scholarly journals Respiratory Sinus Arrhythmia in Children—Predictable or Random?

2021 ◽  
Vol 8 ◽  
Author(s):  
Paulina Lubocka ◽  
Robert Sabiniewicz
Keyword(s):  
Blood Pressure ◽  
Heart Rate ◽  
Respiratory Sinus Arrhythmia ◽  
Interval Length ◽  
Healthy Children ◽  
Sinus Arrhythmia ◽  
Rr Intervals ◽  
Rr Interval ◽  
The Difference

Background: Respiratory sinus arrhythmia (RSA) is associated with better health in children.Aim: The study was conducted to analyze the trajectory of RSA in 10-year-olds.Methods: A follow-up study on 120 healthy children (62 boys) aged 10.7 ± 0.5 years consisted of a standard 12-lead electrocardiogram, measurements of height, weight and blood pressure. The protocol was repeated after 3 years. Assessment of RSA based on semi-automatic measurements of RR intervals included: the difference between the longest and shortest RR interval duration (pvRSA), the root mean square of differences between successive RR intervals (RMSSD), the standard deviation of the RR interval length (SDNN) and their equivalents corrected for heart rate (RMSSDc and SDNNc).Results: A the first visit 61.7% of children presented with RSA; 51.7% 3 years later. 23.3% of them had RSA only on the first examination; 13.3% only on the second one. The pvRSA, RMSSD, and SDNN measured in 2019 did not differ significantly from their 2016 equivalents (p > 0.05). The decline in RSA defined by RMSSD was noted in 52.5% of children and in 54.2% when defined by SDNN. The corrected values decreased in 68.3 and 64.2% of the participants for RMSSDc and SDNNc, respectively. The students with RSA at both visits had lower heart rate (p < 0.001) and systolic blood pressure (p = 0.010) compared to those with rhythmic electrocardiograms.Conclusions: RSA in children is changeable, though its measurable indices should be adjusted to heart rate.

scholarly journals Anthropometric Determinants of Respiratory Sinus Arrhythmia in Children

2022 ◽  
Vol 19 (1) ◽  
pp. 566
Author(s):  
Paulina Lubocka ◽  
Robert Sabiniewicz ◽  
Klaudia Suligowska ◽  
Tomasz Zdrojewski
Keyword(s):  
Blood Pressure ◽  
Heart Rate ◽  
Respiratory Sinus Arrhythmia ◽  
Overweight And Obesity ◽  
Clinical Settings ◽  
Healthy Children ◽  
Resting Heart Rate ◽  
Lower Heart Rate ◽  
Sinus Arrhythmia ◽  
School Aged Children

Background: The study was conducted to investigate the implications of anthropometry in school-aged children on the degree of respiratory sinus arrhythmia observed in clinical settings. Methods: In a cohort study, 626 healthy children (52% male) aged 10.8 ± 0.5 years attending primary school in a single town underwent a 12-lead electrocardiogram coupled with measurements of height, weight and blood pressure. Indices of respiratory sinus arrhythmia (pvRSA, RMSSD, RMSSDc) were derived from semi-automatic measurements of RR intervals. Height, weight, BMI, blood pressure as well as waist and hip circumferences were compared between subjects with rhythmic heart rate and respiratory sinus arrhythmia, and correlations between indices of sinus arrhythmia and anthropometry were investigated. Results: Respiratory sinus arrhythmia was recognized in 43% of the participants. Subjects with sinus arrhythmia had lower heart rate (p < 0.001), weight (p = 0.009), BMI (p = 0.005) and systolic (p = 0.018) and diastolic (p = 0.004) blood pressure. There were important inverse correlations of heart rate and indices of sinus arrhythmia (r = −0.52 for pvRSA and r = −0.58 for RMSSD), but not the anthropometry. Conclusion: Lower prevalence of respiratory sinus arrhythmia among children with overweight and obesity is a result of higher resting heart rate observed in this population.

scholarly journals A model-based analysis of autonomic nervous function in response to the Valsalva maneuver

2019 ◽  
Vol 127 (5) ◽  
pp. 1386-1402 ◽  
Author(s):  
E. Benjamin Randall ◽  
Anna Billeschou ◽  
Louise S. Brinth ◽  
Jesper Mehlsen ◽  
Mette S. Olufsen
Keyword(s):  
Blood Pressure ◽  
Heart Rate ◽  
Respiratory Sinus Arrhythmia ◽  
Valsalva Maneuver ◽  
Patient Specific ◽  
Control Mechanisms ◽  
Sinus Arrhythmia ◽  
Control Subjects ◽  
Model Based ◽  
Model Based Analysis

