scholarly journals Effects of Sleeve Gastrectomy on Fecal Gut Microbiota and Short-Chain Fatty Acid Content in a Rat Model of Polycystic Ovary Syndrome

2021 ◽  
Vol 12 ◽  
Author(s):  
Wei Lin ◽  
Lingying Wen ◽  
Junping Wen ◽  
Guangda Xiang
Keyword(s):  
Sleeve Gastrectomy ◽  
Fatty Acid ◽  
Polycystic Ovary Syndrome ◽  
Gut Microbiota ◽  
Rat Model ◽  
Short Chain Fatty Acid ◽  
Polycystic Ovary ◽  
Chain Fatty Acid ◽  
Short Chain ◽  
Ovary Syndrome

PurposeSleeve gastrectomy (SG) is a surgical intervention for polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS), especially for patients with obesity. Here, we explored the effects of SG on the gut microbiota of rats with PCOS and investigated the association between the intestinal flora and efficacy of SG in PCOS.MethodsDehydroepiandrosterone (DHEA) injection was administered alone and in combination with a high-fat diet to induce PCOS in rats. SG was performed in rats with PCOS, and the effects of SG on the fecal and gut microbiota and the short-chain fatty acid (SCFA) content were observed. Furthermore, the association among gut microbiota, SCFA content and hyperandrogenism or other hallmarks of PCOS was evaluated.ResultsThe abundance of Firmicutes reduced and that of Bacteroidetes increased in response to SG in the DHEA-induced PCOS rat model. At the genus level, the abundances of Bacteroides and Blautia increased and those of Ruminococcus, Clostridium, and Alistipes reduced distinctly in the PCOS-SG groups. Moreover, the levels of fecal SCFAs, especially butyric acid, reduced after SG. SG significantly ameliorated PCOS-related symptoms such as hyperandrogenism, disrupted ovary function, and impaired glucose tolerance. Bacteroides and Blautia exhibited a negative correlation and Ruminococcus, Clostridium, and Alistipes exhibited a positive correlation with the levels of fecal SCFAs, luteinizing hormone, testosterone, and inflammatory factors.ConclusionsThe amelioration of PCOS-related reproductive and metabolic disorders following SG was associated with the regulation of microbial taxa and SCFA content. Our findings provide a novel perspective on the microbial mechanisms in PCOS after SG.

scholarly journals A Dietary Medium-Chain Fatty Acid, Decanoic Acid, Inhibits Recruitment of Nur77 to the HSD3B2 Promoter In Vitro and Reverses Endocrine and Metabolic Abnormalities in a Rat Model of Polycystic Ovary Syndrome

Endocrinology ◽  
2016 ◽  
Vol 157 (1) ◽  
pp. 382-394 ◽  
Author(s):  
Bao Hui Lee ◽  
Inthrani Raja Indran ◽  
Huey Min Tan ◽  
Yu Li ◽  
Zhiwei Zhang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Insulin Resistance ◽  
Fatty Acid ◽  
Polycystic Ovary Syndrome ◽  
Rat Model ◽  
Polycystic Ovary ◽  
Decanoic Acid ◽  
Chain Fatty Acid ◽  
Metabolic Abnormalities ◽  
Ovary Syndrome

Abstract Hyperandrogenism is the central feature of polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS). Due to the intricate relationship between hyperandrogenism and insulin resistance in PCOS, 50%–70% of these patients also present with hyperinsulinemia. Metformin, an insulin sensitizer, has been used to reduce insulin resistance and improve fertility in women with PCOS. In previous work, we have noted that a dietary medium-chain fatty acid, decanoic acid (DA), improves glucose tolerance and lipid profile in a mouse model of diabetes. Here, we report for the first time that DA, like metformin, inhibits androgen biosynthesis in NCI-H295R steroidogenic cells by regulating the enzyme 3β-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase/Δ5-Δ4-isomerase type 2 (HSD3B2). The inhibitory effect on HSD3B2 and androgen production required cAMP stimulation, suggesting a mechanistic action via the cAMP-stimulated pathway. Specifically, both DA and metformin reduced cAMP-enhanced recruitment of the orphan nuclear receptor Nur77 to the HSD3B2 promoter, coupled with decreased transcription and protein expression of HSD3B2. In a letrozole-induced PCOS rat model, treatment with DA or metformin reduced serum-free testosterone, lowered fasting insulin, and restored estrous cyclicity. In addition, DA treatment lowered serum total testosterone and decreased HSD3B2 protein expression in the adrenals and ovaries. We conclude that DA inhibits androgen biosynthesis via mechanisms resulting in the suppression of HSD3B2 expression, an effect consistently observed both in vitro and in vivo. The efficacy of DA in reversing the endocrine and metabolic abnormalities of the letrozole-induced PCOS rat model are promising, raising the possibility that diets including DA could be beneficial for the management of both hyperandrogenism and insulin resistance in PCOS.

scholarly journals The use of disinfectant in barn cleaning alters microbial composition and increases carriage of Campylobacter jejuni in broiler chickens

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yi Fan ◽  
Andrew Forgie ◽  
Tingting Ju ◽  
Camila Marcolla ◽  
Tom Inglis ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acid ◽  
Gut Microbiota ◽  
Campylobacter Jejuni ◽  
Broiler Chicken ◽  
Short Chain Fatty Acid ◽  
Chain Fatty Acid ◽  
Short Chain ◽  
Microbial Composition ◽  
Commercial Chicken ◽  
Cecal Microbiota

