scholarly journals Linear and Continuous Flavivirus Epitopes From Naturally Infected Humans

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 ◽  
Author(s):  
Marcilio Jorge Fumagalli ◽  
Luiz Tadeu Moraes Figueiredo ◽  
Victor Hugo Aquino
Keyword(s):  
West Nile Virus ◽  
Viral Proteins ◽  
Encephalitis Virus ◽  
Vaccine Formulation ◽  
Valuable Data ◽  
Tick Borne Encephalitis ◽  
Virus West Nile ◽  
Tick Borne Encephalitis Virus ◽  
Virus Zika ◽  
Flavivirus Infection

This manuscript is an up-to-date review of experimentally validated linear and continuous epitopes identified from arbovirus members of the Flavivirus genus. We summarized 153 immunoreactive peptides from the Dengue virus, Zika virus, Japanese encephalitis virus, West Nile virus, and tick-borne encephalitis virus described in studies published from 1989 to 2020. We included peptides from structural (envelope, capsid, and pre-membrane) and nonstructural (Ns1–5) viral proteins that demonstrated relevant immunoreactivity with antibodies from naturally infected or vaccinated humans. We included peptides that demonstrated relevant reactivity features, such as indicators of disease severity related to immunological or immunopathological outcomes, differential or group diagnostic markers, immunotherapy candidates, and potential for vaccine formulation. The majority of immunoreactive peptides were described for DENV probably due to its long-lasting impact on human health and the lack of efficient vaccines and therapeutic methods. Immune landscape data regarding linear immunoreactive and continuous flavivirus peptides are still scarce, and a complete and more detailed map remains to be elucidated. Therefore, this review provides valuable data for those investigating the antibody response against flavivirus infection.

Surveillance on antibodies against West Nile virus, Usutu virus, tick-borne encephalitis virus and Tribeč virus in wild birds in Drienovská wetland, Slovakia

Biologia ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 74 (7) ◽  
pp. 813-820 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tomáš Csank ◽  
Ľuboš Korytár ◽  
Terézia Pošiváková ◽  
Tamás Bakonyi ◽  
Juraj Pistl ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
West Nile Virus ◽  
Wild Birds ◽  
Encephalitis Virus ◽  
West Nile ◽  
Usutu Virus ◽  
Tick Borne Encephalitis ◽  
Tick Borne Encephalitis Virus

A nationwide seroprevalence screening for West Nile virus and Tick-borne encephalitis virus in the population of Bulgaria

2017 ◽  
Vol 89 (10) ◽  
pp. 1875-1878 ◽  
Author(s):  
Iva Christova ◽  
Elitsa Panayotova ◽  
Simona Tchakarova ◽  
Evgenia Taseva ◽  
Iva Trifonova ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
West Nile Virus ◽  
Encephalitis Virus ◽  
West Nile ◽  
Tick Borne Encephalitis ◽  
Tick Borne Encephalitis Virus

scholarly journals Detection of West Nile virus and tick-borne encephalitis virus in birds in Slovakia, using a universal primer set

2016 ◽  
Vol 161 (6) ◽  
pp. 1679-1683 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tomáš Csank ◽  
Katarína Bhide ◽  
Elena Bencúrová ◽  
Saskia Dolinská ◽  
Petra Drzewnioková ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
West Nile Virus ◽  
Encephalitis Virus ◽  
West Nile ◽  
Universal Primer ◽  
Tick Borne Encephalitis ◽  
Tick Borne Encephalitis Virus

scholarly journals Flaviviridae Viruses and Oxidative Stress: Implications for Viral Pathogenesis

2019 ◽  
Vol 2019 ◽  
pp. 1-17 ◽  
Author(s):  
Zhenzhen Zhang ◽  
Liang Rong ◽  
Yi-Ping Li
Keyword(s):  
Oxidative Stress ◽  
Life Cycle ◽  
Viral Proteins ◽  
Viral Pathogenesis ◽  
Encephalitis Virus ◽  
Research Attention ◽  
Molecular Events ◽  
Tick Borne Encephalitis ◽  
Tick Borne Encephalitis Virus ◽  
And Oxidative Stress