The Valsalva maneuver (VM) is a diagnostic protocol examining sympathetic and parasympathetic activity in patients with autonomic dysfunction (AD) impacting cardiovascular control. Because direct measurement of these signals is costly and invasive, AD is typically assessed indirectly by analyzing heart rate and blood pressure response patterns. This study introduces a mathematical model that can predict sympathetic and parasympathetic dynamics. Our model-based analysis includes two control mechanisms: respiratory sinus arrhythmia (RSA) and the baroreceptor reflex (baroreflex). The RSA submodel integrates an electrocardiogram-derived respiratory signal with intrathoracic pressure, and the baroreflex submodel differentiates aortic and carotid baroreceptor regions. Patient-specific afferent and efferent signals are determined for 34 control subjects and 5 AD patients, estimating parameters fitting the model output to heart rate data. Results show that inclusion of RSA and distinguishing aortic/carotid regions are necessary to model the heart rate response to the VM. Comparing control subjects to patients shows that RSA and baroreflex responses are significantly diminished. This study compares estimated parameter values from the model-based predictions to indices used in clinical practice. Three indices are computed to determine adrenergic function from the slope of the systolic blood pressure in phase II [ α (a new index)], the baroreceptor sensitivity ( β), and the Valsalva ratio ( γ). Results show that these indices can distinguish between normal and abnormal states, but model-based analysis is needed to differentiate pathological signals. In summary, the model simulates various VM responses and, by combining indices and model predictions, we study the pathologies for 5 AD patients. NEW & NOTEWORTHY We introduce a patient-specific model analyzing heart rate and blood pressure during a Valsalva maneuver (VM). The model predicts autonomic function incorporating the baroreflex and respiratory sinus arrhythmia (RSA) control mechanisms. We introduce a novel index ( α) characterizing sympathetic activity, which can distinguish control and abnormal patients. However, we assert that modeling and parameter estimation are necessary to explain pathologies. Finally, we show that aortic baroreceptors contribute significantly to the VM and RSA affects early VM.

Augmentation of respiratory sinus arrhythmia in response to progressive hypercapnia in conscious dogs

2001 ◽  
Vol 280 (5) ◽  
pp. H2336-H2341 ◽  
Author(s):  
Fumihiko Yasuma ◽  
Jun-Ichiro Hayano
Keyword(s):  
Blood Pressure ◽  
Heart Rate ◽  
Arterial Blood Pressure ◽  
Respiratory Sinus Arrhythmia ◽  
Physiological Response ◽  
Minute Ventilation ◽  
Control Level ◽  
Conscious Dogs ◽  
Sinus Arrhythmia ◽  
Arterial Blood

Respiratory sinus arrhythmia (RSA) may serve to enhance pulmonary gas exchange efficiency by matching pulmonary blood flow with lung volume within each respiratory cycle. We examined the hypothesis that RSA is augmented as an active physiological response to hypercapnia. We measured electrocardiograms and arterial blood pressure during progressive hypercapnia in conscious dogs that were prepared with a permanent tracheostomy and an implanted blood pressure telemetry unit. The intensity of RSA was assessed continuously as the amplitude of respiratory fluctuation of heart rate using complex demodulation. In a total of 39 runs of hypercapnia in 3 dogs, RSA increased by 38 and 43% of the control level when minute ventilation reached 10 and 15 l/min, respectively ( P < 0.0001 for both), and heart rate and mean arterial pressure showed no significant change. The increases in RSA were significant even after adjustment for the effects of increased tidal volume, respiratory rate, and respiratory fluctuation of arterial blood pressure ( P < 0.001). These observations indicate that increased RSA during hypercapnia is not the consequence of altered autonomic balance or respiratory patterns and support the hypothesis that RSA is augmented as an active physiological response to hypercapnia.

scholarly journals Role of respiration in the cardiovascular response to orthostatic and mental stress

2018 ◽  
Vol 314 (6) ◽  
pp. R761-R769 ◽  
Author(s):  
Michal Javorka ◽  
Fatima El-Hamad ◽  
Barbora Czippelova ◽  
Zuzana Turianikova ◽  
Jana Krohova ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Blood Pressure ◽  
Heart Rate ◽  
Respiratory Sinus Arrhythmia ◽  
Mental Stress ◽  
Blood Pressure Variability ◽  
Mental Arithmetic ◽  
Cardiovascular Response ◽  
Respiratory Response ◽  
Sinus Arrhythmia ◽  
Head Up Tilt

