scholarly journals Potential of Soluble Decellularized Extracellular Matrix for Musculoskeletal Tissue Engineering – Comparison of Various Mesenchymal Tissues

2020 ◽  
Vol 8 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hiroto Hanai ◽  
George Jacob ◽  
Shinichi Nakagawa ◽  
Rocky S. Tuan ◽  
Norimasa Nakamura ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Tissue Engineering ◽  
Extracellular Matrix ◽  
Growth Factors ◽  
Current Trend ◽  
Dapi Staining ◽  
Differentiation Potential ◽  
Tissue Specific ◽  
Musculoskeletal Tissue ◽  
Decellularized Extracellular Matrix ◽  
Sgag Content

BackgroundIt is well studied that preparations of decellularized extracellular matrix (ECM) obtained from mesenchymal tissues can function as biological scaffolds to regenerate injured musculoskeletal tissues. Previously, we reported that soluble decellularized ECMs derived from meniscal tissue demonstrated excellent biocompatibility and produced meniscal regenerate with native meniscal anatomy and biochemical characteristics. We therefore hypothesized that decellularized mesenchymal tissue ECMs from various mesenchymal tissues should exhibit tissue-specific bioactivity. The purpose of this study was to test this hypothesis using porcine tissues, for potential applications in musculoskeletal tissue engineering.MethodsNine types of porcine tissue, including cartilage, meniscus, ligament, tendon, muscle, synovium, fat pad, fat, and bone, were decellularized using established methods and solubilized. Although the current trend is to develop tissue specific decellularization protocols, we selected a simple standard protocol across all tissues using Triton X-100 and DNase/RNase after mincing to compare the outcome. The content of sulfated glycosaminoglycan (sGAG) and hydroxyproline were quantified to determine the biochemical composition of each tissue. Along with the concentration of several growth factors, known to be involved in tissue repair and/or maturation, including bFGF, IGF-1, VEGF, and TGF-β1. The effect of soluble ECMs on cell differentiation was explored by combining them with 3D collagen scaffold culturing human synovium derived mesenchymal stem cells (hSMSCs).ResultsThe decellularization of each tissue was performed and confirmed both histologically [hematoxylin and eosin (H&E) and 4’,6-diamidino-2-phenylindole (DAPI) staining] and on the basis of dsDNA quantification. The content of hydroxyproline of each tissue was relatively unchanged during the decellularization process when comparing the native and decellularized tissue. Cartilage and meniscus exhibited a significant decrease in sGAG content. The content of hydroxyproline in meniscus-derived ECM was the highest when compared with other tissues, while sGAG content in cartilage was the highest. Interestingly, a tissue-specific composition of most of the growth factors was measured in each soluble decellularized ECM and specific differentiation potential was particularly evident in cartilage, ligament and bone derived ECMs.ConclusionIn this study, soluble decellularized ECMs exhibited differences based on their tissue of origin and the present results are important going forward in the field of musculoskeletal regeneration therapy.

scholarly journals Cell-derived and enzyme-based decellularized extracellular matrix exhibit compositional and structural differences that are relevant for its use as a biomaterial

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Svenja Nellinger ◽  
Ivana Mrsic ◽  
Silke Keller ◽  
Simon Heine ◽  
Alexander Southan ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Tissue Engineering ◽  
Extracellular Matrix ◽  
Adipose Tissue ◽  
Cultured Cells ◽  
Structural Characteristics ◽  
Human Adipose Tissue ◽  
Minimal Invasive ◽  
Healthcare Applications ◽  
Decellularized Extracellular Matrix

Due to its availability and minimal invasive harvesting human adipose tissue-derived extracellular matrix (dECM) is often used as a biomaterial in various tissue engineering and healthcare applications. Next to dECM, cell-derived ECM (cdECM) can be generated by and isolated from in vitro cultured cells. So far both types of ECM were investigated extensively towards their application as (bio)material in tissue engineering and healthcare. However, a systematic characterization and comparison of soft tissue dECM and cdECM is still missing. In this study, we characterized dECM from human adipose tissue, as well as cdECM from human adipose-derived stem cells (ASCs), towards their molecular composition, structural characteristics, and biological purity. The dECM was found to exhibit higher levels of collagens and lower levels of sulfated glycosaminoglycans (sGAGs) compared to cdECMs. Structural characteristics revealed an immature state of the fibrous part of cdECM samples. By the identified differences, we aim to support researchers in the selection of a suitable ECM-based biomaterial for their specific application and the interpretation of obtained results.

