Microbial-Driven Immunological Memory and Its Potential Role in Microbiome Editing for the Prevention of Colorectal Cancer

Over the last several years, many advances have been made in understanding the role of bacteria in the pathogenesis of gastrointestinal cancers. Beginning with Helicobacter pylori being recognized as the first bacterial carcinogen and the causative agent of most gastric cancers, more recent studies have examined the role of enteric microbes in colorectal cancer. In the digestive tract, these communities are numerous and have a complex interrelationship with local immune/inflammatory responses that impact the health of the host. As modifying the microbiome in the stomach has decreased the risk of gastric cancer, modifying the distal microbiome may decrease the risk of colorectal cancers. To date, very few studies have considered the notion that mucosal lymphocyte-dependent immune memory may confound attempts to change the microbial components in these communities. The goal of this review is to consider some of the factors impacting host-microbial interactions that affect colorectal cancer and raise questions about how immune memory responses to the local microbial consortium affect any attempt to modify the composition of the intestinal microbiome.

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The Pivotal Player: Components of NF-κB Pathway as Promising Biomarkers in Colorectal Cancer

International Journal of Molecular Sciences ◽

10.3390/ijms22147429 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 22 (14) ◽

pp. 7429

Author(s):

Matthew Martin ◽

Mengyao Sun ◽

Aishat Motolani ◽

Tao Lu

Keyword(s):

Colorectal Cancer ◽

Biological Response ◽

Significant Progress ◽

Therapeutic Approaches ◽

Successful Development ◽

Diagnostic Screening ◽

Proteomic Data ◽

Large Groups ◽

Made In

Over the last several decades, colorectal cancer (CRC) has been one of the most prevalent cancers. While significant progress has been made in both diagnostic screening and therapeutic approaches, a large knowledge gap still remains regarding the early identification and treatment of CRC. Specifically, identification of CRC biomarkers that can help with the creation of targeted therapies as well as increasing the ability for clinicians to predict the biological response of a patient to therapeutics, is of particular importance. This review provides an overview of CRC and its progression stages, as well as the basic types of CRC biomarkers. We then lay out the synopsis of signaling pathways related to CRC, and further highlight the pivotal and multifaceted role of nuclear factor (NF) κB signaling in CRC. Particularly, we bring forth knowledge regarding the tumor microenvironment (TME) in CRC, and its complex interaction with cancer cells. We also provide examples of NF-κB signaling-related CRC biomarkers, and ongoing efforts made at targeting NF-κB signaling in CRC treatment. We conclude and anticipate that with more emerging novel regulators of the NF-κB pathway being discovered, together with their in-depth characterization and the integration of large groups of genomic, transcriptomic and proteomic data, the day of successful development of more ideal NF-κB inhibitors is fast approaching.

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The potential role of microRNA-31 expression in early colorectal cancer

Pathology International ◽

10.1111/pin.12334 ◽

2015 ◽

Vol 65 (10) ◽

pp. 513-518 ◽

Cited By ~ 4

Author(s):

Yoko Tateishi ◽

Koji Okudela ◽

Hideaki Mitsui ◽

Shigeaki Umeda ◽

Takehisa Suzuki ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Colorectal Cancer ◽

Potential Role ◽

Early Colorectal Cancer

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The Potential Role of Exercise and Nutrition in Harnessing the Immune System to Improve Colorectal Cancer Survival

Gastroenterology ◽

10.1053/j.gastro.2018.07.038 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 155 (3) ◽

pp. 596-600 ◽

Cited By ~ 18

Author(s):

Mingyang Song ◽

Andrew T. Chan

Keyword(s):

Colorectal Cancer ◽

Immune System ◽

Potential Role ◽

Cancer Survival ◽

Colorectal Cancer Survival

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Role of the intestinal microbiome in colorectal cancer surgery outcomes

World Journal of Surgical Oncology ◽

10.1186/s12957-019-1754-x ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 17 (1) ◽

Cited By ~ 3

Author(s):

Lelde Lauka ◽

Elisa Reitano ◽

Maria Clotilde Carra ◽

Federica Gaiani ◽

Paschalis Gavriilidis ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Colorectal Cancer ◽

