You Don't Need an App—Conducting Mobile Smoking Research Using a Qualtrics-Based Approach

With the increasing availability of smartphones, many tobacco researchers are exploring smartphone-delivered mobile smoking interventions as a disseminable means of treatment. Most effort has been focused on the development of smartphone applications (apps) to conduct mobile smoking research to implement and validate these interventions. However, developing project-specific smartphone apps that work across multiple mobile platforms (e.g., iOS and Android) can be costly and time-consuming. Here, using a hypothetical study, we present an alternate approach to demonstrate how mobile smoking cessation and outcome evaluation can be conducted without the need of a dedicated app. Our approach uses the Qualtrics platform, a popular online survey host that is used under license by many academic institutions. This platform allows researchers to conduct device-agnostic screening, consenting, and administration of questionnaires through Qualtrics's native survey engine. Researchers can also collect ecological momentary assessment data using text messaging prompts with the incorporation of Amazon Web Services' Pinpoint. Besides these assessment capabilities, Qualtrics has the potential for delivering personalized behavioral interventions through the use of JavaScript code. By customizing the question's web elements in Qualtrics (e.g., using texts, images, videos, and buttons), researchers can integrate interactive web-based interventions and complicated behavioral and cognitive tasks into the survey. In conclusion, this Qualtrics-based methodology represents a novel and cost-effective approach for conducting mobile smoking cessation and assessment research.

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Text messaging for smoking-cessation support cost effective in Spain

PharmacoEconomics & Outcomes News ◽

10.1007/s40274-021-7537-y ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 873 (1) ◽

pp. 28-28

Keyword(s):

Smoking Cessation ◽

Text Messaging ◽

Cost Effective ◽

Support Cost

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Text-Messaging, Online Peer Support Group, and Coaching Strategies to Optimize the HIV Prevention Continuum for Youth: Protocol for a Randomized Controlled Trial

JMIR Research Protocols ◽

10.2196/11165 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 8 (8) ◽

pp. e11165 ◽

Cited By ~ 6

Author(s):

Dallas Swendeman ◽

Elizabeth Mayfield Arnold ◽

Danielle Harris ◽

Jasmine Fournier ◽

W Scott Comulada ◽

...

Keyword(s):

High Risk ◽

Hiv Prevention ◽

Peer Support ◽

Text Messaging ◽

Behavioral Interventions ◽

Homeless Youth ◽

Cost Effective ◽

Evidence Based ◽

Transgender Youth ◽

Sti Testing

Background America’s increasing HIV epidemic among youth suggests the need to identify novel strategies to leverage services and settings where youth at high risk (YAHR) for HIV can be engaged in prevention. Scalable, efficacious, and cost-effective strategies are needed, which support youth during developmental transitions when risks arise. Evidence-based behavioral interventions (EBIs) have typically relied on time-limited, scripted, and manualized protocols that were often delivered with low fidelity and lacked evidence for effectiveness. Objective This study aims to examine efficacy, implementation, and cost-effectiveness of easily mountable and adaptable, technology-based behavioral interventions in the context of an enhanced standard of care and study assessments that implement the guidelines of Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) for routine, repeat HIV, and sexually transmitted infection (STI) testing for high-risk youth. Methods Youth aged between 12 and 24 years (n=1500) are being recruited from community-based organizations and clinics serving gay, bisexual, and transgender youth, homeless youth, and postincarcerated youth, with eligibility algorithms weighting African American and Latino youth to reflect disparities in HIV incidence. At baseline and 4-month intervals over 24 months (12 months for lower-risk youth), interviewers monitor uptake of HIV prevention continuum steps (linkage to health care, use of pre- or postexposure prophylaxis, condoms, and prevention services) and secondary outcomes of substance use, mental health, and housing security. Assessments include rapid diagnostic tests for HIV, STIs, drugs, and alcohol. The study is powered to detect modest intervention effects among gay or bisexual male and transgender youth with 70% retention. Results The project was funded in September 2016 and enrollment began in May 2017. Enrollment will be completed between June and August 2019. Data analysis is currently underway, and the first results are expected to be submitted for publication in 2019. Conclusions This hybrid implementation-effectiveness study examines alternative models for implementing the CDC guidelines for routine HIV/STI testing for YAHR of acquiring HIV and for delivering evidence-based behavioral intervention content in modular elements instead of scripted manuals and available over 24 months of follow-up, while also monitoring implementation, costs, and effectiveness. The greatest impacts are expected for coaching, whereas online group peer support is expected to have lower impact but may be more cost-effective. Trial Registration ClinicalTrials.gov NCT03134833; https://clinicaltrials.gov/ct2/show/NCT03134833 (Archived by WebCite at http://www.webcitation.org/76el0Viw9) International Registered Report Identifier (IRRID) DERR1-10.2196/11165

