Current topics of theory and practice for low carbohydrate diet (LCD) in diabetic patients

2020 ◽  
Vol 8 (3) ◽  
pp. 55-57
Author(s):  
Hiroshi BANDO
Keyword(s):  
Energy Production ◽  
Tca Cycle ◽  
Tricarboxylic Acid ◽  
Theory And Practice ◽  
Diabetic Patients ◽  
Carbohydrate Diet ◽  
Low Carbohydrate Diet ◽  
Content Ratio ◽  
Sodium Glucose Cotransporter ◽  
Low Carbohydrate

Both humans and animals generate energy by tricarboxylic acid (TCA) cycle from carbohydrates, fats and proteins. Among them, carbohydrates axis seemed to be the main route for energy production so far. In the case of diabetes, however, the restraint of glucose metabolism would be beneficial by low carbohydrate diet (LCD) or newly-introduced oral hyperglycemic agent (OHA), Sodium-Glucose Cotransporter 2 Inhibitors (SGLT2i). Author and colleagues have developed LCD movement by Japan LCD promotion association (JLCDPA). Our lectures include useful and practical 3 LCD meals, which are petite-LCD, standard-LCD and super-LCD with carbohydrate content ratio as 40%, 26% and 12%, respectively.

scholarly journals Differential effects of sodium-glucose cotransporter 2 inhibitor and low-carbohydrate diet on body composition and metabolic profile in obese diabetic db/db mice

2020 ◽  
Vol 8 (1) ◽  
pp. e001303
Author(s):  
Toru Kusakabe ◽  
Shigefumi Yokota ◽  
Mika Shimizu ◽  
Takayuki Inoue ◽  
Masashi Tanaka ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Type 2 Diabetes ◽  
Body Composition ◽  
Metabolic Profile ◽  
The Body ◽  
Carbohydrate Diet ◽  
Glucose Levels ◽  
Low Carbohydrate Diet ◽  
Sodium Glucose Cotransporter ◽  
Low Carbohydrate

IntroductionTreatment using sodium-glucose cotransporter (SGLT) 2 inhibitor and low-carbohydrate diet (LCD) for obesity and type 2 diabetes are similar in terms of carbohydrate limitation. However, their mechanisms of action differ, and the effects on the body remain unclear. We investigated the effects of SGLT2 inhibitor and LCD on body composition and metabolic profile using the db/db mouse model for obesity and type 2 diabetes.Research design and methodsEight-week-old male db/db mice were divided into four groups: mice receiving normal diet and vehicle or canagliflozin (Cana) administration and mice receiving LCD and vehicle or Cana administration for 8 weeks. Consumed calories were adjusted to be equal among the groups.ResultsBoth Cana administration and LCD feeding resulted in significant weight gain. Cana administration significantly decreased plasma glucose levels and increased plasma insulin levels with preservation of pancreatic β cells. However, LCD feeding did not improve plasma glucose levels but deteriorated insulin sensitivity. LCD feeding significantly reduced liver weight and hepatic triglyceride content; these effects were not observed with Cana administration. Combined treatment with LCD did not lead to an additive increase in blood β-ketone levels.ConclusionsSGLT2 inhibitors and LCD exert differential effects on the body. Their combined use may achieve better metabolic improvements in obesity and type 2 diabetes.

scholarly journals Case of ketoacidosis by a sodium‐glucose cotransporter 2 inhibitor in a diabetic patient with a low‐carbohydrate diet

2015 ◽  
Vol 6 (5) ◽  
pp. 587-590 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tomohide Hayami ◽  
Yoshiro Kato ◽  
Hideki Kamiya ◽  
Masaki Kondo ◽  
Ena Naito ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Diabetic Patient ◽  
Carbohydrate Diet ◽  
Low Carbohydrate Diet ◽  
Sodium Glucose Cotransporter ◽  
Low Carbohydrate

scholarly journals A Low-Carbohydrate Diet Improves Glucose Metabolism in Lean Insulinopenic Akita Mice Along With Sodium-Glucose Cotransporter 2 Inhibitor

2020 ◽  
Vol 11 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yukihiro Fujita ◽  
Kuralay K. Atageldiyeva ◽  
Yasutaka Takeda ◽  
Tsuyoshi Yanagimachi ◽  
Yuichi Makino ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Body Weight ◽  
Gene Expressions ◽  
Carbohydrate Diet ◽  
Glucose Levels ◽  
Low Carbohydrate Diet ◽  
Chronic Hyperglycemia ◽  
Islet Morphology ◽  
Sodium Glucose Cotransporter ◽  
Low Carbohydrate ◽  
Akita Mice

ObjectiveA low-carbohydrate diet (LC) can be beneficial to obese subjects with type2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM). Sodium-glucose cotransporter 2 inhibitor (SGLT2i) presents prompt glucose-lowering effects in subjects with T2DM. We investigated how LC and SGLT2i could similarly or differently influence on the metabolic changes, including glucose, lipid, and ketone metabolism in lean insulinopenic Akita mice. We also examined the impacts of the combination.MethodsMale Akita mice were fed ad libitum normal-carbohydrate diet (NC) as a control or low-carbohydrate diet (LC) as an intervention for 8 weeks with or without SGLT2i treatment. Body weight and casual bold glucose levels were monitored during the study, in addition to measuring TG, NEFA, and ketone levels. We quantified gene expressions involved in gluconeogenesis, lipid metabolism and ketogenesis in the liver and the kidney. We also investigated the immunostaining analysis of pancreatic islets to assess the effect of islet protection.ResultsBoth LC and SGLT2i treatment reduced chronic hyperglycemia. Moreover, the combination therapy additionally ameliorated glycemic levels and preserved the islet morphology in part. LC but not SGLT2i increased body weight accompanied by epididymal fat accumulation. In contrast, SGLT2i, not LC potentiated four-fold ketone production with higher ketogenic gene expression, in comparison with the non-treated Akita mice. Besides, the combination did not enhance further ketone production compared to the SGLT2i alone.ConclusionsOur results indicated that both LC and SGLT2i reduced chronic hyperglycemia, and the combination presented synergistic favorable effects concomitantly with amelioration of islet morphology, while the combination did not enhance further ketosis in Akita mice.

