scholarly journals The Impact of lncRNAs and miRNAs in Regulation of Function of Cancer Stem Cells and Progression of Cancer

2021 ◽  
Vol 9 ◽  
Author(s):  
Soudeh Ghafouri-Fard ◽  
Mohammadreza Hajiesmaeili ◽  
Hamed Shoorei ◽  
Zahra Bahroudi ◽  
Mohammad Taheri ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Breast Cancer ◽  
Hepatocellular Carcinoma ◽  
Stem Cells ◽  
Cancer Stem Cells ◽  
Self Renewal ◽  
Regulation Of Activity ◽  
Non Coding Rnas ◽  
Almost All ◽  
The Impact

Stem cells have two important features, namely the ability for self-renewal and the capacity to differentiate into some cell kinds with specialized functions. These two features are also present in cancer stem cells (CSCs). These cells have been detected in almost all kinds of cancers facilitating their tumorigenicity. Molecular cascades that control self-renewal of stem cells, namely the Wnt, Notch, and Hedgehog pathways have been suggested to influence CSCs functions as well. Moreover, non-coding RNAs can regulate function of CSCs. Function of miRNAs in the regulation of CSCs has been mostly assessed in breast cancer and hepatocellular carcinoma. miR-130a-3p, miR-600, miR-590-5p, miR-142-3p, miR-221, miR-222, miR-638, miR-375, miR-31, and miR-210 are among those regulating this feature in breast cancer. Moreover, miR-206, miR-192-5p, miR-500a-3p, miR-125, miR-125b, miR-613, miR-217, miR-194, and miR-494 regulate function of CSCs in hepatocellular carcinoma. DILC, lncTCF7, MUF, HAND2-AS1, MALAT1, DLX6-AS1, HOTAIR, and XIST are among lncRNAs that regulate function of CSCs. In the present paper, we explain the effects of these two classes of non-coding RNAs in the regulation of activity of CSCs.

scholarly journals LncRNAs and microRNAs as Essential Regulators of Stemness in Breast Cancer Stem Cells

Biomolecules ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (3) ◽  
pp. 380
Author(s):  
Nadia Flores-Huerta ◽  
Macrina B. Silva-Cázares ◽  
Lourdes A. Arriaga-Pizano ◽  
Jessica L. Prieto-Chávez ◽  
César López-Camarillo
Keyword(s):  
Breast Cancer ◽  
Stem Cells ◽  
Cancer Stem Cells ◽  
Molecular Mechanisms ◽  
Small Subset ◽  
Breast Cancer Stem Cells ◽  
Tumor Initiating Cells ◽  
Aberrant Expression ◽  
Self Renewal ◽  
Non Coding Rnas

Breast cancer is an aggressive disease with a high incidence in women worldwide. Two decades ago, a controversial hypothesis was proposed that cancer arises from a subpopulation of “tumor initiating cells” or “cancer stem cells-like” (CSC). Today, CSC are defined as small subset of somatic cancer cells within a tumor with self-renewal properties driven by the aberrant expression of genes involved in the maintenance of a stemness-like phenotype. The understanding of the underlying cellular and molecular mechanisms involved in the maintenance of CSC subpopulation are fundamental in the development and persistence of breast cancer. Nowadays, the hypothesis suggests that genetic and epigenetic alterations give rise to breast cancer stem cells (bCSC), which are responsible for self-renewal, tumor growth, chemoresistance, poor prognosis and low survival in patients. However, the prominence of bCSC, as well as the molecular mechanisms that regulates and promotes the malignant phenotypes, are still poorly understood. The role of non-coding RNAs (ncRNAs), such as long non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs) and microRNAs (miRNAs) acting as oncogenes or tumor suppressor genes has been recently highlighted by a plethora of studies in breast cancer. These ncRNAs positively or negatively impact on different signaling pathways that govern the cancer hallmarks associated with bCSC, making them attractive targets for therapy. In this review, we present a current summary of the studies on the pivotal roles of lncRNAs and microRNAs in the regulation of genes associated to stemness of bCSC.

scholarly journals Targeting the Roots of Recurrence: New Strategies for Eliminating Therapy-Resistant Breast Cancer Stem Cells

Cancers ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 13 (1) ◽  
pp. 54
Author(s):  
Margaret L. Dahn ◽  
Paola Marcato
Keyword(s):  
Breast Cancer ◽  
Stem Cells ◽  
Cancer Stem Cells ◽  
Breast Cancer Stem Cells ◽  
Self Renewal ◽  
New Strategies

