scholarly journals Blue Carbon Soil Stock Development and Estimates Within Northern Florida Wetlands

2021 ◽  
Vol 9 ◽  
Author(s):  
Derrick R. Vaughn ◽  
Thomas S. Bianchi ◽  
Michael R. Shields ◽  
William F. Kenney ◽  
Todd Z. Osborne
Keyword(s):  
Salt Marshes ◽  
Carbon Stock ◽  
Gulf Coast ◽  
Carbon Stocks ◽  
Blue Carbon ◽  
Total Carbon ◽  
Carbon Burial ◽  
Stable Isotopic ◽  
Ipcc Guidelines ◽  
Different Depths

Blue carbon habitats, such as mangroves and salt marshes, have been recognized as carbon burial hotspots; however, methods on measuring blue carbon stocks have varied and thus leave uncertainty in global blue carbon stock estimates. This study analyzes blue carbon stocks in northern Florida wetlands along the Atlantic and Gulf coasts. Carbon measurements within 1–3m length vibracores yield total core stocks of 9.9–21.5 kgC·m−2 and 7.7–10.9 kgC·m−2 for the Atlantic and Gulf coast cores, respectively. Following recent IPCC guidelines, blue carbon stock estimates in the top meter are 7.0 kgC·m−2–8.0 kgC·m−2 and 6.1 kgC·m−2–8.6 kgC·m−2 for the Atlantic and Gulf cores, respectively. Changes in stable isotopic (δ13C, C/N) and lignin biomarker (C/V) indices suggest both coastlines experienced salt marsh and mangrove transgressions into non-blue carbon habitats during the mid- to late-Holocene following relative sea-level rise. These transgressions impact carbon storage within the cores as the presence of carbon-poor soils, characteristic of non-blue carbon habitats, result in lower 1m carbon stocks in north Florida Gulf wetlands, and a deeper extent of carbon-rich soils, characteristic of blue carbon habitats, drive higher 1m and total carbon stocks in north Florida Atlantic wetlands. Future blue carbon research should assess carbon stocks down to bedrock when possible, as land-cover and/or climate change can impact different depths across localities. Ignoring carbon-rich soil below the top meter of soil may underestimate potential carbon emissions based on these changes.

scholarly journals Carbon Stock of Seagrass Community in Barranglompo Island, Makassar (Stok Karbon pada Komunitas Lamun di Pulau Barranglompo, Makassar)

2014 ◽  
Vol 19 (1) ◽  
pp. 1 ◽  
Author(s):  
Supriadi Supriadi ◽  
Richardus F Kaswadji ◽  
Dietrich G Bengen ◽  
Malikusworo Hutomo
Keyword(s):  
Carbon Stock ◽  
Carbon Stocks ◽  
Blue Carbon ◽  
Total Carbon ◽  
Root Penetration ◽  
Enhalus Acoroides ◽  
Seagrass Community ◽  
Seagrass Biomass ◽  
Depth Relationship ◽  
Seagrass Density

