scholarly journals Competencies for Advancing Transformations Towards Sustainability

2021 ◽  
Vol 6 ◽  
Author(s):  
Aaron Redman ◽  
Arnim Wiek
Keyword(s):  
Relevant Literature ◽  
Change Agents ◽  
Interpersonal Competence ◽  
Unified Framework ◽  
The Past ◽  
Sustainability Learning ◽  
Key Competencies ◽  
High Level ◽  
Comprehensive Framework ◽  
Level Of Agreement

Advancing transformations towards sustainability calls for change agents equipped with a new set of competencies. Such sustainability competencies have been articulated with multiplicity and ambiguity, which is counterproductive to joint and accelerated progress. A unified framework of sustainability learning objectives would provide guidance to students, educators, and administrators of sustainability programs. To this end, we carried out a systematic review of the relevant literature. After scanning thousands of publications, we identified over 270 peer-reviewed articles of highest relevance, spanning two decades. Despite appearance otherwise, we found that there is a high level of agreement among scholars over the sustainability competencies that students should be trained in. Expanding on the five key competencies, namely, systems-thinking, anticipatory, normative, strategic, and interpersonal competence, that have gained widespread use, this article synthesizes the new suggestions made over the past decade into a unified framework. It centers on 8 key competencies in sustainability (the 5 established and 3 emerging—intrapersonal, implementation, and integration competence), which are complemented by separate disciplinary, general, and other professional competencies. This comprehensive framework of key competencies in sustainability is applicable across disciplines and can guide faculty, students, and practitioners in their joint efforts to advance transformations towards sustainability.

scholarly journals Forecasting the Past: Views of Earth from the Moon and Beyond

2020 ◽  
Vol 101 (7) ◽  
pp. E1190-E1200 ◽  
Author(s):  
Philippe Lopez
Keyword(s):  
Initial Conditions ◽  
Weather Prediction ◽  
Analysis Data ◽  
Numerical Weather Prediction Model ◽  
Numerical Weather ◽  
The Past ◽  
Visible Images ◽  
Forecasting System ◽  
High Level ◽  
Level Of Agreement

Abstract As we celebrate the fiftieth anniversary of NASA’s Apollo missions, images of Earth simulated with the ECMWF Integrated Forecasting System (IFS) are visually compared with pictures collected during space missions of the past five decades, in particular from the Apollo missions (1968–72). The numerical weather reforecasts use the latest version of the IFS and are initialized from (re)analysis data, which provide our current best representation of the atmospheric state for any given date back to the 1950s. Visible images of our planet are produced from the IFS with a simple simulator whose main inputs are the solar fluxes at the top of the atmosphere. First, a comparison to recent imagery from deep space illustrates the high level of performance of the IFS on recent dates. Then, the validation of the IFS against photographs taken by Apollo 11 and 17 both in-flight and from the lunar surface exhibits a significant level of agreement, despite the absence or very limited number of satellite observations available. This short study confirms that the combination of high-quality initial conditions with a modern numerical weather prediction model can yield reasonably accurate reforecasts of global meteorological conditions, especially cloud systems, for dates as far back as the late 1960s.

Machine learning for rediscovering revolutionary ideas of the past

2021 ◽  
pp. 105971232098304
Author(s):  
R Alexander Bentley ◽  
Joshua Borycz ◽  
Simon Carrignon ◽  
Damian J Ruck ◽  
Michael J O’Brien
Keyword(s):  
Language Processing ◽  
Scientific Progress ◽  
Phylogenetic Inference ◽  
The Past ◽  
New Methods ◽  
Inherent Nature ◽  
Social Learning Processes ◽  
High Level ◽  
Scientific Ideas ◽  
Revolutionary Science

The explosion of online knowledge has made knowledge, paradoxically, difficult to find. A web or journal search might retrieve thousands of articles, ranked in a manner that is biased by, for example, popularity or eigenvalue centrality rather than by informed relevance to the complex query. With hundreds of thousands of articles published each year, the dense, tangled thicket of knowledge grows even more entwined. Although natural language processing and new methods of generating knowledge graphs can extract increasingly high-level interpretations from research articles, the results are inevitably biased toward recent, popular, and/or prestigious sources. This is a result of the inherent nature of human social-learning processes. To preserve and even rediscover lost scientific ideas, we employ the theory that scientific progress is punctuated by means of inspired, revolutionary ideas at the origin of new paradigms. Using a brief case example, we suggest how phylogenetic inference might be used to rediscover potentially useful lost discoveries, as a way in which machines could help drive revolutionary science.