Oxidative stress is induced once the balance of generation and neutralization of reactive oxygen species (ROS) is broken in the cell, and it plays crucial roles in a variety of natural and diseased processes. Infections of Flaviviridae viruses trigger oxidative stress, which affects both the cellular metabolism and the life cycle of the viruses. Oxidative stress associated with specific viral proteins, experimental culture systems, and patient infections, as well as its correlations with the viral pathogenesis attracts much research attention. In this review, we primarily focus on hepatitis C virus (HCV), dengue virus (DENV), Zika virus (ZIKV), Japanese encephalitis virus (JEV), West Nile virus (WNV), and tick-borne encephalitis virus (TBEV) as representatives of Flaviviridae viruses and we summarize the mechanisms involved in the relevance of oxidative stress for virus-associated pathogenesis. We discuss the current understanding of the pathogenic mechanisms of oxidative stress induced by Flaviviridae viruses and highlight the relevance of autophagy and DNA damage in the life cycle of viruses. Understanding the crosstalk between viral infection and oxidative stress-induced molecular events may offer new avenues for antiviral therapeutics.

High prevalence of West Nile virus in equines from the two provinces of Pakistan

2014 ◽  
Vol 143 (9) ◽  
pp. 1931-1935 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. ZOHAIB ◽  
M. SAQIB ◽  
C. BECK ◽  
M. H. HUSSAIN ◽  
S. LOWENSKI ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
West Nile Virus ◽  
Japanese Encephalitis Virus ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Encephalitis Virus ◽  
Serum Samples ◽  
West Nile ◽  
Elisa Kit ◽  
Tick Borne Encephalitis ◽  
High Prevalence ◽  
Tick Borne Encephalitis Virus

SUMMARYThis study describes the first large-scale serosurvey on West Nile virus (WNV) conducted in the equine population in Pakistan. Sera were collected from 449 equids from two provinces of Pakistan during 2012–2013. Equine serum samples were screened using a commercial ELISA kit detecting antibodies against WNV and related flaviviruses. ELISA-positive samples were further investigated using virus-specific microneutralization tests (MNTs) to identify infections with Japanese encephalitis virus (JEV), WNV and tick-borne encephalitis virus (TBEV). Anti-WNV antibodies were detected in 292 samples by ELISA (seroprevalence 65·0%) and WNV infections were confirmed in 249 animals by MNT. However, there was no animal found infected by JEV or TBEV. The detection of WNV-seropositive equines in Pakistan strongly suggests a widespread circulation of WNV in Pakistan.

scholarly journals West Nile Virus and Tick-Borne Encephalitis Virus Are Endemic in Equids in Eastern Austria

Viruses ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (9) ◽  
pp. 1873
Author(s):  
Phebe de Heus ◽  
Jolanta Kolodziejek ◽  
Zdenĕk Hubálek ◽  
Katharina Dimmel ◽  
Victoria Racher ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
West Nile Virus ◽  
Quantitative Polymerase Chain Reaction ◽  
Animal Health ◽  
Encephalitis Virus ◽  
Serum Samples ◽  
West Nile ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Tick Borne Encephalitis ◽  
Eastern Austria ◽  
Tick Borne Encephalitis Virus

The emergence of West Nile virus (WNV) and Usutu virus (USUV) in addition to the autochthonous tick-borne encephalitis virus (TBEV) in Europe causes rising concern for public and animal health. The first equine case of West Nile neuroinvasive disease in Austria was diagnosed in 2016. As a consequence, a cross-sectional seroprevalence study was conducted in 2017, including 348 equids from eastern Austria. Serum samples reactive by ELISA for either flavivirus immunoglobulin G or M were further analyzed with the plaque reduction neutralization test (PRNT-80) to identify the specific etiologic agent. Neutralizing antibody prevalences excluding vaccinated equids were found to be 5.3% for WNV, 15.5% for TBEV, 0% for USUV, and 1.2% for WNV from autochthonous origin. Additionally, reverse transcription quantitative polymerase chain reaction (RT-qPCR) was performed to detect WNV nucleic acid in horse sera and was found to be negative in all cases. Risk factor analysis did not identify any factors significantly associated with seropositivity.

Exposure to West Nile virus and tick-borne encephalitis virus in dogs in Spain

2018 ◽  
Vol 65 (3) ◽  
pp. 765-772 ◽  
Author(s):  
I. García-Bocanegra ◽  
E. Jurado-Tarifa ◽  
D. Cano-Terriza ◽  
R. Martínez ◽  
J. E. Pérez-Marín ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
West Nile Virus ◽  
Encephalitis Virus ◽  
West Nile ◽  
Tick Borne Encephalitis ◽  
Tick Borne Encephalitis Virus
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