The objective of this study was to determine the response of heart rate and blood pressure variability (respiratory sinus arrhythmia, baroreflex sensitivity) to orthostatic and mental stress, focusing on causality and the mediating effect of respiration. Seventy-seven healthy young volunteers (46 women, 31 men) aged 18.4 ± 2.7 yr underwent an experimental protocol comprising supine rest, 45° head-up tilt, recovery, and a mental arithmetic task. Heart rate variability and blood pressure variability were analyzed in the time and frequency domain and modeled as a multivariate autoregressive process where the respiratory volume signal acted as an external driver. During head-up tilt, tidal volume increased while respiratory rate decreased. During mental stress, breathing rate increased and tidal volume was elevated slightly. Respiratory sinus arrhythmia decreased during both interventions. Baroreflex function was preserved during orthostasis but was decreased during mental stress. While sex differences were not observed during baseline conditions, cardiovascular response to orthostatic stress and respiratory response to mental stress was more prominent in men compared with women. The respiratory response to the mental arithmetic tasks was more prominent in men despite a significantly higher subjectively perceived stress level in women. In conclusion, respiration shows a distinct response to orthostatic versus mental stress, mediating cardiovascular variability; it needs to be considered for correct interpretation of heart rate and blood pressure phenomena.

scholarly journals Relationship of heart rate variability with iron status in metabolic syndrome

2020 ◽  
Vol 15 (1) ◽  
pp. 46-53
Author(s):  
Halima Akter Munni ◽  
Shelina Begum
Keyword(s):  
Blood Pressure ◽  
Metabolic Syndrome ◽  
Heart Rate ◽  
Standard Deviation ◽  
Serum Ferritin ◽  
Iron Status ◽  
Rr Intervals ◽  
Rr Interval ◽  
Increased Risk ◽  
Relationship Of

Background: Clustering of some most dreadful cardiovascular risk factors gives rise to metabolic syndrome (MetS). Higher iron status and impaired cardiac autonomic status may important play role in increased risk of cardiovascular morbidity in this group of patients. Objective: To observe the relationship of HRV with iron status in patients with MetS. Methods: This cross-sectional study was conducted in the Department of Physiology, Bangabandhu Sheikh Mujib Medical University (BSMMU), Shahbag, Dhaka from March, 2019 to February, 2020. For this study, 35 MetS female patients aged 25 to 45 years were enrolled in MetS group and equal number of age and sex matched apparently healthy subjects constituted control group. For evaluation of iron status, serum iron, serum ferritin, total iron binding capacity (TIBC) and transferrin saturation (Tsat) were measured by autoanalyzer. HRV was assessed by Powerlab 8/35, AD instruments, Australia. Data were expressed as mean±SD. Statistical analysis was done by Independent sample ‘t’ test and Pearson’s correlation coefficient test as applicable. Results: In this study, resting pulse rate, systolic blood pressure (SBP), diastolic blood pressure (DBP) were significantly (p<0.001) higher and mean heart rate, standard deviation of the RR intervals (SDRR),mean R-R interval, standard deviation of the difference betweensuccessive RR intervals (SDSD), square root of mean squared differences of successive RR intervals (RMSSD), proportion of difference of successive RR interval greater than 50 ms (pRR50) were significantly (p<0.001) lower in MetS patients compared to control. Among the parameters of iron status, serum ferritin was significantly (p£<0.05) higher and TIBCwas significantly(p<0.05) lower in MetS patients in comparison to control. On correlation analysis, only the TIBC showed significant positive correlation with mean RR interval, SDRR, CVRR, SDSD, RMSSD, pRR50 (p<0.05) in MetS patients. Conclusion: This study reveals that poor parasympathetic activity is related to higher iron status in metabolic syndrome patients. J Bangladesh Soc Physiol. 2020, June; 15(1): 46-53

Heart rate and heart rate variability of healthy cats in home and hospital environments

2005 ◽  
Vol 7 (3) ◽  
pp. 195-202 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jonathan A Abbott
Keyword(s):  
Heart Rate ◽  
Heart Rate Variability ◽  
Fourier Transform ◽  
Fast Fourier Transform ◽  
Sinus Arrhythmia ◽  
Rr Intervals ◽  
Rr Interval ◽  
Hospital Environments ◽  
Echocardiographic Examination ◽  
Veterinary Hospital

To investigate heart rate and its variability, a telemetry device was affixed to 16 healthy, young cats. Prior to inclusion in the study, cats were subject to echocardiographic examination. The heart rate (HR) when cats were restrained for echocardiography (HRr) was calculated from 4–5 consecutive RR intervals obtained from a simultaneously recorded electrocardiogram. Electrocardiographic data were then acquired by telemetry in a quiet room in the veterinary hospital (VTH) and later, in the owner's home (home). The ambulatory data were digitally sampled and the RR interval tachogram from a 4 min epoch subject to Fast Fourier Transform to yield measures of heart rate variability (HRV). Sinus arrhythmia was often observed in resting cats. Heart rates (bpm) expressed as mean (±SD) were: HRr: 187 (±25), HRVTH: 150 (±23), HRhome: 132 (±19); each of these rates was significantly different from the others. Significant differences in profiles of HRV suggested that sympathetic tone was higher (and parasympathetic tone lower) when cats were in the hospital.

