scholarly journals Rotary Adsorption: Selective Recycling of CO2 in Combined Cycle Gas Turbine Power Plants

2020 ◽  
Vol 8 ◽  
Author(s):  
Laura Herraiz ◽  
Erika Palfi ◽  
Eva Sánchez Fernández ◽  
Mathieu Lucquiaud
Keyword(s):  
Activated Carbon ◽  
Pressure Drop ◽  
Gas Turbine ◽  
Power Plants ◽  
Ambient Pressure ◽  
Ambient Air ◽  
Combined Cycle ◽  
Flue Gases ◽  
Design Assessment ◽  
Exponential Factor

A conceptual design assessment shows that the use of structured adsorbents in a regenerative adsorption wheel is technically feasible for the application of selective exhaust gas recirculation (SEGR) in combined cycle gas turbine (CCGT) power plants. As the adsorber rotates, CO2 is selectively transferred from a flue gas stream to an ambient air stream fed to the gas turbine compressor, increasing the CO2 concentration and reducing the flow rate of the fraction of the flue gases treated in a post-combustion CO2 capture system. It imposes an estimated pressure drop of 0.25 kPa, unlike a pressure drop of 10 kPa reported for selective CO2 membrane systems, preventing a significant derating of the gas turbine. An equilibrium model of a rotary adsorber with commercially available activated carbon evaluates the inventory of the adsorbent and sizes the wheel rotor. Two rotary wheels of 24 m diameter and 2 m length are required per gas turbine—heat recovery steam generator train to achieve an overall CO2 capture level of 90% in a CCGT power plant (ca. 820 MWe) with SEGR “in parallel” to the capture plant. Two to five rotary wheels are required for a configuration with SEGR “in series” to the capture plant. A reduction of 50% in the mass of the adsorbent would be possible with Zeolite 13X instead of activated carbon, yet the hydrophilicity of zeolites are detrimental to the capacity and upstream dehydration of the flue gases is required. A parametric analysis of the equilibrium properties provides guidelines for adsorbent development. It suggests the importance of balancing the affinity for CO2 to allow the regeneration of the adsorbent with air at near ambient pressure and temperature, to minimise the inventory of the adsorbent within practical limits. An adsorbent with a saturation capacity of 8 mol/kg, a heat of adsorption from 24 to 28 kJ/mol CO2 and a pre-exponential factor of the equilibrium constant from 2 × 10–6 to 9 × 10–6 kPa−1 would result in an inventory below 200 kg, i.e., approximately the limit for the use of a single rotary wheel system.

Technical Evaluation and Applications of Heat Recovery From Simple Cycle Gas Turbine Exhaust Systems

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Bouria Faqihi ◽  
Fadi A. Ghaith
Keyword(s):  
Pressure Drop ◽  
Gas Turbine ◽  
Heat Recovery ◽  
Power Plants ◽  
Thermal Power ◽  
Combined Cycle ◽  
Heat Extraction ◽  
Simple Cycle ◽  
System Pressure ◽  
Exhaust Heat

Abstract In the Gulf Cooperation Council region, approximately 70% of the thermal power plants are in a simple cycle configuration while only 30% are in combined cycle. This high simple to combined cycle ratio makes it of a particular interest for original equipment manufacturers to offer exhaust heat recovery upgrades to enhance the thermal efficiency of simple cycle power plants. This paper aims to evaluate the potential of incorporating costly-effective new developed heat recovery methods, rather than the complex products which are commonly available in the market, with relevant high cost such as heat recovery steam generators. In this work, the utilization of extracted heat was categorized into three implementation zones: use within the gas turbine flange-to-flange section, auxiliary systems and outside the gas turbine system in the power plant. A new methodology was established to enable qualitative and comparative analyses of the system performance of two heat extraction inventions according to the criteria of effectiveness, safety and risk and the pressure drop in the exhaust. Based on the conducted analyses, an integrated heat recovery system was proposed. The new system incorporates a circular duct heat exchanger to extract the heat from the exhaust stack and deliver the intermediary heat transfer fluid to a separate fuel gas exchanger. This system showed superiority in improving the thermodynamic cycle efficiency, while mitigating safety risks and avoiding undesired exhaust system pressure drop.

