scholarly journals The Topodiverse City: Urban Form for Subjective Well-Being

2021 ◽  
Vol 7 ◽  
Author(s):  
Karl Samuelsson
Keyword(s):  
Environmental Impact ◽  
Urban Form ◽  
Focal Point ◽  
Well Being ◽  
Urban Morphology ◽  
Urban Life ◽  
Movement Behavior ◽  
Subjective Well Being ◽  
Urban Forms ◽  
Better Than

Research is now better than ever able to unveil how urban inhabitants’ movement, behavior and experiences relate to the urban forms in which they take place. Consequently, urban form might increasingly be able to function as a focal point for different strands of research that focus on sustainable urban life, and as a link between research and planning practice through the development of empirically informed design principles. Drawing on literature from urban morphology, complex systems analysis, environmental psychology, and neuroscience, I provide a wide-angle view of how urban form relates to subjective well-being through movement, social and economic activity, experiences and psychological restoration. I propose three principles for urban form that could promote subjective well-being while also mitigating the environmental impact of cities in industrialized societies. The principles revolve around so-called topodiversity, meaning variation across an urban area in spatial conditions that allows subjective well-being to be promoted through several different pathways. The principles together suggest an urban form that I call the topodiverse city. The topodiverse city displays a polycentric structure and is more spatially contained than the sprawling city, yet not as compact as the dense city. I also propose indicators to measure the principles using mostly openly available data and analysis methods, to further research on how urban form can enable urban subjective well-being with low environmental impact.

scholarly journals Nowhere Better Than Here?The Subjective Well-Being of German Emigrants and Remigrants

2012 ◽  
Vol 36 (4) ◽  
Author(s):  
Marcel Erlinghagen
Keyword(s):  
Household Income ◽  
Group Structure ◽  
Well Being ◽  
European Social Survey ◽  
Subjective Well Being ◽  
Social Survey ◽  
Demographic Group ◽  
Individual Evaluation ◽  
The Individual ◽  
Better Than

The paper investigates in the question if and how the subjective well-being (SWB) of German emigrants, German non-migrants, and German remigrants differ. Based on regression analyses of data from the European Social Survey (ESS) the analyses focus on life satisfaction and happiness as main indicators of SWB. It turns out that German emigrants show increased SWB compared to German non-migrants or remigrants. However, these findings cannot be explained by differences in the socio-economic or socio-demographic group structure. In fact, the increased SWB of emigrants is much more an effect of psychosocial differences and differences in the individual evaluation of household income.

scholarly journals Predicting Psychological and Subjective Well-Being from Personality: A Meta-Analysis

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jeromy Anglim ◽  
Sharon Horwood ◽  
Luke Smillie ◽  
Rosario Marrero ◽  
Joshua K Wood
Keyword(s):  
Big Five ◽  
Personal Growth ◽  
Meta Analysis ◽  
Well Being ◽  
Big Five Personality ◽  
Subjective Well Being ◽  
Level Data ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Hexaco Model ◽  
Better Than

Post-print of manuscript published in Psychological Bulletin: This study reports the most comprehensive assessment to date of the relations that the domains and facets of Big Five and HEXACO personality have with self-reported subjective well- being (SWB: life satisfaction, positive affect, and negative affect) and psychological well-being (PWB: positive relations, autonomy, environmental mastery, purpose in life, self-acceptance, and personal growth). It presents a meta-analysis (n = 334,567, k = 462) of the correlations of Big Five and HEXACO personality domains with the dimensions of SWB and PWB. It provides the first meta-analysis of personality and well-being to examine (a) HEXACO personality, (b) PWB dimensions, and (c) a broad range of established Big Five measures. It also provides the first robust synthesis of facet-level correlations and incremental prediction by facets over domains in relation to SWB and PWB using four large datasets comprising data from prominent, long-form hierarchical personality frameworks: NEO PI-R (n = 1,673), IPIP-NEO (n = 903), HEXACO PI- R (n = 465), and Big Five Aspect Scales (n = 706). Meta-analytic results highlighted the importance of Big Five neuroticism, extraversion, and conscientiousness. The pattern of correlations between Big Five personality and SWB was similar across personality measures (e.g., BFI, NEO, IPIP, BFAS, Adjectives). In the HEXACO model, extraversion was the strongest well- being correlate. Facet-level analyses provided a richer description of the relationship between personality and well-being, and clarified differences between the two trait frameworks. Prediction by facets was typically around 20% better than domains, and this incremental prediction was larger for some well-being dimensions than others. See https://osf.io/42rsy/ for Data and R scripts for the meta-analysis and facet-level data analyses of the above paper.