Cancer Surgery ◽

Intestinal Microbiome ◽

Colorectal Cancer Surgery ◽

Microbiome Composition ◽

Cancer Specific Mortality ◽

Surgery Outcomes ◽

Disease Free

Abstract Objectives Growing evidence supports the role of the intestinal microbiome in the carcinogenesis of colorectal cancers, but its impact on colorectal cancer surgery outcomes is not clearly defined. This systematic review aimed to analyze the association between intestinal microbiome composition and postoperative complication and survival following colorectal cancer surgery. Methods A systematic review was conducted according to the 2009 PRISMA guidelines. Two independent reviewers searched the literature in a systematic manner through online databases, including Medline, Scopus, Embase, Cochrane Oral Health Group Specialized Register, ProQuest Dissertations and Theses Database, and Google Scholar. Human studies investigating the association between the intestinal microbiome and the short-term (anastomotic leakage, surgical site infection, postoperative ileus) and long-term outcomes (cancer-specific mortality, overall and disease-free survival) of colorectal cancer surgery were selected. Patients with any stage of colorectal cancer were included. The Newcastle-Ottawa scale for case-control and cohort studies was used for the quality assessment of the selected articles. Results Overall, 8 studies (7 cohort studies and 1 case-control) published between 2014 and 2018 were included. Only one study focused on short-term surgical outcomes, showing that anastomotic leakage is associated with low microbial diversity and abundance of Lachnospiraceae and Bacteroidaceae families in the non-cancerous resection lines of the stapled anastomoses of colorectal cancer patients. The other 7 studies focused on long-term oncological outcomes, including survival and cancer recurrence. The majority of the studies (5/8) found that a higher level of Fusobacterium nucleatum adherent to the tumor tissue is associated with worse oncological outcomes, in particular, increased cancer-specific mortality, decreased median and overall survival, disease-free and cancer-specific survival rates. Also a high abundance of Bacteroides fragilis was found to be linked to worse outcomes, whereas the relative abundance of the Prevotella-co-abundance group (CAG), the Bacteroides CAG, and the pathogen CAG as well as Faecalibacterium prausnitzii appeared to be associated with better survival. Conclusions Based on the limited available evidence, microbiome composition may be associated with colorectal cancer surgery outcomes. Further studies are needed to elucidate the role of the intestinal microbiome as a prognostic factor in colorectal cancer surgery and its possible clinical implications.

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Potential role of NF-κB pathway in the immuno-inflammatory responses during human cystic echinococcosis

Acta Tropica ◽

10.1016/j.actatropica.2019.105306 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 203 ◽

pp. 105306 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Sarah Tilioua ◽

Dalila Mezioug ◽

Zine-Charaf Amir-Tidadini ◽

Yacine-Miloud Medjdoub ◽

Chafia Touil-Boukoffa

Keyword(s):

Cystic Echinococcosis ◽

Potential Role ◽

Inflammatory Responses ◽

Human Cystic Echinococcosis

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The potential role of regulatory microRNAs of RAS/MAPK signaling pathway in the pathogenesis of colorectal cancer

Journal of Cellular Biochemistry ◽

10.1002/jcb.29268 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 120 (12) ◽

pp. 19245-19253 ◽

Cited By ~ 7

Author(s):

Atena Soleimani ◽

Farzad Rahmani ◽

Nikoo Saeedi ◽

Rana Ghaffarian ◽

Majid Khazaei ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Colorectal Cancer ◽

Signaling Pathway ◽

Potential Role ◽

Mapk Signaling ◽

Mapk Signaling Pathway

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Clinical potential role of circulating microRNAs in early diagnosis of colorectal cancer patients

Carcinogenesis ◽

10.1093/carcin/bgu189 ◽

2014 ◽

Vol 35 (12) ◽

pp. 2723-2730 ◽

Cited By ~ 37

Author(s):

Mulong Du ◽

Sang Liu ◽

Dongying Gu ◽

Qiaoyan Wang ◽

Lingjun Zhu ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Colorectal Cancer ◽

Early Diagnosis ◽

Cancer Patients ◽

Potential Role ◽

Circulating Micrornas ◽

Colorectal Cancer Patients ◽

Clinical Potential

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Malaria and red cell genetic defects

Blood ◽

10.1182/blood.v74.4.1213.1213 ◽

1989 ◽

Vol 74 (4) ◽

pp. 1213-1221 ◽

Cited By ~ 75

Author(s):

RL Nagel ◽

EF Jr Roth

Keyword(s):

Culture System ◽

Potential Role ◽

Dna Analysis ◽

Red Cell ◽

Metabolic Products ◽

Recombinant Technology ◽

Host Parasite ◽

Made In

Abstract The study of inherited RBC resistance to malaria has increased our knowledge of the biochemistry and physiology of the host-parasite interaction and suggested potential sites for therapeutic intervention. Discovery by Jensen and Trager of the in vitro culture system for P falciparum has facilitated research in this area. Known RBC defects may affect invasion, growth, or merozoite liberation (Fig 1). Significant advances made in understanding mechanisms underlying protection against malaria should not obscure the fact that the data are far from complete. More knowledge is needed about the influence of the erythrocyte cytoskeleton on invasion and growth of parasites as well as the potential role of phospholipids, erythrocyte enzymes other than G6PD, or other metabolic products. Application of DNA analysis and recombinant technology may have an increasing impact on study of the interaction of RBC defects with malarial parasites.

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