Cancer stem cells (CSCs) are functionally defined in our laboratories by their impressive tumor-generating and self-renewal capacity; clinically, CSCs are of interest because of their enhanced capacity to evade conventional therapies [...]

scholarly journals Let-7c blocks estrogen-activated Wnt signaling in induction of self-renewal of breast cancer stem cells

2016 ◽  
Vol 23 (4) ◽  
pp. 83-89 ◽  
Author(s):  
X Sun ◽  
C Xu ◽  
S-C Tang ◽  
J Wang ◽  
H Wang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Breast Cancer ◽  
Stem Cells ◽  
Cancer Stem Cells ◽  
Wnt Signaling ◽  
Breast Cancer Stem Cells ◽  
Self Renewal

scholarly journals Inhibition of β‑catenin protein expression by triptolide affects self-renewal of liver cancer stem cells

2015 ◽  
Vol 10 (2) ◽  
pp. 455 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jian-Bo Zhou ◽  
Gang Peng ◽  
Yu-Cheng Jia ◽  
Jun Li ◽  
Jia Wang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Hepatocellular Carcinoma ◽  
Stem Cells ◽  
Cancer Stem Cells ◽  
Liver Cancer ◽  
Inhibitory Concentration ◽  
The Self ◽  
Tripterygium Wilfordii ◽  
Self Renewal ◽  
Liver Cancer Stem Cells ◽  
Novel Agent

<p>The present study demonstrates the effects of triptolide, one of the constituents from Tripterygium wilfordii, on the self‑renewal capacity of human hepatocellular carcinoma. The investigation revealed that triptolide markedly prevented the proliferation of liver cancer stem cells (LCSCs). For the LCSCs the minimum inhibitory concentration of triptolide was 0.6 μM. There was a significant and obvious decrease in the capacity of LCSCs to form self-sphere. Furthermore, triptolide reduced the sphere-forming capacity of LCSCs along with inhibition of β‑catenin expression. However, the exposure of triptolide-treated cells to lithium chloride, an activator the Wnt/β-catenin signaling pathway, reversed the triptolide-induced inhibition of β-catenin expression and inhibited the self-renewal capacity. Therefore, triptolide effectively eradicates LCSCs through the inhibition of β-catenin protein and may act as a novel agent for the treatment of hepatocellular carcinoma.</p><p> </p>

scholarly journals RACK1 Promotes Self-Renewal and Chemoresistance of Cancer Stem Cells in Human Hepatocellular Carcinoma through Stabilizing Nanog

Theranostics ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 9 (3) ◽  
pp. 811-828 ◽  
Author(s):  
Junxia Cao ◽  
Min Zhao ◽  
Jian Liu ◽  
Xueying Zhang ◽  
Yujun Pei ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Hepatocellular Carcinoma ◽  
Stem Cells ◽  
Cancer Stem Cells ◽  
Human Hepatocellular Carcinoma ◽  
Self Renewal

scholarly journals The Missing Lnc: The Potential of Targeting Triple-Negative Breast Cancer and Cancer Stem Cells by Inhibiting Long Non-Coding RNAs

Cells ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 9 (3) ◽  
pp. 763 ◽  
Author(s):  
Justin M Brown ◽  
Marie-Claire D Wasson ◽  
Paola Marcato
Keyword(s):  
Breast Cancer ◽  
Stem Cells ◽  
Cancer Stem Cells ◽  
Cancer Progression ◽  
Triple Negative ◽  
Gene Expression Regulation ◽  
Receptor Expression ◽  
Breast Cancers ◽  
Targeting Therapy ◽  
Non Coding Rnas

Treatment decisions for breast cancer are based on staging and hormone receptor expression and include chemotherapies and endocrine therapy. While effective in many cases, some breast cancers are resistant to therapy, metastasize and recur, leading to eventual death. Higher percentages of tumor-initiating cancer stem cells (CSCs) may contribute to the increased aggressiveness, chemoresistance, and worse outcomes among breast cancer. This may be particularly true in triple-negative breast cancers (TNBCs) which have higher percentages of CSCs and are associated with worse outcomes. In recent years, increasing numbers of long non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs) have been identified as playing an important role in breast cancer progression and some of these have been specifically associated within the CSC populations of breast cancers. LncRNAs are non-protein-coding transcripts greater than 200 nucleotides which can have critical functions in gene expression regulation. The preclinical evidence regarding lncRNA antagonists for the treatment of cancer is promising and therefore, presents a potential novel approach for treating breast cancer and targeting therapy-resistant CSCs within these tumors. Herein, we summarize the lncRNAs that have been identified as functionally relevant in breast CSCs. Furthermore, our review of the literature and analysis of patient datasets has revealed that many of these breast CSC-associated lncRNAs are also enriched in TNBC. Together, this suggests that these lncRNAs may be playing a particularly important role in TNBC. Thus, certain breast cancer-promoting/CSC-associated lncRNAs could be targeted in the treatment of TNBCs and the CSCs within these tumors should be susceptible to anti-lncRNA therapy.