Konsep blue carbon yang diperkenalkan oleh UNEP, FAO dan UNESCO pada tahun 2009 memasukkan padang lamun sebagai salah satu ekosistem yang mempunyai peran dalam penyerapan karbon global. Karbon yang diserap disimpan dan dialirkan dalam beberapa kompartemen, antara lain di sedimen, herbivora, kolom air, ekosistem lain dan dalam bentuk biomassa. Penelitian dilakukan di Pulau Barranglompo, Makassar, untuk melihat potensi stok karbon yang tersimpan dalam biomassa lamun. Kepadatan lamun diukur dengan melakukan sampling menggunakan metode transek kuadrat dengan ukuran 50cm x 50cm. Sedangkan untuk biomassa dilakukan dengan transek 20cm x 20cm. Hubungan antara kepadatan, biomassa dan kandungan karbon dari lamun digunakan untuk menentukan jumlah stok karbon. Kepadatan lamun disurvei pada 236 titik, sedangkan untuk pengambilan sampel biomassa dilakukan pada 30 titik. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa komunitas lamun mempunyai total stok karbon sebesar 73,86 ton dari total luas padang lamun 64,3 ha. Karbon di bawah substrat sebesar 56,55 ton (76,3%), lebih tinggi dibanding karbon di atas substrat yang hanya 17,57 ton (23,7%). Jenis lamun Enhalus acoroides menyumbang lebih dari 70% terhadap total stok karbon. Berdasarkan kelas karbon, kontribusi terbesar ditemukan pada kelas 100-200 gC.m-2 sebesar 29,41 ton (39,7%). Hasil ini menunjukkan bahwa ekosistem lamun berperan sangat penting dalam menjaga stok karbon di laut sehingga perlu mendapatkan perhatian untuk konservasinya. Kata kunci: konsep blue karbon, lamun, Barranglompo   Blue carbon concept as introduced by UNEP, FAO and UNESCO in 2009 included seagrass beds as one ecosystem having a significant role in global carbon absorption. Absorbed carbon was stored and distributed in various compartments such as in sediments, herbivores, water column, other ecosystems and in form of biomass. The research was conducted in Barranglompo Island, Makassar City to analyze the potency of carbon stock that stored within seagrass biomass. Seagrass density was sampled using quadrat transect method with size of 50cm x 50cm. While for biomass was done by harvesting seagrass at transect of 20cm x 20cm in root penetration depth. Relationship between density, biomass and carbon content of seagrass were used to determine total carbon stock. Seagrass density was surveyed at 236 points, while for biomass sampling was conducted in 30 points. The results showed that seagrass community had total carbon stocks as much as 73.86 tonnes from overall 64.3 ha of seagrass bed areas.  Below ground carbon had 56.55 tonnes (76.3%), higher compared to that aboveground which only 17.57 tonnes (23.7%). Seagrass species Enhalus acoroides contributed more than 70% to the total carbon stocks, whereas, based on the carbon classes, the highest contribution was found at class 100-200 gC.m-2 i.e. 29.41 tonnes (39.7%). These results suggest that seagrass ecosystem plays an important role in maintaining the carbon stock in the ocean and should receive good attention for its conservation. Keywords: blue carbon concept, seagrass, Barranglompo

scholarly journals Study on Carbon Stock of Leasehold Forests of Katakuti VDC, Dolakha District

2014 ◽  
Vol 5 ◽  
pp. 63-67
Author(s):  
Tshering Dolma Lama ◽  
Ram Asheshwar Mandal
Keyword(s):  
Organic Carbon ◽  
Soil Organic Carbon ◽  
Leaf Litter ◽  
Random Sampling ◽  
Carbon Stock ◽  
Carbon Stocks ◽  
Soil Samples ◽  
Total Carbon ◽  
Different Depths ◽  
Total Carbon Stock

A study was carried on ten leasehold forests of Katakuti VDC, Dolakha district to estimate the carbon stock. Random sampling was used to collect the biophysical data of trees/ poles, sapling, root and leaf litter, herb and grass. Then, the biomass was calculated using the respective equation and the calculated biomass stock was converted into carbon stock multiplying with 0.47. Similarly, the soil samples were collectewd from different depths of 0-10 cm, 10-20 cm and 20-30 cm to determine the soil organic carbon. Lastly, all analyzed data were compiled to get total carbon stocks. The result showed that the estimated total carbon stock per ha was found to be highest in Srijana leasehold forest with 125.493 t C/ha. The estimated total carbon stock of 10 leasehold forest was found to be 1439.033 tons. Here, Leasehold forests have been an emerging and successful example in conserving forests in epal. So, it is recommended to extend such studies in other parts of Nepal. DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3126/init.v5i0.10255   The Initiation 2013 Vol.5; 63-67

scholarly journals Stand density management and blue carbon stock of monospecific mangrove plantation in Bohol, Philippines

2017 ◽  
Vol 66 (1) ◽  
pp. 75-83
Author(s):  
Dixon T. Gevaña ◽  
Leni D. Camacho ◽  
Sofronio C. Camacho
Keyword(s):  
Carbon Stock ◽  
Local Community ◽  
Stock Assessment ◽  
Carbon Stocks ◽  
Blue Carbon ◽  
Total Carbon ◽  
Rhizophora Stylosa ◽  
Young Stand ◽  
Mature Stand ◽  
Significant Difference