Cogenerative Below Ambient Gas Turbine (BAGT) Performance With Variable Thermal Power

2005 ◽  
Vol 127 (3) ◽  
pp. 592-598 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. Bianchi ◽  
G. Negri di Montenegro ◽  
A. Peretto
Keyword(s):  
Power Generation ◽  
Electric Power ◽  
Gas Turbine ◽  
Power Plants ◽  
Ambient Pressure ◽  
Thermal Power ◽  
Combined Cycle ◽  
Electric Power Generation ◽  
Pressure Discharge ◽  
Discharge Gas

The use of gas turbine and combined cycle power plants for thermal and electric power generation is, nowadays, a consolidated technology. Moreover, the employment of combined heat and power production, especially for low power requirements, is constantly increasing. In this scenario, below ambient pressure discharge gas turbine (BAGT) is an innovative and interesting application; the hot gases discharged from a gas turbine may be expanded below ambient pressure to obtain an increase in electric power generation. The gases are then cooled to supply heat to the thermal utility and finally recompressed to the ambient pressure. The power plant cogenerative performance depends on the heat and electric demand that usually varies during the year (for residential heating the heat to electric power ratio may range from 0.3 to 9). In this paper, the thermal load variation influence on the BAGT performance will be investigated and compared with those of gas turbine and combined cycle power plants.

An Innovative Inlet Air Cooling System for IGCC Power Augmentation: Part II—Thermodynamic Analysis

2012 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mirko Morini ◽  
Michele Pinelli ◽  
Pier Ruggero Spina
Keyword(s):  
Gas Turbine ◽  
Air Temperature ◽  
Power Plants ◽  
Cooling System ◽  
Ambient Air ◽  
Combined Cycle ◽  
Air Separation ◽  
Air Cooling ◽  
Separation Unit ◽  
Gasification Process

Integrated Gasification Combined Cycles (IGCCs) are energy systems mainly composed of a gasifier and a combined cycle power plant. Since the gasification process usually requires oxygen as the oxidant, the plant also has an Air Separation Unit (ASU). Moreover, a producer gas cleaner unit is always present between the gasifier and the gas turbine. Since these plants are based on gas-steam combined cycle power plants they suffer from a reduction in performance when ambient temperature increases. In this paper, an innovative system for power augmentation in IGCC plants is presented. The system is based on gas turbine inlet air cooling by means of liquid nitrogen spray. In fact, nitrogen is a product of the ASU, but is not always exploited. In the proposed plant, the nitrogen is first chilled and liquefied and then it can be used for inlet air cooling or stored for a postponed use. This system is not characterized by the limits of water evaporative cooling (where the lower temperature is limited by air saturation) and refrigeration cooling (where the effectiveness is limited by pressure drop in the heat exchanger). A thermodynamic model of the system is built by using a commercial code for the simulation of energy conversion systems. A sensitivity analysis on the main parameters (e.g. ambient air temperature, inlet air temperature difference, etc.) is presented. Finally the model is used to study the capabilities of the system by imposing the real temperature profiles of different sites for a whole year.

Cogenerative BAGT Performance With Variable Thermal Power

2002 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. Bianchi ◽  
G. Negri di Montenegro ◽  
A. Peretto
Keyword(s):  
Power Generation ◽  
Electric Power ◽  
Gas Turbine ◽  
Power Plants ◽  
Ambient Pressure ◽  
Thermal Power ◽  
Combined Cycle ◽  
Electric Power Generation ◽  
Pressure Discharge ◽  
Discharge Gas

The use of gas turbine and combined cycle power plants for thermal and electric power generation is, nowadays, a consolidated technology. Moreover the employment of combined heat and power production, especially for low power requirements, is constantly increasing. In this scenario, Below Ambient pressure discharge Gas Turbine (BAGT) is an innovative and interesting application; the hot gases discharged from a gas turbine may be expanded below ambient pressure to obtain an increase in electric power generation. The gases are then cooled to supply heat to the thermal utility and finally recompressed to the ambient pressure. The power plant cogenerative performance depends on the heat and electric demand that usually varies during the year (for residential heating the heat to electric power ratio may range from 0.3 to 9). In this paper, the thermal load variation influence on the BAGT performance will be investigated and compared with those of gas turbine and combined cycle power plants.

