regulation of renal function and arterial pressure. Newborn Sprague-Dawley rat pups were given the ANG II AT1receptor antagonist losartan (25 mg ⋅ kg−1⋅ day−1sc) for the first 12 days of postnatal life (Los). Body weights at weaning (22 days) were significantly reduced in Los (53.4 ± 3.2 vs. 64.5 ± 3.6 g in controls); however, at the time of study (∼22 wk), body weights and the kidney-to-body weight ratios were not different. In chronically instrumented conscious animals, glomerular filtration rate and effective renal plasma flow were reduced by 27 and 20%, respectively, in Los; the filtration fraction was not different. Maximal urine concentrating ability was also reduced in Los (1,351 ± 45 vs. 2,393 ± 52 mosmol/kg in controls). Mean arterial pressure was significantly higher in Los (134 ± 3 vs. 120 ± 1 mmHg). The number of glomeruli per kidney was reduced by 42% in Los, but the total glomerular volume was unchanged. Thus perinatal blockade of ANG II AT1receptors results in fewer but enlarged glomeruli, reduced renal function, and an increased arterial pressure in adulthood. These data indicate that perinatal ANG II, acting via AT1receptors, plays an important role in renal development and long-term control of renal function and arterial pressure. Physiological conditions that cause suppression of the RAS in the developing animal may have long-term consequences for renal function and blood pressure.

scholarly journals Optimizing Beef Cattle Nutrition from Conception to Consumption

Ceiba ◽  
2016 ◽  
Vol 54 (1) ◽  
pp. 14-22
Author(s):  
Patrick Gunn
Keyword(s):  
Beef Cattle ◽  
Reproductive Capacity ◽  
Reproductive Efficiency ◽  
Nutritional Management ◽  
Single Factor ◽  
Under Nutrition ◽  
Feed Cost ◽  
To Come ◽  
Reproductive Processes

Feed cost and reproductive efficiency are the 1st and 2nd largest factors, respectively, that dictate profitability of the cow-calf enterprise. It should not be forgotten that these two economic areas are not independent of one another, as nutritional management is the largest single factor that producers can control that influences the probability of pregnancy. Thus, without proper nutritional management, many reproductive processes are altered, and establishment and maintenance of pregnancy may be hindered or prevented entirely. Traditionally, the major concern related to the interface between nutrition and reproduction is the effect of under nutrition prior to breeding. However, recent research in the fields of fetal/developmental programming as well as post-breeding heifer management suggests nutrition can significantly impact not only reproductive capacity of the female, but long term growth and efficiency of her progeny. Therefore, developing appropriate nutritional programs for all phases of production is critical for the economic success and productivity of the beef operation for not only the current year, but for years to come.

Barriers to Physical Activity in Adolescents

2015 ◽  
Vol 23 (2) ◽  
pp. 47-59 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nadine Langguth ◽  
Tanja Könen ◽  
Simone Matulis ◽  
Regina Steil ◽  
Caterina Gawrilow ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Physical Activity ◽  
Leisure Activities ◽  
Outcome Expectations ◽  
Multidimensional Approach ◽  
Factor Analyses ◽  
Physical And Mental Health ◽  
Tailored Interventions ◽  
Long Term Consequences ◽  
Age Range

During adolescence, physical activity (PA) decreases with potentially serious, long-term consequences for physical and mental health. Although barriers have been identified as an important PA correlate in adults, research on adolescents’ PA barriers is lacking. Thus reliable, valid scales to measure adolescents’ PA barriers are needed. We present two studies describing a broad range of PA barriers relevant to adolescents with a multidimensional approach. In Study 1, 124 adolescents (age range = 12 – 24 years) reported their most important PA barriers. Two independent coders categorized those barriers. The most frequent PA barriers were incorporated in a multidimensional questionnaire. In Study 2, 598 adolescents (age range = 13 – 21 years) completed this questionnaire and reported their current PA, intention, self-efficacy, and negative outcome expectations. Seven PA barrier dimensions (leisure activities, lack of motivation, screen-based sedentary behavior, depressed mood, physical health, school workload, and preconditions) were confirmed in factor analyses. A multidimensional approach to measuring PA barriers in adolescents is reliable and valid. The current studies provide the basis for developing individually tailored interventions to increase PA in adolescents.

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