AbstractBlue carbon pertains to carbon stock that is stored by marine ecosystems including mangrove forest. Density and blue carbon stock assessment was conducted covering matureRhizophora stylosaGriff. plantations in Bohol, Philippines. Three stand types were assessed: thinned mature stand (0.34 tree m−2at 55 years old; 35 ha); non-thinned mature stand (1.2 tree m−2at 55 years old; 20 ha) and young stand (2.6 tree m−2at 20 years old; 150 ha). These plantations were initially established with a plant spacing of 0.5 m × 0.5 m. Non-destructive plot sampling technique was used to account biomass and carbon stocks of trees and sediments. Five (5) sample plots measuring 200 m2were allocated for each stand type. Results showed that the total carbon stock of plantations amassed to 64.5 ktC or 236.6 ktCO2e. More than half (at least 54%) of this stock is imbedded in sediment. Individual accounts showed that carbon stock was largest in non-thinned stand with 435.2 tC ha−1, followed by thinned stand (408.5 tC ha−1) and young stand (276.8 tC ha−1). There was no significant difference between thinned and non-thinned mature stands carbon stocks. Such finding suggested the potential of having thinning intervention. Following the self-thinning rule of 1.1 to 1.3 tree m−2, the local community can harvest as much as 423 trees ha−1yr−1for 35 years starting at the plantation age of 20 years. Further, the additional carbon stock between the ages 20 to 55 years could reach about 580 tCO2e ha−1with an economic value of USD 2,962 ha−1. With this potential benefits, it is recommended that Banacon Island should pursue a carbon offset project for its plantations.

scholarly journals Relationships between above- and below-ground carbon stocks in mangrove forests facilitate better estimation of total mangrove blue carbon

2021 ◽  
Vol 16 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Yuchen Meng ◽  
Jiankun Bai ◽  
Ruikun Gou ◽  
Xiaowei Cui ◽  
Jianxiang Feng ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Carbon Stock ◽  
Distribution Patterns ◽  
Scientific Basis ◽  
Carbon Stocks ◽  
Blue Carbon ◽  
Total Carbon ◽  
Mangrove Forests ◽  
Linear Relationships ◽  
Geographical Regions ◽  
Below Ground

Abstract Background Although great efforts have been made to quantify mangrove carbon stocks, accurate estimations of below-ground carbon stocks remain unreliable. In this study, we examined the distribution patterns of mangrove carbon stocks in China and other countries using our own field survey data and datasets from published literature. Based on these data, we investigated the possible relationships between above-ground carbon stock (AGC) and below-ground carbon stock (BGC) for mangrove forests, aiming to provide a scientific basis for estimation of total mangrove carbon stocks. Results The average above-ground carbon stock in each region was sizeable (ranging from 12.0 to 150.2 Mg/ha), but average below-ground carbon stock was dominant (ranging from 46.6 to 388.6 Mg/ha), accounting for 69–91% of total carbon stock at the sites studied in China. Significant positive relationships were found between above-ground and below-ground mangrove carbon stocks, with the best fitting equation as BGC = 1.58 * AGC + 81.06 (Mg/ha, R2 = 0.62, p < 0.01, n = 122) for China. Such linear relationships vary for mangrove forests of different types and locations, from different geographical regions in China to other countries worldwide. Conclusion The positive relationship we found between above- and below-ground carbon stocks of mangrove forests in China and worldwide can facilitate more accurate assessments of mangrove blue carbon stocks at regional or global scales using modern techniques including remote sensing.

scholarly journals Blue carbon of Mexico, carbon stocks and fluxes: a systematic review

PeerJ ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 8 ◽  
pp. e8790 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jorge A. Herrera-Silveira ◽  
Monica A. Pech-Cardenas ◽  
Sara M. Morales-Ojeda ◽  
Siuling Cinco-Castro ◽  
Andrea Camacho-Rico ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Climate Change ◽  
Systematic Review ◽  
Land Use ◽  
Land Use Change ◽  
Carbon Stock ◽  
Carbon Stocks ◽  
Blue Carbon ◽  
Coastal Development ◽  
Total Carbon ◽  
General Law