scholarly journals MicroRNA-28-5p Regulates Liver Cancer Stem Cell Expansion via IGF-1 Pathway

2019 ◽  
Vol 2019 ◽  
pp. 1-16 ◽  
Author(s):  
Qing Xia ◽  
Tao Han ◽  
Pinghua Yang ◽  
Ruoyu Wang ◽  
Hengyu Li ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Stem Cells ◽  
Cancer Stem Cells ◽  
Liver Cancer ◽  
Critical Role ◽  
Self Renewal ◽  
Sorafenib Treatment ◽  
The Impact

Background. MicroRNAs (miRNAs) play a critical role in the regulation of cancer stem cells (CSCs). However, the role of miRNAs in liver CSCs has not been fully elucidated. Methods. Real-time PCR was used to detect the expression of miR-miR-28-5p in liver cancer stem cells (CSCs). The impact of miR-28-5p on liver CSC expansion was investigated both in vivo and in vitro. The correlation between miR-28-5p expression and sorafenib benefits in HCC was further evaluated in patient-derived xenografts (PDXs). Results. Our data showed that miR-28-5p was downregulated in sorted EpCAM- and CD24-positive liver CSCs. Biofunctional investigations revealed that knockdown miR-28-5p promoted liver CSC self-renewal and tumorigenesis. Consistently, miR-28-5p overexpression inhibited liver CSC’s self-renewal and tumorigenesis. Mechanistically, we found that insulin-like growth factor-1 (IGF-1) was a direct target of miR-28-5p in liver CSCs, and the effects of miR-28-5p on liver CSC’s self-renewal and tumorigenesis were dependent on IGF-1. The correlation between miR-28-5p and IGF-1 was confirmed in human HCC tissues. Furthermore, the miR-28-5p knockdown HCC cells were more sensitive to sorafenib treatment. Analysis of patient-derived xenografts (PDXs) further demonstrated that the miR-28-5p may predict sorafenib benefits in HCC patients. Conclusion. Our findings revealed the crucial role of the miR-28-5p in liver CSC expansion and sorafenib response, rendering miR-28-5p an optimal therapeutic target for HCC.

scholarly journals Non-Coding RNAs as Regulators and Markers for Targeting of Breast Cancer and Cancer Stem Cells

Cancers ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 12 (2) ◽  
pp. 351 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kirti S. Prabhu ◽  
Afsheen Raza ◽  
Thasni Karedath ◽  
Syed Shadab Raza ◽  
Hamna Fathima ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Breast Cancer ◽  
Stem Cells ◽  
Cancer Stem Cells ◽  
Noncoding Rna ◽  
Micro Rna ◽  
Health Concern ◽  
Depth Information ◽  
Sequencing Technologies ◽  
Biological Phenomena ◽  
Non Coding Rnas

Breast cancer is regarded as a heterogeneous and complicated disease that remains the prime focus in the domain of public health concern. Next-generation sequencing technologies provided a new perspective dimension to non-coding RNAs, which were initially considered to be transcriptional noise or a product generated from erroneous transcription. Even though understanding of biological and molecular functions of noncoding RNA remains enigmatic, researchers have established the pivotal role of these RNAs in governing a plethora of biological phenomena that includes cancer-associated cellular processes such as proliferation, invasion, migration, apoptosis, and stemness. In addition to this, the transmission of microRNAs and long non-coding RNAs was identified as a source of communication to breast cancer cells either locally or systemically. The present review provides in-depth information with an aim at discovering the fundamental potential of non-coding RNAs, by providing knowledge of biogenesis and functional roles of micro RNA and long non-coding RNAs in breast cancer and breast cancer stem cells, as either oncogenic drivers or tumor suppressors. Furthermore, non-coding RNAs and their potential role as diagnostic and therapeutic moieties have also been summarized.

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