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Development of a Building Occupant Survey System with 3D Spatial Information

Sustainability ◽

10.3390/su12239943 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 12 (23) ◽

pp. 9943

Author(s):

Jong-Won Lee ◽

Deuk-Woo Kim ◽

Seung-Eon Lee ◽

Jae-Weon Jeong

Keyword(s):

Data Visualization ◽

Online Survey ◽

Spatial Information ◽

Three Dimensional ◽

Cost Effective ◽

Cost Effective Approach ◽

Literature Reviews ◽

Survey System ◽

The Difference ◽

Survey Responses

This paper summarizes the recent post-occupancy evaluation (POE) method studies and latest literature reviews. According to the research trends, data visualization of an occupant’s feedback is an important perspective and surveys through POE methods have provided a quick and cost-effective approach for gathering and analyzing an occupant’s feedback. Therefore, the objective of this study is to establish a web-based building occupant survey system that incorporates new approaches based on a geographic information system (GIS) tool and open-source spatial information. This paper reports the following to provide the detailed system framework: (1) development requirements from literature reviews; (2) integration of collected data and 3D (three dimensional) spatial information; (3) system processes and user-friendly functions; and (4) pilot test and data visualization. The difference between the proposed platform and existing online survey systems is that in the former the survey responses are linked to the 3D spatial information of the buildings on a map. Thus, the results provide more intuitive insights for building managers and occupants to identify specific performance issues related to the building.

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Cost-Effectiveness Analysis Of Text Messaging To Support Health Advice For Smoking Cessation

10.21203/rs.2.23843/v1 ◽

2020 ◽

Author(s):

Raquel Cobos-Campos ◽

Javier Mar ◽

Antxon Apiñaniz ◽

Arantza Sáez de Lafuente ◽

Naiara Parraza ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Primary Care ◽

Health Care ◽

Smoking Cessation ◽

Cost Effectiveness ◽

Text Messaging ◽

Cost Effective ◽

Cost Effectiveness Analysis ◽

Text Messages ◽

Effectiveness Analysis ◽

Health Advice

Abstract Background: Smoking in one of the most serious public health problems. It is well known that it constitutes a major risk factor for chronic diseases and the leading cause of preventable death worldwide.Due to high prevalence of smokers, new cost-effective strategies seeking to increase smoking cessation rates are needed. Methods:We performed a cost-effectiveness analysis comparing two treatments: health advice provided by general practitioners and nurses in primary care, and health advice reinforced by sending motivational text messages to patients’ mobile phones. A Markov model was used in which patients transitioned between three mutually exclusive health states (smoker, former smoker and dead) after 6-month cycles. We calculated the cost-effectiveness ratio associated with the sending of motivational messages throughout a patient’s life. Health care and society perspectives (separately) was adopted. Costs taken into account were direct health care costs and direct health care cost and costsfor lost productivity, respectively.Additionally, deterministic sensitivity analysis was performed modifying the probability of smoking cessation with each option. Results:Sending of text messages as a tool to support health advice was found to be cost-effective as it was associated with increases in costs of €7.4 and €1,327 per QALY gained for men and women respectively from a healthcare perspective, significantly far from the published cost-effectiveness threshold. From a societal perspective, the combined programmed was dominant. Conclusions: Sending text messages is a cost-effective approach. These findings support the implantation of the combined program across primary care health centres.