scholarly journals A Multi-Tiered Framework for Insider Threat Prevention

Electronics ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (9) ◽  
pp. 1005
Author(s):  
Rakan A. Alsowail ◽  
Taher Al-Shehari
Keyword(s):  
Real World ◽  
Relevant Literature ◽  
Security And Privacy ◽  
Insider Threat ◽  
Unified Framework ◽  
Insider Threats ◽  
Public And Private ◽  
Private Organizations ◽  
Confidential Data ◽  
Real Value

As technologies are rapidly evolving and becoming a crucial part of our lives, security and privacy issues have been increasing significantly. Public and private organizations have highly confidential data, such as bank accounts, military and business secrets, etc. Currently, the competition between organizations is significantly higher than before, which triggers sensitive organizations to spend an excessive volume of their budget to keep their assets secured from potential threats. Insider threats are more dangerous than external ones, as insiders have a legitimate access to their organization’s assets. Thus, previous approaches focused on some individual factors to address insider threat problems (e.g., technical profiling), but a broader integrative perspective is needed. In this paper, we propose a unified framework that incorporates various factors of the insider threat context (technical, psychological, behavioral and cognitive). The framework is based on a multi-tiered approach that encompasses pre, in and post-countermeasures to address insider threats in an all-encompassing perspective. It considers multiple factors that surround the lifespan of insiders’ employment, from the pre-joining of insiders to an organization until after they leave. The framework is utilized on real-world insider threat cases. It is also compared with previous work to highlight how our framework extends and complements the existing frameworks. The real value of our framework is that it brings together the various aspects of insider threat problems based on real-world cases and relevant literature. This can therefore act as a platform for general understanding of insider threat problems, and pave the way to model a holistic insider threat prevention system.

scholarly journals Artificial Intelligence in Education (AIEd): a high-level academic and industry note 2021

AI and Ethics ◽  
2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Muhammad Ali Chaudhry ◽  
Emre Kazim
Keyword(s):  
Artificial Intelligence ◽  
Intelligent Tutoring Systems ◽  
Policy Makers ◽  
Tutoring Systems ◽  
Research And Practice ◽  
The Past ◽  
Artificial Intelligence In Education ◽  
Potential Impact ◽  
High Level ◽  
Contextualized Learning

AbstractIn the past few decades, technology has completely transformed the world around us. Indeed, experts believe that the next big digital transformation in how we live, communicate, work, trade and learn will be driven by Artificial Intelligence (AI) [83]. This paper presents a high-level industrial and academic overview of AI in Education (AIEd). It presents the focus of latest research in AIEd on reducing teachers’ workload, contextualized learning for students, revolutionizing assessments and developments in intelligent tutoring systems. It also discusses the ethical dimension of AIEd and the potential impact of the Covid-19 pandemic on the future of AIEd’s research and practice. The intended readership of this article is policy makers and institutional leaders who are looking for an introductory state of play in AIEd.

scholarly journals Agreement between different recall periods in drug utilization studies

2017 ◽  
Vol 20 (2) ◽  
pp. 324-334 ◽  
Author(s):  
Cassia Garcia Moraes ◽  
Sotero Serrate Mengue ◽  
Tatiane da Silva Dal Pizzol
Keyword(s):  
Drug Use ◽  
Drug Utilization ◽  
Recall Period ◽  
Percent Agreement ◽  
Drug Utilization Studies ◽  
24 Hour Recall ◽  
High Level ◽  
Continuous Use ◽  
First Interview ◽  
Level Of Agreement

ABSTRACT: Objective: To assess the agreement between three recall periods for self-reported drug use using a 24-hour recall period as reference. Methods: Participants were allocated into three groups with different recall periods of 7, 14 and 30 days and were interviewed at two different times. A 24-hour recall questionnaire was answered during the first interview, and a questionnaire on drug use over the different recall periods tested was answered during the second interview. The agreement between the questionnaires was evaluated using percent agreement and kappa. Results: For continuous drugs, percent agreement varied between 92 and 99% and kappa varied between 0.71 and 0.97 for three periods tested. For drugs of occasional use, percent agreement varied between 63 and 81% and kappa varied between 0.27 and 0.52. The prevalence of drugs, particularly those of occasional use, increases with time. Conclusions: The high level of agreement between the three recall periods suggests that all of them are valid for the investigation of drugs of continuous use.