The Influence of Atmospheric Conditions on the Performance of Combined Cycle Gas Turbine Power Plants

2006 ◽  
Author(s):  
Manuel Valde´s ◽  
Antonio Rovira ◽  
Jose´ A. Ferna´ndez
Keyword(s):  
Gas Turbine ◽  
Heat Recovery ◽  
Power Plants ◽  
Ambient Pressure ◽  
Combined Cycle ◽  
Atmospheric Conditions ◽  
Heat Recovery Steam Generator ◽  
Ambient Conditions ◽  
Air Density ◽  
Waste Energy

This paper deals with the calculation of the ambient conditions influence on combined cycle gas turbine (CCGT) power and efficiency. The main parameters influencing the CCGT performances when ambient conditions change are the air density and the steam condenser pressure. An 800 MW CCGT is studied in order to obtain numerical results in a particular case. This power plant is analyzed working with different condenser cooling techniques (direct or indirect cooling with open or closed circuits) at both 100% and 50% load. The results show that power output drops by 0.60% to 0.65% are to be expected for every 1 °C rise in ambient temperature and by 0.13% to 0.14% for every 1 mbar decrease in ambient pressure. The efficiencies are affected to a lesser extent since some of the gas turbine waste energy is recovered in the heat recovery steam generator and the steam turbine power is almost constant.

Thermoeconomic optimization of combined cycle gas turbine power plants using genetic algorithms

2003 ◽  
Vol 23 (17) ◽  
pp. 2169-2182 ◽  
Author(s):  
Manuel Valdés ◽  
Ma Dolores Durán ◽  
Antonio Rovira
Keyword(s):  
Genetic Algorithms ◽  
Gas Turbine ◽  
Power Plants ◽  
Combined Cycle

Natural Gas Decarbonization to Reduce CO2 Emission From Combined Cycles—Part II: Steam-Methane Reforming

2000 ◽  
Vol 124 (1) ◽  
pp. 89-95 ◽  
Author(s):  
G. Lozza ◽  
P. Chiesa
Keyword(s):  
Natural Gas ◽  
Gas Turbine ◽  
Partial Oxidation ◽  
Power Plants ◽  
Combined Cycle ◽  
Performance Estimation ◽  
Thermodynamic Efficiency ◽  
Methane Reforming ◽  
Operating Pressure ◽  
Carbon Conversion

This paper discusses novel schemes of combined cycle, where natural gas is chemically treated to remove carbon, rather than being directly used as fuel. Carbon conversion to CO2 is achieved before gas turbine combustion. The first part of the paper discussed plant configurations based on natural gas partial oxidation to produce carbon monoxide, converted to carbon dioxide by shift reaction and therefore separated from the fuel gas. The second part will address methane reforming as a starting reaction to achieve the same goal. Plant configuration and performance differs from the previous case because reforming is endothermic and requires high temperature heat and low operating pressure to obtain an elevated carbon conversion. The performance estimation shows that the reformer configuration has a lower efficiency and power output than the systems addressed in Part I. To improve the results, a reheat gas turbine can be used, with different characteristics from commercial machines. The thermodynamic efficiency of the systems of the two papers is compared by an exergetic analysis. The economic performance of natural gas fired power plants including CO2 sequestration is therefore addressed, finding a superiority of the partial oxidation system with chemical absorption. The additional cost of the kWh, due to the ability of CO2 capturing, can be estimated at about 13–14 mill$/kWh.

scholarly journals Thermodynamic Analysis of Different Configurations of Combined Cycle Power Plants

2015 ◽  
Vol 5 (2) ◽  
pp. 89
Author(s):  
Munzer S. Y. Ebaid ◽  
Qusai Z. Al-hamdan
Keyword(s):  
Gas Turbine ◽  
Power Plants ◽  
Combined Cycle ◽  
Cycle Performance ◽  
Maximum Efficiency ◽  
Specific Work ◽  
Slight Effect ◽  
Turbine Engine ◽  
Gas Turbine Cycle ◽  
Cycle Efficiency