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Cost-Effectiveness Analysis Of Text Messaging To Support Health Advice For Smoking Cessation

10.21203/rs.2.23843/v3 ◽

2020 ◽

Author(s):

Raquel Cobos-Campos ◽

Javier Mar ◽

Antxon Apiñaniz ◽

Arantza Sáez de Lafuente ◽

Naiara Parraza ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Primary Care ◽

Health Care ◽

Smoking Cessation ◽

Cost Effectiveness ◽

Markov Model ◽

Text Messaging ◽

Health Care Cost ◽

Cost Effective ◽

Text Messages ◽

Health Advice

Abstract Background: Smoking in one of the most serious public health problems. It is well known that it constitutes a major risk factor for chronic diseases and the leading cause of preventable death worldwide.Due to high prevalence of smokers, new cost-effective strategies seeking to increase smoking cessation rates are needed. Methods: We performed a Markov model-based cost-effectiveness analysiscomparing two treatments: health advice provided by general practitioners and nurses in primary care, and health advice reinforced by sending motivational text messages to smokers’mobile phones. A Markov model was used in which smokerstransitioned between three mutually exclusive health states (smoker, former smoker and dead) after 6-month cycles. We calculated the cost-effectiveness ratio associated with the sending of motivational messages. Health care and society perspectives (separately) was adopted. Costs taken into account were direct health care costs and direct health care cost and costsfor lost productivity, respectively.Additionally, deterministic sensitivity analysis was performed modifying the probability of smoking cessation with each option. Results: Sending of text messages as a tool to support health advice was found to be cost-effective as it was associated with increases in costs of €7.4 and €1,327 per QALY gained (ICER)for men and women respectively from a healthcare perspective, significantly far from the published cost-effectiveness threshold. From a societal perspective, the combined programmed was dominant. Conclusions: Sending text messages is a cost-effective approach. These findings support the implantation of the combined program across primary care health centres.

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Text-Messaging, Online Peer Support Group, and Coaching Strategies to Optimize the HIV Prevention Continuum for Youth: Protocol for a Randomized Controlled Trial (Preprint)

10.2196/preprints.11165 ◽

2018 ◽

Cited By ~ 2

Author(s):

Dallas Swendeman ◽

Elizabeth Mayfield Arnold ◽

Danielle Harris ◽

Jasmine Fournier ◽

W Scott Comulada ◽

...

Keyword(s):