The Arab Brain Drain

1972 ◽  
Vol 6 (3) ◽  
pp. 1-16
Author(s):  
A.B. Zahlan
Keyword(s):  
College Students ◽  
Study Abroad ◽  
Brain Drain ◽  
Arab World ◽  
University System ◽  
College And University ◽  
The Past ◽  
High Level

The Arab World numbering an estimated 130 million inhabitants (1972) has produced—through its own college and university system (40 institutions in 1971 and 400,000 college students)—some 560,000 graduates; see Table I. Study abroad has been at a high level ever since the early fifties. During the past two decades it has increased from about 10,000 to 40,000.

scholarly journals A Fast and Effective Method to Identify Relevant Sets of Variables in Complex Systems

Mathematics ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 9 (9) ◽  
pp. 1022
Author(s):  
Gianluca D’Addese ◽  
Martina Casari ◽  
Roberto Serra ◽  
Marco Villani
Keyword(s):  
Complex Systems ◽  
Gene Regulatory Networks ◽  
Regulatory Networks ◽  
Computational Cost ◽  
Graph Analysis ◽  
The Past ◽  
Medium Level ◽  
Micro Level ◽  
Gene Regulatory ◽  
High Level

In many complex systems one observes the formation of medium-level structures, whose detection could allow a high-level description of the dynamical organization of the system itself, and thus to its better understanding. We have developed in the past a powerful method to achieve this goal, which however requires a heavy computational cost in several real-world cases. In this work we introduce a modified version of our approach, which reduces the computational burden. The design of the new algorithm allowed the realization of an original suite of methods able to work simultaneously at the micro level (that of the binary relationships of the single variables) and at meso level (the identification of dynamically relevant groups). We apply this suite to a particularly relevant case, in which we look for the dynamic organization of a gene regulatory network when it is subject to knock-outs. The approach combines information theory, graph analysis, and an iterated sieving algorithm in order to describe rather complex situations. Its application allowed to derive some general observations on the dynamical organization of gene regulatory networks, and to observe interesting characteristics in an experimental case.

ASPECTS REGARDING THE USE OF ARTIFICIAL INTELLIGENCE IN IMPROVING DEFENSE RESOURCE MANAGEMENT

2021 ◽  
Vol 17 (1) ◽  
pp. 323-330
Author(s):  
Gabriela-Florina NICOARĂ ◽  
Gergonia-Cristiana BOGĂȚEANU
Keyword(s):  
Artificial Intelligence ◽  
Resource Management ◽  
Technological Progress ◽  
Digital Systems ◽  
Constructive Approach ◽  
The Past ◽  
A Priority ◽  
High Level

Abstract: Regarding the society evolution dominated by a high-level technology, we consider this article a constructive approach. The aim of the paper is to highlight a few activities/places/spots in which competences of humans/soldiers interfere with different elements of the artificial intelligence. We deem that the technological progress in the past few years has been impressive. Nowadays, thousands of activities that were mostly or exclusively executed by people can be done faster and often with greater precision using digital systems. In this instance and considering the achievement of functional compatibility between Romanian Army and forces from NATO as being a priority, the development of the technology based on artificial intelligence is vital within the defense resource management.

DIAGNOSIS OF OVARIAN CANCER AND ACUTE ENDOMETRITIS BY NETWORK MODELING OF CHANGES IN BLOOD FLOW IN THE PELVIC ARTERIES

2021 ◽  
pp. 88-93
Author(s):  
Виталий Вячеславович Аксёнов ◽  
Николай Михайлович Агарков ◽  
Александра Игоревна Сурнина
Keyword(s):  
Ovarian Cancer ◽  
Blood Flow ◽  
Differential Diagnosis ◽  
Network Modeling ◽  
Correct Diagnosis ◽  
Arterial Blood Flow ◽  
Diagnostic Significance ◽  
The Past ◽  
Arterial Blood ◽  
High Level