Mexico has more than 750,000 ha of mangroves and more than 400,000 ha of seagrasses. However, approximately 200,000 ha of mangroves and an unknown area of seagrass have been lost due to coastal development associated with urban, industrial and tourist purposes. In 2018, the approved reforms to the General Law on Climate Change (LGCC) aligned the Mexican law with the international objectives established in the 2nd Article of the Paris Agreement. This action proves Mexico’s commitment to contributing to the global target of stabilizing the greenhouse gas emissions concentration in the planet. Thus, restoring and conserving mangrove and seagrass habitats could contribute to fulfilling this commitment. Therefore, as a first step in establishing a mitigation and adaptation plan against climate change with respect to conservation and restoration actions of these ecosystems, we evaluated Mexican blue carbon ecosystems through a systematic review of the carbon stock using the standardized method of Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA). We used the data from 126 eligible studies for both ecosystems (n = 1220). The results indicated that information is missing at the regional level. However, the average above and below ground organic carbon stocks from mangroves in Mexico is 113.6 ± 5.5 (95% CI [99.3–118.4]) Mg Corg ha−1 and 385.1 ± 22 (95% CI [344.5–431.9]) Mg Corg ha−1, respectively. The variability in the Corg stocks for both blue carbon ecosystems in Mexico is related to variations in climate, hydrology and geomorphology observed along the country’s coasts in addition to the size and number of plots evaluated with respect to the spatial cover. The highest values for mangroves were related to humid climate conditions, although in the case of seagrasses, they were related to low levels of hydrodynamic stress. Based on the official extent of mangrove and seagrass area in Mexico, we estimate a total carbon stock of 237.7 Tg Corg from mangroves and 48.1 Tg Corg from seagrasses. However, mangroves and seagrasses are still being lost due to land use change despite Mexican laws meant to incorporate environmental compensation. Such losses are largely due to loopholes in the legal framework that dilute the laws’ effectiveness and thus ability to protect the ecosystem. The estimated emissions from land use change under a conservative approach in mangroves of Mexico were approximately 24 Tg CO2e in the last 20 years. Therefore, the incorporation of blue carbon into the carbon market as a viable source of supplemental finance for mangrove and seagrass protection is an attractive win-win opportunity.

scholarly journals ESTIMATION OF ABOVEGROUND CARBON STOCK USING SAR SENTINEL-1 IMAGERY IN SAMARINDA CITY

2021 ◽  
Vol 18 (1) ◽  
pp. 103
Author(s):  
Bayu Elwanto Bagus Dewanto ◽  
Retnadi Heru Jatmiko
Keyword(s):  
Carbon Stock ◽  
Open Space ◽  
Exponential Model ◽  
Carbon Stocks ◽  
Total Carbon ◽  
Empirical Modelling ◽  
Aboveground Carbon ◽  
Accuracy Test ◽  
Estimated Error ◽  
Total Carbon Stock

Estimation of aboveground carbon stock on stands vegetation, especially in green open space, has become an urgent issue in the effort to calculate, monitor, manage, and evaluate carbon stocks, especially in a massive urban area such as Samarinda City, Kalimantan Timur Province, Indonesia. The use of Sentinel-1 imagery was maximised to accommodate the weaknesses in its optical imagery, and combined with its ability to produce cloud-free imagery and minimal atmospheric influence. The study aims to test the accuracy of the estimated model of above-ground carbon stocks, to ascertain the total carbon stock, and to map the spatial distribution of carbon stocks on stands vegetation in Samarinda City. The methods used included empirical modelling of carbon stocks and statistical analysis comparing backscatter values and actual carbon stocks in the field using VV and VH polarisation. Model accuracy tests were performed using the standard error of estimate in independent accuracy test samples. The results show that Samarinda Utara subdistrict had the highest carbon stock of 3,765,255.9 tons in the VH exponential model. Total carbon stocks in the exponential VH models were 6,489,478.1 tons, with the highest maximum accuracy of 87.6 %, and an estimated error of 0.57 tons/pixel.

scholarly journals Large-scale predictions of salt-marsh carbon stock based on simple observations of plant community and soil type

2019 ◽  
Vol 16 (2) ◽  
pp. 425-436 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hilary Ford ◽  
Angus Garbutt ◽  
Mollie Duggan-Edwards ◽  
Jordi F. Pagès ◽  
Rachel Harvey ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Plant Community ◽  
Salt Marshes ◽  
Soil Type ◽  
Carbon Stock ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Coastal Wetland ◽  
Blue Carbon ◽  
Wetland Ecosystems ◽  
Soc Stock ◽  
Carbon Store