High Risk ◽

Hiv Prevention ◽

Peer Support ◽

Text Messaging ◽

Behavioral Interventions ◽

Cost Effective ◽

Standard Of Care ◽

Evidence Based ◽

Sti Testing ◽

Online Group

BACKGROUND America’s increasing HIV epidemic among youth suggests the need to identify novel strategies to leverage services and settings where youth at high risk (YAHR) for HIV can be engaged in prevention. Scalable, efficacious, and cost-effective strategies are needed, which support youth during developmental transitions when risks arise. Evidence-based behavioral interventions (EBIs) have typically relied on time-limited, scripted, and manualized protocols that were often delivered with low fidelity and lacked evidence for effectiveness. OBJECTIVE This study aims to examine efficacy, implementation, and cost-effectiveness of easily mountable and adaptable, technology-based behavioral interventions in the context of an enhanced standard of care and study assessments that implement the guidelines of Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) for routine, repeat HIV, and sexually transmitted infection (STI) testing for high-risk youth. METHODS Youth aged between 12 and 24 years (n=1500) are being recruited from community-based organizations and clinics serving gay, bisexual, and transgender youth, homeless youth, and postincarcerated youth, with eligibility algorithms weighting African American and Latino youth to reflect disparities in HIV incidence. At baseline and 4-month intervals over 24 months (12 months for lower-risk youth), interviewers monitor uptake of HIV prevention continuum steps (linkage to health care, use of pre- or postexposure prophylaxis, condoms, and prevention services) and secondary outcomes of substance use, mental health, and housing security. Assessments include rapid diagnostic tests for HIV, STIs, drugs, and alcohol. The study is powered to detect modest intervention effects among gay or bisexual male and transgender youth with 70% retention. Youth are randomized to 4 conditions: (1) enhanced standard of care of automated text-messaging and monitoring (AMM) and repeat HIV/STI testing assessment procedures (n=690); (2) online group peer support via private social media plus AMM (n=270); (3) coaching that is strengths-based, youth-centered, unscripted, based on common practice elements of EBI, available over 24 months, and delivered by near-peer paraprofessionals via text, phone, and in-person, plus AMM (n=270); and (4) online group peer support plus coaching and AMM (n=270). RESULTS The project was funded in September 2016 and enrollment began in May 2017. Enrollment will be completed between June and August 2019. Data analysis is currently underway, and the first results are expected to be submitted for publication in 2019. CONCLUSIONS This hybrid implementation-effectiveness study examines alternative models for implementing the CDC guidelines for routine HIV/STI testing for YAHR of acquiring HIV and for delivering evidence-based behavioral intervention content in modular elements instead of scripted manuals and available over 24 months of follow-up, while also monitoring implementation, costs, and effectiveness. The greatest impacts are expected for coaching, whereas online group peer support is expected to have lower impact but may be more cost-effective. CLINICALTRIAL ClinicalTrials.gov NCT03134833; https://clinicaltrials.gov/ct2/show/NCT03134833 (Archived by WebCite at http://www.webcitation.org/76el0Viw9) INTERNATIONAL REGISTERED REPOR DERR1-10.2196/11165

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Using a Media Campaign to Increase Engagement With a Mobile-Based Youth Smoking Cessation Program

American Journal of Health Promotion ◽

10.1177/0890117117728608 ◽

2017 ◽

Vol 32 (5) ◽

pp. 1273-1279 ◽

Cited By ~ 7

Author(s):

Amy Sanders ◽

Cendrine Robinson ◽

Shani C. Taylor ◽

Samantha D. Post ◽

Jeffrey Goldfarb ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Social Media ◽

Smoking Cessation ◽

Cost Effective ◽

Smoking Cessation Program ◽

Youth Smoking ◽

Web Traffic ◽

Campaign Strategies ◽

Adolescent Smokers ◽

Cost Effective Approach ◽

The Impact

Purpose: To describe the impact of the National Cancer Institute’s promotion of its youth smoking cessation program, Smokefree Teen (SFT). Design: We provide a description of campaign strategies and outcomes as a means to engage a teen audience in cessation resources using a cost-effective approach. Setting: The campaign occurred nationally, using traditional (TV and radio), online, and social media outreach. Participants: Ads targeted adolescent smokers (aged 14-17). The baseline population was 42 586 and increased to 464 357 during the campaign. Measures: Metrics used to assess outcomes include (1) visits to SFT website from traditional and online ads, (2) cost to get an online ad clicked (cost-per-click), and (3) SmokefreeTXT program enrollments during the 8-week campaign period. Analysis: We conducted a quantitative performance review of all tactics. Results: The SFT campaign achieved an online ad click-through rate of 0.33%, exceeding industry averages of 0.15%. Overall, web traffic to teen.smokefree.gov increased by 980%, and the online cost-per-click for ads, including social media actions, was approximately $1 as compared with $107 for traditional ads. Additionally, the campaign increased the SmokefreeTXT program teen sign-ups by 1334%. Conclusion: The campaign increased engagement with evidence-informed cessation resources for teen smokers. Results show the potential of using multiple, online channels to help increase engagement with core resources.