Cardiocirculatory coupling during sinusoidal baroreceptor stimulation and fixed-frequency breathing

2000 ◽  
Vol 99 (2) ◽  
pp. 113-124 ◽  
Author(s):  
Cornelius KEYL ◽  
Martin DAMBACHER ◽  
Annette SCHNEIDER ◽  
Claudio PASSINO ◽  
Ulrike WEGENHORST ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Blood Pressure ◽  
Heart Rate ◽  
Systolic Blood Pressure ◽  
Function Analysis ◽  
Time Lag ◽  
Fixed Frequency ◽  
Sinus Arrhythmia ◽  
Rr Interval ◽  
Transfer Function Analysis ◽  
Baroreceptor Stimulation

The question of whether respiratory sinus arrhythmia (RSA) originates mainly from a central coupling between respiration and heart rate, or from baroreflex mechanisms, is a subject of controversy. If there is a major contribution of baroreflexes to RSA, cardiocirculatory coupling during breathing and during cyclic baroreflex stimulation should show similarities. We applied a sinusoidal stimulus to the carotid baroreceptors and generated heart rate fluctuations of the same magnitude as RSA with a frequency similar to, but different from, the breathing frequency (0.2 Hz, compared with 0.25 Hz), and at 0.1 Hz, in 17 supine healthy subjects (age 28–39 years). The data were analysed using discrete Fourier-transform and transfer function analysis. Respiratory fluctuations in systolic blood pressure preceded RSA with a time lag equal to that between baroreceptor stimulation and oscillations in RR interval (0.62±0.18 s compared with 0.57±0.28 s at 0.2 Hz neck suction). The response of systolic blood pressure to neck suction at 0.2 Hz was 5 times less than the respiratory blood pressure fluctuations. Neck suction at 0.1 Hz largely increased fluctuations in blood pressure and RR interval, whereas the spontaneous phase relationship between blood pressure and RR interval remained unchanged. Our results are not consistent with the hypothesis that the origin of RSA is predominantly a central phenomenon which secondarily generates fluctuations in blood pressure, but suggest that, under the condition of fixed-frequency breathing at 0.25 Hz, baroreflex mechanisms contribute to respiratory fluctuations in RR interval.

scholarly journals Information Domain Analysis of Respiratory Sinus Arrhythmia Mechanisms

2018 ◽  
pp. S611-S618 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. KROHOVA ◽  
B. CZIPPELOVA ◽  
Z. TURIANIKOVA ◽  
Z. LAZAROVA ◽  
R. WISZT ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Blood Pressure ◽  
Heart Rate ◽  
Systolic Blood Pressure ◽  
Respiratory Sinus Arrhythmia ◽  
Information Transfer ◽  
Human Subjects ◽  
Sinus Arrhythmia ◽  
Cardiorespiratory Control ◽  
Peripheral Mechanism ◽  
Rate Oscillations

Ventilation related heart rate oscillations – respiratory sinus arrhythmia (RSA) – originate in human from several mechanisms. Two most important of them – the central mechanism (direct communication between respiratory and cardiomotor centers), and the peripheral mechanism (ventilation-associated blood pressure changes transferred to heart rate via baroreflex) have been described in previous studies. The major aim of this study was to compare the importance of these mechanisms in the generation of RSA non-invasively during various states by quantifying the strength of the directed interactions between heart rate, systolic blood pressure and respiratory volume signals. Seventy-eight healthy volunteers (32 male, age range: 16.02-25.77 years, median age: 18.57 years) participated in this study. The strength of mutual interconnections among the spontaneous beat-to-beat oscillations of systolic blood pressure (SBP), R-R interval (RR signal) and respiration (volume changes – RESP signal) was quantified during supine rest, orthostatic challenge (head-up tilt, HUT) and cognitive load (mental arithmetics, MA) using bivariate and trivariate measures of cardio-respiratory information transfer to separate baroreflex and nonbaroreflex (central) mechanisms. Our results indicate that both basic mechanisms take part in RSA generation in the intact cardiorespiratory control of human subjects. During orthostatic and mental challenges baroreflex based peripheral mechanism becomes more important.