To maintain food safety and flock health in broiler chicken production, biosecurity approaches to keep chicken barns free of pathogens are important. Canadian broiler chicken producers must deep clean their barns with chemical disinfectants at least once annually (full disinfection; FD) and may wash with water (water-wash; WW) throughout the year. However, many producers use FD after each flock, assuming a greater efficacy of more stringent cleaning protocols, although little information is known regarding how these two cleaning practices affect pathogen population and gut microbiota. In the current study, a cross-over experiment over four production cycles was conducted in seven commercial chicken barns to compare WW and FD. We evaluated the effects of barn cleaning method on the commercial broiler performance, cecal microbiota composition, pathogen occurrence and abundance, as well as short-chain fatty acid concentrations in the month-old broiler gut. The 30-day body weight and mortality rate were not affected by the barn cleaning methods. The WW resulted in a modest but significant effect on the structure of broiler cecal microbiota (weighted-UniFrac; adonis p = 0.05, and unweighted-UniFrac; adonis p = 0.01), with notable reductions in Campylobacter jejuni occurrence and abundance. In addition, the WW group had increased cecal acetate, butyrate and total short-chain fatty acid concentrations, which were negatively correlated with C. jejuni abundance. Our results support the use of WW over FD to enhance the activity of the gut microbiota and potentially reduce zoonotic transmission of C. jejuni in broiler production without previous disease challenges.

scholarly journals Effect of a high-collagen peptide diet on the gut microbiota and short-chain fatty acid metabolism

2020 ◽  
Vol 75 ◽  
pp. 104278
Author(s):  
Fengfeng Mei ◽  
Zhouwei Duan ◽  
Muxue Chen ◽  
Jinfeng Lu ◽  
Meihui Zhao ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acid ◽  
Gut Microbiota ◽  
Fatty Acid Metabolism ◽  
Short Chain Fatty Acid ◽  
Acid Metabolism ◽  
Chain Fatty Acid ◽  
Short Chain ◽  
Collagen Peptide

scholarly journals Herbs and Spices Modulate Gut Microbiota Composition: A Randomized, Crossover, Controlled-Feeding Study

2021 ◽  
Vol 5 (Supplement_2) ◽  
pp. 360-360
Author(s):  
Kristina Petersen ◽  
Penny Kris-Etherton ◽  
Samantha Anderson ◽  
Jeremy Chen See ◽  
Connie Rogers ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acid ◽  
Gut Microbiota ◽  
Short Chain Fatty Acid ◽  
Chain Fatty Acid ◽  
Short Chain ◽  
Medical Institute ◽  
Microbiota Composition ◽  
Feeding Study ◽  
Gut Microbiota Composition ◽  
Herbs And Spices

Abstract Objectives The effect of culinary doses of herbs and spices, consumed as part of a well-defined dietary pattern, on gut microbiota composition has not been previously studied. The aim of this study was to examine gut microbial composition following an average American diet (carbohydrate: 50% kcal; protein: 17%; total fat: 33%; saturated fat: 11%; sodium: 3000 mg/d) containing herbs and spices at 0.5 (Low Spice Diet; LSD), 3.3 (Moderate Spice Diet; MSD) and 6.6 (High Spice Diet; HSD) g/day/2100 kcal in adults at-risk for cardiovascular disease (CVD). Methods Fifty-four adults (57% female; 45 ± 11 years, BMI 29.8 ± 2.9 kg/m2; waist circumference 102.8 ± 7.1 cm) were included in this three-period, randomized, crossover, controlled-feeding study. Each diet was provided for 4-weeks with a minimum 2-week wash-out period. At baseline and the end of each diet period subjects provided a fecal sample for 16S rRNA gene sequencing. QIIME2 was used for data filtration, sequence clustering, taxonomy assignment and statistical analysis. Linear discriminant analysis Effect Size (LEfSe) analyses were used to determine enriched biomarker taxa following each diet. Results No between-diet differences in alpha diversity were observed based on Faith's Phylogenetic Diversity, Observed Operational Taxonomic Units (OTUs), and Pielou's Evenness (Kruskal-Walllis, P > 0.05). Principal coordinate analysis showed beta-diversity following the HSD significantly differed from baseline (PERMANOVA, P = 0.030). LEfSe pairwise analyses identified multiple taxa that were differentially abundant following the spice-containing diets vs. baseline. Compared to baseline, 34 taxa were enriched with the HSD, 22 taxa were enriched with the MSD and 20 taxa were enriched with the LSD. Members of the taxa enriched with the HSD are known short-chain fatty acid producers (Faecalibacterium and Butyricimonas). Conclusions The addition of herbs and spices at 0.5, 3.3, and 6.6 g/day/2100 kcal to an average American diet altered gut microbiota composition, and resulted in enrichment of short-chain fatty acid producers, after 4-weeks in adults at elevated risk for CVD. Funding Sources McCormick Science Institute; NCATS NIH (1UL1TR002014–01); Grant from the Howard Hughes Medical Institute through the Precollege and Undergraduate Science Education Program to Juniata College supported the computational research.

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