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Selecting Bolt-on Dimensions for the EQ-5D: Testing the Impact of Hearing, Sleep, Cognition, Energy, and Relationships on Preferences Using Pairwise Choices

Medical Decision Making ◽

10.1177/0272989x20969686 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 41 (1) ◽

pp. 89-99

Author(s):

Aureliano Paolo Finch ◽

John Brazier ◽

Clara Mukuria

Keyword(s):

Online Survey ◽

Logistic Models ◽

Cost Effective ◽

Health State ◽

Health States ◽

Cost Effective Approach ◽

Level 3 ◽

Severity Levels ◽

The Impact ◽

Selection Of

Background Generic preference-based measures (GPBMs) such as the EQ-5D are valid across many conditions, but in some cases, “bolting on” additional dimensions may improve validity. The selection of “bolt-ons” has been based on the psychometric impact of individual dimensions, but preferences provide another important way to select them. This study aims to test the potential of using pairwise choices to inform the selection of bolt-ons for the EQ-5D-5L. Methods General population preferences were collected using an online survey of 1040 UK residents. Three EQ-5D-5L health state pairs were selected based on pairs that had a 50:50 split in respondent preferences from a previous pairwise survey. Participants were presented with pairwise choices of EQ-5D-5L health states without and with bolt-ons of hearing, sleep, cognition, energy, and relationships, each added individually. Logistic models were used to assess the impact of bolt-ons, as well as bolt-ons at different severity levels, on the log odds of responders choosing between health states. Results Preferences varied according to the bolt-ons and their severity level (only levels 1, 3, and 5 were used). Additions of bolt-ons at level 1 generally resulted in nonstatistically significant differences while additions of bolt-ons at level 3 and level 5 produced a negative and statistically significant impact on preferences for the health state with the bolt-on. At level 5, hearing had the largest impact, followed by cognition, relationships, energy, and sleep. At level 3, cognition produced the largest impact, followed by hearing and sleep with similar impacts, energy, and relationships. This ordering offers information for bolt-on selection, with hearing and cognition appearing as the most important. The weight placed on the different health problems is not constant across severity levels between bolt-ons. Conclusions Pairwise choices provide a cost-effective approach of generating information on preferences to support bolt-on selection.

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Update on the approach to smoking in patients with respiratory diseases

Jornal Brasileiro de Pneumologia ◽

10.1590/1806-3713/e20180314 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 45 (3) ◽

Cited By ~ 2

Author(s):

Maria Penha Uchoa Sales ◽

Alberto José de Araújo ◽

José Miguel Chatkin ◽

Irma de Godoy ◽

Luiz Fernando Ferreira Pereira ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Smoking Cessation ◽

Behavioral Interventions ◽

Adult Life ◽

Cost Effective ◽

Prolonged Treatment ◽

Smoking Cessation Treatment ◽

Cessation Treatment ◽

Quitting Smoking ◽

Exhaled Carbon Monoxide ◽

Severity Of The Disease

ABSTRACT Smoking is the leading cause of respiratory disease (RD). The harmful effects of smoking on the respiratory system begin in utero and influence immune responses throughout childhood and adult life. In comparison with “healthy” smokers, smokers with RD have peculiarities that can impede smoking cessation, such as a higher level of nicotine dependence; nicotine withdrawal; higher levels of exhaled carbon monoxide; low motivation and low self-efficacy; greater concern about weight gain; and a high prevalence of anxiety and depression. In addition, they require more intensive, prolonged treatment. It is always necessary to educate such individuals about the fact that quitting smoking is the only measure that will reduce the progression of RD and improve their quality of life, regardless of the duration and severity of the disease. Physicians should always offer smoking cessation treatment. Outpatient or inpatient smoking cessation treatment should be multidisciplinary, based on behavioral interventions and pharmacotherapy. It will thus be more effective and cost-effective, doubling the chances of success.

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