Заболеваемость раком яичников в России в последнее время остается на высоком уровне. В мире более ста тысяч женщин умирают вследствие протекания данного заболевания. За последнее десятилетие заболеваемость острым эндометритом также неуклонно возрастает. Острый эндометрит обладает полиморфизмом симптомов, лабораторных и ультразвуковых изменений и вследствие этого тяжело поддается диагностике и дифференциальной диагностике. В условиях стационара обследованы 100 пациенток с раком яичников II-III стадии и 90 пациенток с диагнозом острого эндометрита. Им выполнялось ультразвуковое исследование. Полученные результаты подвергались обработке и математико-статистическому анализу, включающему расчёт показателей дезинтеграции, сетевое моделирование, математическое ранжирование. Изучение ультразвуковых изменений кровотока в маточных и яичниковых сосудах и венах у 100 заболевших раком яичников и 90 заболевших острым эндометритом дал возможность выделить ведущие дифференциально-диагностические аспекты. Характеристики дезинтеграции, в одном ряду со средними значениями локального кровотока, объективизируют дифференциацию рака яичников и острого эндометрита. В согласовании с дифференциально-диагностической значимостью ультразвуковых характеристик артериального кровотока в маточных и яичниковых сосудах построена сетевая модель дифференциальной диагностики рака яичников и острого эндометрита по более приоритетным переменам, собственно, что разрешает уменьшить размер и время обследования пациента и постановки верного диагноза The incidence of ovarian cancer in Russia has recently remained at a high level. In the world, more than a hundred thousand women die as a result of the course of this disease. The incidence of acute endometritis has also been steadily increasing over the past decade. Acute endometritis has a polymorphism of symptoms, laboratory and ultrasound changes and, as a result, is difficult to diagnose and differential diagnosis. 100 patients with stage II-III ovarian cancer and 90 patients with acute endometritis were examined in the hospital. They performed an ultrasound examination. The obtained results were processed and subjected to mathematical and statistical analysis, including the calculation of disintegration indicators, network modeling, and mathematical ranking. The study of ultrasound changes in blood flow in the uterine and ovarian vessels and veins in 100 patients with ovarian cancer and 90 patients with acute endometritis made it possible to identify the leading differential diagnostic aspects. The characteristics of disintegration, along with the average values of local blood flow, objectify the differentiation of ovarian cancer and acute endometritis. In accordance with the differential diagnostic significance of the ultrasound characteristics of arterial blood flow in the uterine and ovarian vessels, a network model for the differential diagnosis of ovarian cancer and acute endometritis is constructed according to higher priority changes, which actually allows reducing the size and time of the patient's examination and making the correct diagnosis

Comparison of Prescription and Medical Records in Reflecting Patient Antihypertensive Drug Therapy

1994 ◽  
Vol 28 (1) ◽  
pp. 99-104 ◽  
Author(s):  
Dale B. Christensen ◽  
Barbara Williams ◽  
Harold I. Goldberg ◽  
Diane P. Martin ◽  
Ruth Engelberg ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Medical Record ◽  
Medical Records ◽  
Health Maintenance Organizations ◽  
Antihypertensive Drug Therapy ◽  
Antihypertensive Medications ◽  
Pharmacy Records ◽  
Health Maintenance ◽  
Computer Based ◽  
High Level ◽  
Level Of Agreement

OBJECTIVE: To determine the completeness of prescription records, and the extent to which they agreed with medical record drug entries for antihypertensive medications. SETTING: Three clinics affiliated with two staff model health maintenance organizations (HMOs). PARTICIPANTS: Randomly selected HMO enrollees (n=982) with diagnosed hypertension. METHODS: Computer-based prescription records for antihypertensive medications were reviewed at each location using an algorithm to convert the directions-for-use codes into an amount to be consumed per day (prescribed daily dosage). The medical record was analyzed similarly for the presence of drug notations and directions for use. RESULTS: There was a high level of agreement between the medical record and prescription file with respect to identifying the drug prescribed by drug name. Between 5 and 14 percent of medical record drug entries did not have corresponding prescription records, probably reflecting patient decisions not to have prescriptions filled at HMO-affiliated pharmacies or at all. Further, 5–8 percent of dispensed prescription records did not have corresponding medical record drug entry notations, probably reflecting incomplete recording of drug information on the medical record. The percentage of agreement of medical records on dosage ranged from 68 to 70 percent across two sites. Approximately 14 percent of drug records at one location and 21 percent of records at the other had nonmatching dosage information, probably reflecting dosage changes noted on the medical record but not reflected on pharmacy records. CONCLUSIONS: In the sites studied, dispensed prescription records reasonably reflect chart drug entries for drug name, but not necessarily dosage.

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