scholarly journals Decellularized Extracellular Matrix Derived from Porcine Adipose Tissue as a Xenogeneic Biomaterial for Tissue Engineering

2012 ◽  
Vol 18 (11) ◽  
pp. 866-876 ◽  
Author(s):  
Young Chan Choi ◽  
Ji Suk Choi ◽  
Beob Soo Kim ◽  
Jae Dong Kim ◽  
Hwa In Yoon ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Tissue Engineering ◽  
Extracellular Matrix ◽  
Adipose Tissue ◽  
Decellularized Extracellular Matrix

Cell-derived decellularized extracellular matrix scaffolds for articular cartilage repair

2020 ◽  
pp. 039139882095386
Author(s):  
Wenrun Zhu ◽  
Lu Cao ◽  
Chunfeng Song ◽  
Zhiying Pang ◽  
Haochen Jiang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Tissue Engineering ◽  
Extracellular Matrix ◽  
Articular Cartilage ◽  
Cartilage Repair ◽  
Cell Attachment ◽  
Tissue Growth ◽  
Bioactive Molecules ◽  
Cartilage Tissue ◽  
Articular Cartilage Repair ◽  
Decellularized Extracellular Matrix

Articular cartilage repair remains a great clinical challenge. Tissue engineering approaches based on decellularized extracellular matrix (dECM) scaffolds show promise for facilitating articular cartilage repair. Traditional regenerative approaches currently used in clinical practice, such as microfracture, mosaicplasty, and autologous chondrocyte implantation, can improve cartilage repair and show therapeutic effect to some degree; however, the long-term curative effect is suboptimal. As dECM prepared by proper decellularization procedures is a biodegradable material, which provides space for regeneration tissue growth, possesses low immunogenicity, and retains most of its bioactive molecules that maintain tissue homeostasis and facilitate tissue repair, dECM scaffolds may provide a biomimetic microenvironment promoting cell attachment, proliferation, and chondrogenic differentiation. Currently, cell-derived dECM scaffolds have become a research hotspot in the field of cartilage tissue engineering, as ECM derived from cells cultured in vitro has many advantages compared with native cartilage ECM. This review describes cell types used to secrete ECM, methods of inducing cells to secrete cartilage-like ECM and decellularization methods to prepare cell-derived dECM. The potential mechanism of dECM scaffolds on cartilage repair, methods for improving the mechanical strength of cell-derived dECM scaffolds, and future perspectives on cell-derived dECM scaffolds are also discussed in this review.

scholarly journals Recent Trends in Decellularized Extracellular Matrix Bioinks for 3D Printing: An Updated Review

2019 ◽  
Vol 20 (18) ◽  
pp. 4628 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kevin Dzobo ◽  
Keolebogile Shirley Caroline M. Motaung ◽  
Adetola Adesida
Keyword(s):  
Tissue Engineering ◽  
Extracellular Matrix ◽  
3D Printing ◽  
Regenerative Medicine ◽  
Treatment Options ◽  
3D Bioprinting ◽  
Characterization Methods ◽  
Physical Strength ◽  
Decellularized Extracellular Matrix ◽  
The Right

The promise of regenerative medicine and tissue engineering is founded on the ability to regenerate diseased or damaged tissues and organs into functional tissues and organs or the creation of new tissues and organs altogether. In theory, damaged and diseased tissues and organs can be regenerated or created using different configurations and combinations of extracellular matrix (ECM), cells, and inductive biomolecules. Regenerative medicine and tissue engineering can allow the improvement of patients’ quality of life through availing novel treatment options. The coupling of regenerative medicine and tissue engineering with 3D printing, big data, and computational algorithms is revolutionizing the treatment of patients in a huge way. 3D bioprinting allows the proper placement of cells and ECMs, allowing the recapitulation of native microenvironments of tissues and organs. 3D bioprinting utilizes different bioinks made up of different formulations of ECM/biomaterials, biomolecules, and even cells. The choice of the bioink used during 3D bioprinting is very important as properties such as printability, compatibility, and physical strength influence the final construct printed. The extracellular matrix (ECM) provides both physical and mechanical microenvironment needed by cells to survive and proliferate. Decellularized ECM bioink contains biochemical cues from the original native ECM and also the right proportions of ECM proteins. Different techniques and characterization methods are used to derive bioinks from several tissues and organs and to evaluate their quality. This review discusses the uses of decellularized ECM bioinks and argues that they represent the most biomimetic bioinks available. In addition, we briefly discuss some polymer-based bioinks utilized in 3D bioprinting.

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