scholarly journals Respiração lenta e profunda aumenta a modulação vagal em gestantes

2017 ◽  
Vol 27 (4) ◽  
pp. 28050
Author(s):  
Ana Claudia Silva Farche ◽  
Soraia Jurgensen ◽  
Paulo Giusti Rossi ◽  
Anielle Cristhine M. Takahashi ◽  
Audrey Borghi-Silva
Keyword(s):  
Heart Rate ◽  
Pregnant Women ◽  
Respiratory Sinus Arrhythmia ◽  
Well Being ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Sinus Arrhythmia ◽  
Rr Intervals ◽  
Autonomic Nervous ◽  
Before And After

AIMS: To compare the responses of the heart rate autonomic modulation in pregnant and non-pregnant women before and after the respiratory sinus arrhythmia maneuver.METHODS: A cross-sectional study was conducted with a sample of 24 women, divided into two groups: pregnant group (independent of gestational age) and control group (non-pregnant). The evaluation consisted of recording the RR intervals using a cardiofrequencimeter, for analysis of linear and nonlinear indices of heart rate variability. The evaluations were made at rest in left lateral decubitus, before and after the maneuver of accentuation of respiratory sinus arrhythmia, consisting of slow breaths five to six cycles per minute. The expiration/inspiration ratio and the difference between inspiration and expiration were evaluated during the maneuver. Results were compared between the two groups (pregnant and non-pregnant), as well as those obtained in each group before and after the maneuver. For the statistical analysis the level of significance considered was p <0.05. RESULTS: Linear indices showed increased baseline sympathetic modulation (low frequency band) in pregnant women when compared to non-pregnant women (pregnant women: 68.9±28.1; non pregnant women: 49.3±11.7; p=0,002). After the respiratory maneuver, the root mean square of successive differences in the RR intervals index increased in the pregnant group (pre-maneuver: 34.5±5.7; post-maneuver: 38.9±5.8; p=0,002) indicating an increase in the parasympathetic system for this population after the maneuver. In addition, there was an increase in the complexity values after the maneuver, suggested by the Shanon entropy for both groups, being the increase higher in the pregnant women. Regarding the indices evaluated during the respiratory sinus arrhythmia maneuver, both groups presented expiration/inspiration ratio values greater than 1, which suggests integrity of the autonomic nervous system.CONCLUSIONS: There was an improvement in the regulation of the autonomic nervous system after the respiratory maneuver for pregnant women, suggesting that the slow and deep breathing pattern may increase vagal modulation and confer a cardioprotective effect, besides causing relaxation and a sense of well-being.

scholarly journals Respiratory Sinus Arrhythmia as an Index of Cardiac Vagal Control in Mitral Valve Prolapse

2020 ◽  
pp. S163-S169
Author(s):  
L. Bona Olexova ◽  
N. Sekaninova ◽  
A. Jurko ◽  
Z. Visnovcova ◽  
M. Grendar ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Heart Rate ◽  
Cardiovascular Risk ◽  
Mitral Valve ◽  
Respiratory Sinus Arrhythmia ◽  
Mitral Valve Prolapse ◽  
Sinus Arrhythmia ◽  
Rr Interval ◽  
Vagal Control ◽  
Cardiac Vagal Control ◽  
And Gender

Respiratory sinus arrhythmia (RSA), i.e. heart rate (HR) variations during inspiration and expiration, is considered as a noninvasive index of cardiac vagal control. Mitral valve prolapse (MVP) could be associated with increased cardiovascular risk; however, the studies are rare particularly at adolescent age. Therefore, we aimed to study cardiac vagal control indexed by RSA in adolescent patients suffering from MVP using short-term heart rate variability (HRV) analysis. We examined 12 adolescents (girls) with MVP (age 15.9±0.5 years) and 12 age and gender matched controls. Resting ECG was continuously recorded during 5 minutes. Evaluated HRV indices were RR interval (ms), rMSSD (ms), pNN50 (%), log HF (ms2), peak HF (Hz) and respiratory rate (breaths/min). RR interval was significantly shortened in MVP group compared to controls (p=0.004). HRV parameters-rMSSD, pNN50 and log HF were significantly lower in MVP compared to controls (p=0.017, p=0.014, p= 0.015 respectively). Our study revealed reduced RSA magnitude indicating impaired cardiac vagal control in MVP already at adolescent age that could be crucial for early diagnosis of cardiovascular risk in MVP.

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