Optimism

2015 ◽  
Author(s):  
Charles S. Carver ◽  
Michael F. Scheier
Keyword(s):  
Well Being ◽  
Subjective Well Being ◽  
Expectancy Value ◽  
Better Than

This chapter explores optimism, including the expectancy-value models of motivation, optimism and subjective well-being under adversity, and the effects of optimism and pessimism on coping, pessimism and health-defeating behaviors, and if optimism is always better than pessimism.

scholarly journals Statistical Road-Traffic Noise Mapping Based on Elementary Urban Forms in Two Cities of South Korea

2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (4) ◽  
pp. 2365
Author(s):  
Phillip Kim ◽  
Hunjae Ryu ◽  
Jong-June Jeon ◽  
Seo Il Chang
Keyword(s):  
Urban Form ◽  
Road Traffic ◽  
Traffic Noise ◽  
Ordinary Least Squares ◽  
Urban Morphology ◽  
Road Traffic Noise ◽  
Noise Levels ◽  
Essential Information ◽  
Urban Forms ◽  
Noise Map

Statistical models that can generate a road-traffic noise map for a city or area where only elementary urban design factors are determined, and where no concrete urban morphology, including buildings and roads, is given, can provide basic but essential information for developing a quiet and sustainable city. Long-term cost-effective measures for a quiet urban area can be considered at early city planning stages by using the statistical road-traffic noise map. An artificial neural network (ANN) and an ordinary least squares (OLS) model were developed by utilizing data on urban form indicators, based on a 3D urban model and road-traffic noise levels from a normal noise map of city A (Gwangju). The developed ANN and OLS models were applied to city B (Cheongju), and the resultant statistical noise map of city B was compared to an existing normal road-traffic noise map of city B. The urban form indicators that showed multi-collinearity were excluded by the OLS model, and among the remaining urban forms, road-related urban form indicators such as traffic volume and road area density were found to be important variables to predict the road-traffic noise level and to design a quiet city. Comparisons of the statistical ANN and OLS noise maps with the normal noise map showed that the OLS model tends to under-estimate road-traffic noise levels, and the ANN model tends to over-estimate them.

scholarly journals What explains neighborhood type statistically? – Mixing typo-morphological and spatial analytic approaches in urban morphology

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
Todor Stojanovski
Keyword(s):  
Urban Form ◽  
Quantitative Description ◽  
Form Factors ◽  
Urban Morphology ◽  
Urban Forms ◽  
Persistent Problem ◽  
Employment Density ◽  
Architectural Styles ◽  
Urban Modelling ◽  
Neighborhood Type

Society creates architectural styles and neighborhood types to communicate and promote values. Geographers and architects accordingly classify neighborhoods by historical periods, urban design, planning paradigms and plan elements, density, building types and architectural detail. This paper juxtaposes typo-morphological (historical emergence of urban forms through urban elements and pattern typologies) and spatial analytic (city defined by urban form factors and formulas) approaches in urban morphology to assess what explains neighborhood type statistically. The analyses of variance show that many urban form factors (residential and employment density, mix of residences and jobs, Floor Space Indexes (FSI), location, income, etc.) are statistically significant in neighborhood type (as a nominal composite variable). This means that neighborhood typologies be applied in spatial analyses and urban modelling as classes (context variables). The approach can be used in typo-morphological tradition to offer quantitative description to the persistent ‘problem of type’ and enrich the classification methodology.

Toward a Science of Mental Health

2009 ◽  
pp. 88-96 ◽  
Author(s):  
Corey L. M. Keyes
Keyword(s):  
Mental Health ◽  
Mental Illness ◽  
Mental Disorder ◽  
Psychosocial Functioning ◽  
Well Being ◽  
Care Utilization ◽  
Subjective Well Being ◽  
Level Of Functioning ◽  
Population Mental Health ◽  
Better Than

This chapter summarizes the research on the dual-continua model of mental health and mental illness. Studies supported this model and therefore the view that the presence of mental health is more than the absence of mental illness. Mental health is conceived of as a constellation of dimensions of subjective well-being, specifically hedonic and eudaemonic measures of subjective well-being. Specifically, the mental health continuum ranges from languishing, moderate, to flourishing mental health. These classifications are important for distinguishing and predicting level of functioning for individuals with and without a current mental disorder. Among individuals free of a mental disorder, flourishing individuals report the fewest missed days of work, the fewest half-day or greater work cutbacks, the healthiest psychosocial functioning, high resilience, and high intimacy), the lowest risk of cardiovascular disease, the lowest number of chronic physical diseases at all ages, the fewest health limitations of activities of daily living, and lower health-care utilization. Even among adults with a mental disorder during the past 12 months, those who are flourishing functioned better than those with moderate mental health, who in turn functioned better than those who were languishing. The findings strongly support the adoption of a more positive paradigm to treatment, prevention, and promotion of population mental health.

