scholarly journals A Low-Carbohydrate Diet Improves Glucose Metabolism in Lean Insulinopenic Akita Mice Along With Sodium-Glucose Cotransporter 2 Inhibitor

2020 ◽  
Vol 11 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yukihiro Fujita ◽  
Kuralay K. Atageldiyeva ◽  
Yasutaka Takeda ◽  
Tsuyoshi Yanagimachi ◽  
Yuichi Makino ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Body Weight ◽  
Gene Expressions ◽  
Carbohydrate Diet ◽  
Glucose Levels ◽  
Low Carbohydrate Diet ◽  
Chronic Hyperglycemia ◽  
Islet Morphology ◽  
Sodium Glucose Cotransporter ◽  
Low Carbohydrate ◽  
Akita Mice

ObjectiveA low-carbohydrate diet (LC) can be beneficial to obese subjects with type2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM). Sodium-glucose cotransporter 2 inhibitor (SGLT2i) presents prompt glucose-lowering effects in subjects with T2DM. We investigated how LC and SGLT2i could similarly or differently influence on the metabolic changes, including glucose, lipid, and ketone metabolism in lean insulinopenic Akita mice. We also examined the impacts of the combination.MethodsMale Akita mice were fed ad libitum normal-carbohydrate diet (NC) as a control or low-carbohydrate diet (LC) as an intervention for 8 weeks with or without SGLT2i treatment. Body weight and casual bold glucose levels were monitored during the study, in addition to measuring TG, NEFA, and ketone levels. We quantified gene expressions involved in gluconeogenesis, lipid metabolism and ketogenesis in the liver and the kidney. We also investigated the immunostaining analysis of pancreatic islets to assess the effect of islet protection.ResultsBoth LC and SGLT2i treatment reduced chronic hyperglycemia. Moreover, the combination therapy additionally ameliorated glycemic levels and preserved the islet morphology in part. LC but not SGLT2i increased body weight accompanied by epididymal fat accumulation. In contrast, SGLT2i, not LC potentiated four-fold ketone production with higher ketogenic gene expression, in comparison with the non-treated Akita mice. Besides, the combination did not enhance further ketone production compared to the SGLT2i alone.ConclusionsOur results indicated that both LC and SGLT2i reduced chronic hyperglycemia, and the combination presented synergistic favorable effects concomitantly with amelioration of islet morphology, while the combination did not enhance further ketosis in Akita mice.

scholarly journals Differential effects of sodium-glucose cotransporter 2 inhibitor and low-carbohydrate diet on body composition and metabolic profile in obese diabetic db/db mice

2020 ◽  
Vol 8 (1) ◽  
pp. e001303
Author(s):  
Toru Kusakabe ◽  
Shigefumi Yokota ◽  
Mika Shimizu ◽  
Takayuki Inoue ◽  
Masashi Tanaka ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Type 2 Diabetes ◽  
Body Composition ◽  
Metabolic Profile ◽  
The Body ◽  
Carbohydrate Diet ◽  
Glucose Levels ◽  
Low Carbohydrate Diet ◽  
Sodium Glucose Cotransporter ◽  
Low Carbohydrate

IntroductionTreatment using sodium-glucose cotransporter (SGLT) 2 inhibitor and low-carbohydrate diet (LCD) for obesity and type 2 diabetes are similar in terms of carbohydrate limitation. However, their mechanisms of action differ, and the effects on the body remain unclear. We investigated the effects of SGLT2 inhibitor and LCD on body composition and metabolic profile using the db/db mouse model for obesity and type 2 diabetes.Research design and methodsEight-week-old male db/db mice were divided into four groups: mice receiving normal diet and vehicle or canagliflozin (Cana) administration and mice receiving LCD and vehicle or Cana administration for 8 weeks. Consumed calories were adjusted to be equal among the groups.ResultsBoth Cana administration and LCD feeding resulted in significant weight gain. Cana administration significantly decreased plasma glucose levels and increased plasma insulin levels with preservation of pancreatic β cells. However, LCD feeding did not improve plasma glucose levels but deteriorated insulin sensitivity. LCD feeding significantly reduced liver weight and hepatic triglyceride content; these effects were not observed with Cana administration. Combined treatment with LCD did not lead to an additive increase in blood β-ketone levels.ConclusionsSGLT2 inhibitors and LCD exert differential effects on the body. Their combined use may achieve better metabolic improvements in obesity and type 2 diabetes.

