scholarly journals T-Cell Factors as Transcriptional Inhibitors: Activities and Regulations in Vertebrate Head Development

2021 ◽  
Vol 9 ◽  
Author(s):  
Johnny Bou-Rouphael ◽  
Béatrice C. Durand
Keyword(s):  
Stem Cells ◽  
T Cell ◽  
Neural Stem Cells ◽  
Transcriptional Activation ◽  
Embryonic Stem ◽  
Transcriptional Response ◽  
Axis Formation ◽  
Vertebrate Brain ◽  
Head Development ◽  
Binding Factor

Since its first discovery in the late 90s, Wnt canonical signaling has been demonstrated to affect a large variety of neural developmental processes, including, but not limited to, embryonic axis formation, neural proliferation, fate determination, and maintenance of neural stem cells. For decades, studies have focused on the mechanisms controlling the activity of β-catenin, the sole mediator of Wnt transcriptional response. More recently, the spotlight of research is directed towards the last cascade component, the T-cell factor (TCF)/Lymphoid-Enhancer binding Factor (LEF), and more specifically, the TCF/LEF-mediated switch from transcriptional activation to repression, which in both embryonic blastomeres and mouse embryonic stem cells pushes the balance from pluri/multipotency towards differentiation. It has been long known that Groucho/Transducin-Like Enhancer of split (Gro/TLE) is the main co-repressor partner of TCF/LEF. More recently, other TCF/LEF-interacting partners have been identified, including the pro-neural BarH-Like 2 (BARHL2), which belongs to the evolutionary highly conserved family of homeodomain-containing transcription factors. This review describes the activities and regulatory modes of TCF/LEF as transcriptional repressors, with a specific focus on the functions of Barhl2 in vertebrate brain development. Specific attention is given to the transcriptional events leading to formation of the Organizer, as well as the roles and regulations of Wnt/β-catenin pathway in growth of the caudal forebrain. We present TCF/LEF activities in both embryonic and neural stem cells and discuss how alterations of this pathway could lead to tumors.

Study on differentiation of human embryonic stem cells into neural stem cells

2009 ◽  
Vol 28 (10) ◽  
pp. 1141-1146
Author(s):  
Jing WANG ◽  
Li-xin SHANG ◽  
Ya-li LI ◽  
Hong-mei PENG ◽  
Zhi-feng YAN ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Stem Cells ◽  
Embryonic Stem Cells ◽  
Neural Stem Cells ◽  
Human Embryonic Stem Cells ◽  
Embryonic Stem

scholarly journals mRNA-Driven Generation of Transgene-Free Neural Stem Cells from Human Urine-Derived Cells

Cells ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 8 (9) ◽  
pp. 1043 ◽  
Author(s):  
Phil Jun Kang ◽  
Daryeon Son ◽  
Tae Hee Ko ◽  
Wonjun Hong ◽  
Wonjin Yun ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Stem Cells ◽  
Neural Stem Cells ◽  
Human Urine ◽  
Neurological Disorders ◽  
Therapeutic Potential ◽  
Embryonic Stem ◽  
Global Gene Expression ◽  
Patient Specific ◽  
Human Neural Stem Cells

Human neural stem cells (NSCs) hold enormous promise for neurological disorders, typically requiring their expandable and differentiable properties for regeneration of damaged neural tissues. Despite the therapeutic potential of induced NSCs (iNSCs), a major challenge for clinical feasibility is the presence of integrated transgenes in the host genome, contributing to the risk for undesired genotoxicity and tumorigenesis. Here, we describe the advanced transgene-free generation of iNSCs from human urine-derived cells (HUCs) by combining a cocktail of defined small molecules with self-replicable mRNA delivery. The established iNSCs were completely transgene-free in their cytosol and genome and further resembled human embryonic stem cell-derived NSCs in the morphology, biological characteristics, global gene expression, and potential to differentiate into functional neurons, astrocytes, and oligodendrocytes. Moreover, iNSC colonies were observed within eight days under optimized conditions, and no teratomas formed in vivo, implying the absence of pluripotent cells. This study proposes an approach to generate transplantable iNSCs that can be broadly applied for neurological disorders in a safe, efficient, and patient-specific manner.

scholarly journals Neural stem cells: involvement in adult neurogenesis and CNS repair

2008 ◽  
Vol 363 (1500) ◽  
pp. 2111-2122 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hideyuki Okano ◽  
Kazunobu Sawamoto
Keyword(s):  
Stem Cells ◽  
Neural Stem Cells ◽  
Cell Transplantation ◽  
Adult Neurogenesis ◽  
Embryonic Stem ◽  
Adult Brain ◽  
Therapeutic Interventions ◽  
Cell Transplantation Therapy ◽  
Transplantation Therapy