scholarly journals Implementation and evaluation of a weight-reduction programme for diabetic patients at a primary health care facility in the Western Cape: a pilot study

2017 ◽  
Vol 59 (2) ◽  
pp. 34
Author(s):  
Adil Razak ◽  
Abdul Aziez Isaacs
Keyword(s):  
Weight Loss ◽  
Weight Reduction ◽  
Health Centre ◽  
Diet Group ◽  
Diabetic Patients ◽  
Low Fat ◽  
Carbohydrate Diet ◽  
Low Carbohydrate Diet ◽  
Low Fat Diet ◽  
Low Carbohydrate

Background: Diabetes is a common non-communicable disease and complications are resulting in increased disability, reduced life expectancy and enormous health costs for virtually every society. Medical Nutrition Therapy is important for the prevention, treatment, and self-management of diabetes, and the prevention or delay in onset of diabetes-related complications. The current nutritional guidelines for diabetes state that carbohydrates should comprise 45–60% of the total nutritional intake and that lowcarbohydrate or high-protein diets offer no long-term success over healthy eating plans. Recent studies suggest that there may be merit in using low-carbohydrate diets in diabetic patients for weight reduction and improved cardiovascular markers. This study aimed to implement and evaluate a pilot programme for weight loss in diabetes mellitus type 2 patients by comparing a low-carbohydrate diet with the conventional low-fat diet. Methods: The study design was that of a two-group parallel design, with one group following a low-fat diet and the other a low-carbohydrate diet. Diabetic patients attending the Mitchell’s Plain Community Health Centre in Cape Town were recruited, with 10 participants in each group. Both groups received similar advice on exercise and behaviour change. Changes in weight, waist circumference, blood pressure and blood parameters (creatinine, lipids and HbA1c) were recorded at baseline and again after 12 weeks. Results: There were reductions in weight (1.85 kg vs. 0.1 kg gain) and HbA1c (1.72 vs. 0.32) in the low-carbohydrate diet group when compared with the low-fat diet group. No significant change was seen in other parameters including BP, total cholesterol and serum creatinine for either group. Conclusion: Low-carbohydrate diets may be effective in promoting weight loss and improving glucose control in diabetic patients. Implementation of this programme would require a paradigm shift for staff and further studies to assess its acceptability for patients. (Full text of the research articles are available online at www.medpharm.tandfonline.com/ojfp) S Afr Fam Pract 2017; DOI: 10.1080/20786190.2017.1329490

scholarly journals Effect of Low Carbohydrate Diet on Type 2 Diabetic Patients and Usefulness of M-Value

2017 ◽  
Vol 3 (1) ◽  
pp. 9-16 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hiroshi Bando ◽  
◽  
Koji Ebe ◽  
Tetsuo Muneta ◽  
Masahiro Bando ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Diabetic Patients ◽  
Type 2 Diabetic Patients ◽  
Carbohydrate Diet ◽  
Low Carbohydrate Diet ◽  
Low Carbohydrate ◽  
Type 2 Diabetic

Fatty acid oxidation modulates the eating response to the fructose analogue 2,5-anhydro-D-mannitol

1996 ◽  
Vol 271 (1) ◽  
pp. R144-R148 ◽  
Author(s):  
N. E. Rawson ◽  
P. M. Ulrich ◽  
M. I. Friedman
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acid ◽  
Fatty Acid Oxidation ◽  
Energy Production ◽  
Liver Glycogen ◽  
Acid Oxidation ◽  
Long Chain Fatty Acids ◽  
Carbohydrate Diet ◽  
Low Carbohydrate Diet ◽  
Hepatic Energy Metabolism ◽  
Low Carbohydrate

The fructose analogue 2,5-anhydro-D-mannitol (2,5-AM) stimulates feeding behavior in rats apparently through its effects on hepatic energy metabolism, where it reduces glucose utilization, traps phosphate, and decreases ATP. The extent to which the magnitude and duration of the eating response are dependent on the ability of the liver to switch to fat oxidation for energy production was investigated by manipulating substrate availability through dietary and pharmacological means. Rats adapted to a high-fat, low-carbohydrate diet preferentially use fat fuels for hepatic energy production and were insensitive to the effects of 2,5-AM on food intake. The lack of an eating response occurred despite similar changes in plasma fuels and liver glycogen compared with rats fed a low-fat, high-carbohydrate diet. In contrast, inhibiting fatty acid oxidation with methyl palmoxirate, which blocks transport of long-chain fatty acids to the mitochondria, potentiated the ability of 2,5-AM to stimulate feeding without altering its effects on plasma and liver fuels. These data demonstrate that the eating response to 2,5-AM is modulated by the availability of fat fuels and implicate a mechanism for initiation of feeding that is not dependent on inhibition of carbohydrate metabolism per se but rather integrates information about the use of both types of fuels.

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