scholarly journals Alternate Day Fasting Combined with a High Protein/low Carbohydrate Diet: Effect on Body Weight and Metabolic Disease Risk Factors in Obese Adults (P21-018-19)

2019 ◽  
Vol 3 (Supplement_1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Faiza Kalam ◽  
Kelsey Gabel ◽  
Eric Wiseman ◽  
Krista Varady
Keyword(s):  
Blood Pressure ◽  
Body Weight ◽  
Fat Mass ◽  
Disease Risk ◽  
High Protein ◽  
Obese Adults ◽  
Carbohydrate Diet ◽  
Low Carbohydrate Diet ◽  
Low Carbohydrate ◽  
Alternate Day Fasting

Abstract Objectives This pilot study is the first to examine the impact of alternate day fasting (ADF) combined with a high protein/low carbohydrate diet on body weight and metabolic disease risk factors in obese adults. Methods Obese adults (n = 10) followed an ADF diet (600 kcal fast day alternated with an ad libitum feast day; 35% protein, 22% carbohydrate, 43% fat) for 6 months. Meal replacements were consumed on the fast and feast days, in addition to regular foods, to help attain macronutrient targets. Results Body weight decreased (P < 0.001) by 8.4 ± 1.7 kg (8.6 ± 1.7%) after 6 months. Fat mass and visceral fat mass were reduced (P < 0.05) by 6.4 ± 1.6 kg and 0.2 ± 0.1 kg, respectively. Lean mass decreased (P < 0.05) by 1.3 ± 0.6 kg. Systolic blood pressure was reduced (P < 0.05) by 10 ± 3 mm Hg, and diastolic blood pressure was reduced (P < 0.05) by 6 ± 3 mm Hg. Fasting glucose, insulin, insulin resistance, and HbA1c remained unchanged after 6 months of diet. LDL cholesterol and triglyceride levels decreased (P < 0.001) by10 ± 4% and 15 ± 8%, respectively, after 6 months. HDL cholesterol levels decreased by 6 ± 3% from baseline to post-treatment. Conclusions These preliminary findings suggest that ADF combined with a high protein/low carbohydrate diet is effective for lowering body weight, visceral fat mass, blood pressure, LDL cholesterol and triglyceride levels. However, this diet has no effect on glucoregulatory factors. While these preliminary findings are promising, they still require confirmation by a larger-scale clinical trial. Funding Sources Nestle Health Sciences Grant.

scholarly journals Case of ketoacidosis by a sodium‐glucose cotransporter 2 inhibitor in a diabetic patient with a low‐carbohydrate diet

2015 ◽  
Vol 6 (5) ◽  
pp. 587-590 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tomohide Hayami ◽  
Yoshiro Kato ◽  
Hideki Kamiya ◽  
Masaki Kondo ◽  
Ena Naito ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Diabetic Patient ◽  
Carbohydrate Diet ◽  
Low Carbohydrate Diet ◽  
Sodium Glucose Cotransporter ◽  
Low Carbohydrate

Introducing a very low carbohydrate diet for a child with type 1 diabetes

2019 ◽  
Vol 28 (15) ◽  
pp. 1015-1019
Author(s):  
Caroline de Souza Bosco Paiva ◽  
Maria Helena Melo Lima
Keyword(s):  
Type 1 Diabetes ◽  
Blood Glucose ◽  
Glycated Haemoglobin ◽  
Healthy Weight ◽  
Carbohydrate Diet ◽  
Glucose Levels ◽  
Low Carbohydrate Diet ◽  
Low Carbohydrate ◽  
Continuous Glucose Monitors

Type 1 diabetes mellitus is a serious autoimmune disease for which no cure is available. The treatment includes insulin therapy, carbohydrate counting, eating healthy foods, exercising regularly, and maintaining a healthy weight. The goal is to keep blood glucose levels close to normal most of the time to delay or prevent complications. Despite the increase in the use of insulin pumps and continuous glucose monitors in recent years, the management of type 1 diabetes remains suboptimal in terms of glycaemic control and normal glycated haemoglobin (HbA1c) level. This article discusses the case of a child with type 1 diabetes who was successfully treated with a very low-carbohydrate diet, resulting in normal levels of HbA1c and normal blood glucose 95% of the time in a range of 70–180 mg/dL (4.0 mmol/L−10 mmol/L). Therefore, further studies are needed to verify how a very low carbohydrate diet impacts child development.