Abstract. Carbon stored in coastal wetland ecosystems is of global relevance to climate regulation. Broadscale inventories of this “blue” carbon store are currently lacking and labour intensive. Sampling 23 salt marshes in the United Kingdom, we developed a Saltmarsh Carbon Stock Predictor (SCSP) with the capacity to predict up to 44 % of spatial variation in surface soil organic carbon (SOC) stock (0–10 cm) from simple observations of plant community and soil type. Classification of soils into two types (sandy or not-sandy) explained 32 % of variation in SOC stock. Plant community type (five vegetation classes) explained 37 % of variation. Combined information on soil and plant community types explained 44 % of variation in SOC stock. GIS maps of surface SOC stock were produced for all salt marshes in Wales (∼4000 ha), using existing soil maps and governmental vegetation data and demonstrating the application of the SCSP for large-scale predictions of blue carbon stores and the use of plant community traits for predicting ecosystem services.

scholarly journals Major role of marine vegetation on the oceanic carbon cycle

2005 ◽  
Vol 2 (1) ◽  
pp. 1-8 ◽  
Author(s):  
C. M. Duarte ◽  
J. J. Middelburg ◽  
N. Caraco
Keyword(s):  
Organic Carbon ◽  
Salt Marshes ◽  
Total Carbon ◽  
Organic Carbon Content ◽  
Top Down ◽  
Coastal Habitats ◽  
Bottom Up ◽  
Seagrass Meadows ◽  
Carbon Burial ◽  
Oceanic Carbon

Abstract. The carbon burial in vegetated sediments, ignored in past assessments of carbon burial in the ocean, was evaluated using a bottom-up approach derived from upscaling a compilation of published individual estimates of carbon burial in vegetated habitats (seagrass meadows, salt marshes and mangrove forests) to the global level and a top-down approach derived from considerations of global sediment balance and a compilation of the organic carbon content of vegeatated sediments. Up-scaling of individual burial estimates values yielded a total carbon burial in vegetated habitats of 111 Tmol C y-1. The total burial in unvegetated sediments was estimated to be 126 Tg C y-1, resulting in a bottom-up estimate of total burial in the ocean of about 244 Tg C y-1, two-fold higher than estimates of oceanic carbon burial that presently enter global carbon budgets. The organic carbon concentrations in vegetated marine sediments exceeds by 2 to 10-fold those in shelf/deltaic sediments. Top-down recalculation of ocean sediment budgets to account for these, previously neglected, organic-rich sediments, yields a top-down carbon burial estimate of 216 Tg C y-1, with vegetated coastal habitats contributing about 50%. Even though vegetated carbon burial contributes about half of the total carbon burial in the ocean, burial represents a small fraction of the net production of these ecosystems, estimated at about 3388 Tg C y-1, suggesting that bulk of the benthic net ecosystem production must support excess respiration in other compartments, such as unvegetated sediments and the coastal pelagic compartment. The total excess organic carbon available to be exported to the ocean is estimated at between 1126 to 3534 Tg C y-1, the bulk of which must be respired in the open ocean. Widespread loss of vegetated coastal habitats must have reduced carbon burial in the ocean by about 30 Tg C y-1, identifying the destruction of these ecosystems as an important loss of CO2 sink capacity in the biosphere.

scholarly journals Large-scale predictions of saltmarsh carbon stock based on simple observations of plant community and soil type

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hilary Ford ◽  
Angus Garbutt ◽  
Mollie Duggan-Edwards ◽  
Jordi F. Pagès ◽  
Rachel Harvey ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Plant Community ◽  
Salt Marshes ◽  
Soil Type ◽  
Carbon Stock ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Coastal Wetland ◽  
Blue Carbon ◽  
Wetland Ecosystems ◽  
Carbon Store ◽  
Carbon Stores

Abstract. Carbon stored in coastal wetland ecosystems is of global relevance to climate regulation. Broad-scale inventories of this "blue" carbon store are currently lacking and labour intensive. Sampling 23 salt marshes in the United Kingdom, we developed a Saltmarsh Carbon Stock Predictor (SCSP) with the capacity to predict up to 44 % of spatial variation in soil organic carbon (SOC) from simple observations of plant community and soil type. Classification of soils into two types (sandy or not-sandy) explained 32 % of variation in SOC. Plant community type (5 vegetation classes) explained 37 % of variation. Combined information on soil and plant community types explained 44 % of variation in SOC. GIS maps of SOC were produced for all salt marshes in Wales (~ 4000 hectares), using existing soil maps and governmental vegetation data, demonstrating the application of the SCSP for large-scale predictions of blue carbon stores and the use of plant community traits for predicting ecosystem services.

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