scholarly journals The influence of urban form on the grid integration of renewable energy technologies and distributed energy systems

2019 ◽  
Vol 9 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
A. T. D. Perera ◽  
Silvia Coccolo ◽  
Jean-Louis Scartezzini
Keyword(s):  
Renewable Energy ◽  
Urban Form ◽  
Systems Design ◽  
Energy Systems ◽  
Building Blocks ◽  
Energy System ◽  
Urban Morphology ◽  
Urban Forms ◽  
Energy Demands ◽  
The Impact

AbstractStandard and newly designed building blocks for complex urban sites– also designated by urban archetypes - are used in this study to quantify the influence of urban forms on their energy demand and energy systems design. An energy hub, which consists on a multi-carrier energy system involving multiple energy conversion, storage and/or network technologies, is employed to quantify the impact of the urban morphology on the energy system requirements. This study reveals that urban archetypes have a notable influence on the heating and cooling energy demands of city districts that can be characterized using form factors and floor area ratio. However, the influence on demand profiles cannot be assessed based on the aforementioned indicators. The cost of energy systems can increase up to 50% due to the impact of urban forms that are well beyond the increase of peak and/or annual energy demands. In addition, renewable energy integration to the grid as well its utilization in districts is influenced by urban forms. This makes it essential to consider energy system design as a part of the urban planning process moving even beyond building simulation.

scholarly journals EVALUATING VILLAGERS' LIFE SATISFACTION IN RESETTLEMENT COMMUNITY: A PILOT STUDY OF SUBURBAN NANJING, CHINA

2020 ◽  
Vol 29 (2) ◽  
pp. 1-8
Author(s):  
Zhu Qian
Keyword(s):  
Life Satisfaction ◽  
Social Security ◽  
Social Relations ◽  
Theoretical Perspective ◽  
Social Activity ◽  
Well Being ◽  
Living Conditions ◽  
Urban Life ◽  
Three Dimensions ◽  
Subjective Well Being

This paper assesses displaced villagers’ life satisfaction in government-designated resettlement communities after land expropriation. From the theoretical perspective of subjective well-being, the study explores the relationship between the overall life satisfaction of displaced villagers and their subjective satisfaction with three dimensions in their post-resettlement life – 1) material living conditions, 2) social security and employment support, and 3) attitudinal perceptions, social relations and participation. A pilot survey was conducted in two resettlement communities in suburban Nanjing. The study shows that while compensation and resettlement policy reforms have improved resettled villagers’ material living conditions; they still struggle with urban life transformation and adaptation from the social and attitudinal perspectives. An integrated resettlement approach is proposed to facilitate better accessibility to social security programs and non-agricultural employment opportunities, and to address issues in identity adaptation, lifestyle transformation, and social activity participation.

scholarly journals The relationship between emotional regulation difficulties and subjective well-being in children aged 6-7 years

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Anik Indarwati ◽  
Martini Jamaris ◽  
Elindra Yetti
Keyword(s):  
Emotional Regulation ◽  
Subjective Wellbeing ◽  
Negative Relationship ◽  
Well Being ◽  
Subjective Well Being ◽  
Long Run ◽  
Significant Negative Relationship ◽  
Study Participants ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Better Than

A number of studies have shown the relationship between emotional regulation difficulties and subjective well-being. Reappraisal is considered a form of emotional regulation better than suppression. However, suppressing emotional expression increases the activity of physiological responses which actually harms the human health in the long run. Early age children still have difficulty in regulating their emotions, and this is likely to affect their psychological well-being if not properly managed . This study aims to examine the relationship between emotional regulation difficulties and subjective wellbeing in children aged 6-7 years. Study participants (N = 55) were children in their early childhood who were transitioned from kindergartens to Gorontalo elementary school. Data were obtained through questionnaires using an Emotional Regulation Checklist / ERC (shiedls & ciccheti, 2003) and subjective welfare questionnaire. Based on data analysis using Pearson product moment correlation test, the researcher found that the correlation coefficient (rxy) is 0.408 with p = 0.000 (p < 0.01). This indicates that there is a significant negative relationship between the variable of the value of emotional regulation difficulties with subjective wellbeing.

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