Association between postpartum low-carbohydrate-diet scores and glucose levels in Chinese women

Nutrition ◽  
2021 ◽  
pp. 111305
Author(s):  
Nu Tang ◽  
Yang Wu ◽  
Yajun Chen ◽  
Qian Chen ◽  
Weijia Wu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Chinese Women ◽  
Carbohydrate Diet ◽  
Glucose Levels ◽  
Low Carbohydrate Diet ◽  
Low Carbohydrate

scholarly journals A Low-Carbohydrate Diet Realizes Medication Withdrawal: A Possible Opportunity for Effective Glycemic Control

2021 ◽  
Vol 12 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yuxin Han ◽  
Bingfei Cheng ◽  
Yanjun Guo ◽  
Qing Wang ◽  
Nailong Yang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Body Weight ◽  
Blood Glucose ◽  
Glycemic Control ◽  
Lipid Lowering ◽  
Chinese Government ◽  
Carbohydrate Diet ◽  
Low Carbohydrate Diet ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Low Carbohydrate ◽  
Lipid Lowering Agents

ObjectiveMultiple studies have confirmed that diet restrictions can effectively realize glycemic control and reduce metabolic risks in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM). In 2018, the American Diabetes Association (ADA) and European Association for the Study of Diabetes (EASD) stated that individuals can select a low-carbohydrate diet (LCD) according to their needs and preferences. Owing to the influence of Chinese traditional eating habits, only a small portion of patients in China have achieved their blood glucose goals. As a result, the Chinese government will incur huge expenditures.MethodThis study recruited 134 T2DM participants and randomly assigned them to the LCD group (n = 67) or the low-fat diet (LFD) group (n = 67). All of the patients had a fixed amount of exercise and were guided by clinicians. After a period of dietary washout, all of the patients received corresponding dietary education according to group. The follow-up time was 6 months. The indicators for anthropometry, glycemic control, and medication application parameters were collected and compared between the two groups.ResultsThere were 121 participants who finally entered the study. The proportions of calories from three major nutrients the participants consumed met the requirements of LCD and LFD. Compared with baseline, the pre-postdifferences of body weight, BMI, and several other indicators were significant except for dosages of insulin used in the LCD group and MES in the LFD group. After the intervention, body weight, body weight index (BMI), fasting blood glucose (FBG), postprandial 2-h blood glucose (PPG), and glycosylated hemoglobin (HbA1c) levels in the LCD group decreased significantly (p &lt; 0.05) compared with the LFD group. The number of patients using lipid-lowering agents was significant higher in the LCD group and lower in the LFD group. However, there was no significant difference between the two groups for antihypertensive, hormone-replacement, and other agents.ConclusionsThe LCD diet can decrease body weight, glycemic levels, MES, and lipid-lowering agents more than the LFD diet, thus decreasing cost burden in Chinese patients with T2DM. Strict diet control and monitoring are the keys to managing diabetes.

Current topics of theory and practice for low carbohydrate diet (LCD) in diabetic patients

2020 ◽  
Vol 8 (3) ◽  
pp. 55-57
Author(s):  
Hiroshi BANDO
Keyword(s):  
Energy Production ◽  
Tca Cycle ◽  
Tricarboxylic Acid ◽  
Theory And Practice ◽  
Diabetic Patients ◽  
Carbohydrate Diet ◽  
Low Carbohydrate Diet ◽  
Content Ratio ◽  
Sodium Glucose Cotransporter ◽  
Low Carbohydrate

Both humans and animals generate energy by tricarboxylic acid (TCA) cycle from carbohydrates, fats and proteins. Among them, carbohydrates axis seemed to be the main route for energy production so far. In the case of diabetes, however, the restraint of glucose metabolism would be beneficial by low carbohydrate diet (LCD) or newly-introduced oral hyperglycemic agent (OHA), Sodium-Glucose Cotransporter 2 Inhibitors (SGLT2i). Author and colleagues have developed LCD movement by Japan LCD promotion association (JLCDPA). Our lectures include useful and practical 3 LCD meals, which are petite-LCD, standard-LCD and super-LCD with carbohydrate content ratio as 40%, 26% and 12%, respectively.

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