Recent advances in stem cell research, including the selective expansion of neural stem cells (NSCs) in vitro , the induction of particular neural cells from embryonic stem cells in vitro , the identification of NSCs or NSC-like cells in the adult brain and the detection of neurogenesis in the adult brain (adult neurogenesis), have laid the groundwork for the development of novel therapies aimed at inducing regeneration in the damaged central nervous system (CNS). There are two major strategies for inducing regeneration in the damaged CNS: (i) activation of the endogenous regenerative capacity and (ii) cell transplantation therapy. In this review, we summarize the recent findings from our group and others on NSCs, with respect to their role in insult-induced neurogenesis (activation of adult NSCs, proliferation of transit-amplifying cells, migration of neuroblasts and survival and maturation of the newborn neurons), and implications for therapeutic interventions, together with tactics for using cell transplantation therapy to treat the damaged CNS.

scholarly journals G9a and Jhdm2a Regulate Embryonic Stem Cell Fusion-Induced Reprogramming of Adult Neural Stem Cells

Stem Cells ◽  
2008 ◽  
Vol 26 (8) ◽  
pp. 2131-2141 ◽  
Author(s):  
Dengke K. Ma ◽  
Cheng-Hsuan J. Chiang ◽  
Karthikeyan Ponnusamy ◽  
Guo-li Ming ◽  
Hongjun Song
Keyword(s):  
Stem Cells ◽  
Stem Cell ◽  
Neural Stem Cells ◽  
Embryonic Stem Cell ◽  
Cell Fusion ◽  
Embryonic Stem ◽  
Adult Neural Stem Cells

Human embryonic stem cells: challenges and opportunities

2006 ◽  
Vol 18 (8) ◽  
pp. 839 ◽  
Author(s):  
Steven L. Stice ◽  
Nolan L. Boyd ◽  
Sujoy K. Dhara ◽  
Brian A. Gerwe ◽  
David W. Machacek ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Stem Cells ◽  
Neural Stem Cells ◽  
Cell Line ◽  
Cell Fate ◽  
Neural Development ◽  
Es Cells ◽  
Embryonic Stem ◽  
Normal Karyotype ◽  
Es Cell ◽  
Cell Therapies

Human and non-human primate embryonic stem (ES) cells are invaluable resources for developmental studies, pharmaceutical research and a better understanding of human disease and replacement therapies. In 1998, subsequent to the establishment of the first monkey ES cell line in 1995, the first human ES cell line was developed. Later, three of the National Institute of Health (NIH) lines (BG01, BG02 and BG03) were derived from embryos that would have been discarded because of their poor quality. A major challenge to research in this area is maintaining the unique characteristics and a normal karyotype in the NIH-registered human ES cell lines. A normal karyotype can be maintained under certain culture conditions. In addition, a major goal in stem cell research is to direct ES cells towards a limited cell fate, with research progressing towards the derivation of a variety of cell types. We and others have built on findings in vertebrate (frog, chicken and mouse) neural development and from mouse ES cell research to derive neural stem cells from human ES cells. We have directed these derived human neural stem cells to differentiate into motoneurons using a combination of developmental cues (growth factors) that are spatially and temporally defined. These and other human ES cell derivatives will be used to screen new compounds and develop innovative cell therapies for degenerative diseases.

scholarly journals SV40T reprograms Schwann cells into stem-like cells that can re-differentiate into terminal nerve cells

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rui-fang Li ◽  
Guo-xin Nan ◽  
Dan Wang ◽  
Chang Gao ◽  
Juan Yang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Stem Cells ◽  
Embryonic Stem Cells ◽  
Neural Stem Cells ◽  
Neural Crest ◽  
Schwann Cells ◽  
Early Development ◽  
Glial Cells ◽  
Embryonic Stem ◽  
Specific Effect ◽  
Neural Crest Cells

Background: The specific effect of SV40T on neurocytes has been rarely investigated by the researchers. We transfected Schwann cells (SCs) that did not have differentiation ability with MPH 86 plasmid containing SV40T in order to explore the effects of SV40T on Schwann cells.Methods: SCs were transfected with MPH 86 plasmid carrying the SV40T gene and cultured in different media, as well as co-cultured with neural stem cells (NSCs). In our study, SCs overexpressing SV40T were defined as SV40T-SCs. The proliferation of these cells was detected by WST-1, and the expression of different biomarkers was analyzed by qPCR and immunohistochemistry. Results: SV40T induced the characteristics of NSCs, such as the ability to grow in suspension, form spheroid colonies and proliferate rapidly, in the SCs, which were reversed by knocking out SV40T by the Flip-adenovirus. In addition, SV40T upregulated the expressions of neural crest-associated markers Nestin, Pax3 and Slug, and down-regulated S100b as well as the markers of mature SCs MBP, GFAP and Olig1/2. These cells also expressed NSC markers like Nestin, Sox2, CD133 and SSEA-1, as well as early development markers of embryonic stem cells (ESCs) like BMP4, c-Myc, OCT4 and Gbx2. Co-culturing with NSCs induced differentiation of the SV40T-SCs into neuronal and glial cells. Conclusions: SV40T reprograms Schwann cells to stem-like cells at the stage of neural crest cells (NCCs) that can differentiate to neurocytes.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document