<p class="1Body">Several modifications have been made to the simple gas turbine cycle in order to increase its thermal efficiency but within the thermal and mechanical stress constrain, the efficiency still ranges between 38 and 42%. The concept of using combined cycle power or CPP plant would be more attractive in hot countries than the combined heat and power or CHP plant. The current work deals with the performance of different configurations of the gas turbine engine operating as a part of the combined cycle power plant. The results showed that the maximum CPP cycle efficiency would be at a point for which the gas turbine cycle would have neither its maximum efficiency nor its maximum specific work output. It has been shown that supplementary heating or gas turbine reheating would decrease the CPP cycle efficiency; hence, it could only be justified at low gas turbine inlet temperatures. Also it has been shown that although gas turbine intercooling would enhance the performance of the gas turbine cycle, it would have only a slight effect on the CPP cycle performance.</p>

scholarly journals Gas Turbine Heat Recovery Steam Generators for Combined Cycles Natural or Forced Circulation Considerations

1988 ◽  
Author(s):  
Akber Pasha
Keyword(s):  
Gas Turbine ◽  
Steam Generator ◽  
Heat Recovery ◽  
Power Plants ◽  
Natural Circulation ◽  
Combined Cycle ◽  
Heat Recovery Steam Generator ◽  
Steam Generators ◽  
Forced Circulation ◽  
Gas Turbine Exhaust

In recent years the combined cycle has become a very attractive power plant arrangement because of its high cycle efficiency, short order-to-on-line time and flexibility in the sizing when compared to conventional steam power plants. However, optimization of the cycle and selection of combined cycle equipment has become more complex because the three major components, Gas Turbine, Heat Recovery Steam Generator and Steam Turbine, are often designed and built by different manufacturers. Heat Recovery Steam Generators are classified into two major categories — 1) Natural Circulation and 2) Forced Circulation. Both circulation designs have certain advantages, disadvantages and limitations. This paper analyzes various factors including; availability, start-up, gas turbine exhaust conditions, reliability, space requirements, etc., which are affected by the type of circulation and which in turn affect the design, price and performance of the Heat Recovery Steam Generator. Modern trends around the world are discussed and conclusions are drawn as to the best type of circulation for a Heat Recovery Steam Generator for combined cycle application.

scholarly journals Thermo-economic comparative analysis of gas turbine GT10 integrated with air and steam bottoming cycle

2014 ◽  
Vol 35 (4) ◽  
pp. 83-95 ◽  
Author(s):  
Daniel Czaja ◽  
Tadeusz Chmielnak ◽  
Sebastian Lepszy
Keyword(s):  
Economic Analysis ◽  
Gas Turbine ◽  
Power Plants ◽  
Combined Cycle ◽  
Small Range ◽  
Exhaust Gas ◽  
Thermodynamic Optimization ◽  
Technological Structure ◽  
The Cost ◽  
Selection Of

Abstract A thermodynamic and economic analysis of a GT10 gas turbine integrated with the air bottoming cycle is presented. The results are compared to commercially available combined cycle power plants based on the same gas turbine. The systems under analysis have a better chance of competing with steam bottoming cycle configurations in a small range of the power output capacity. The aim of the calculations is to determine the final cost of electricity generated by the gas turbine air bottoming cycle based on a 25 MW GT10 gas turbine with the exhaust gas mass flow rate of about 80 kg/s. The article shows the results of thermodynamic optimization of the selection of the technological structure of gas turbine air bottoming cycle and of a comparative economic analysis. Quantities are determined that have a decisive impact on the considered units profitability and competitiveness compared to the popular technology based on the steam bottoming cycle. The ultimate quantity that can be compared in the calculations is the cost of 1 MWh of electricity. It should be noted that the systems analyzed herein are power plants where electricity is the only generated product. The performed calculations do not take account of any other (potential) revenues from the sale of energy origin certificates. Keywords: Gas turbine air bottoming cycle, Air bottoming cycle, Gas turbine, GT10

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