scholarly journals Direct Methanation of Biogas—Technical Challenges and Recent Progress

2020 ◽  
Vol 8 ◽  
Author(s):  
Adelaide S. Calbry-Muzyka ◽  
Tilman J. Schildhauer
Keyword(s):  
Carbon Dioxide ◽  
Cost Comparison ◽  
Full Potential ◽  
Carbon Dioxide Separation ◽  
Gas Network ◽  
Implementation Challenges ◽  
Advantages And Disadvantages ◽  
Technology Readiness Level ◽  
Long Duration ◽  
Readiness Level

The direct methanation of biogas using hydrogen from electrolysis is a promising pathway for seasonal storage of renewables in the natural gas network. It offers particular advantages over the methanation of carbon dioxide separated from biogas, as it eliminates a costly and unnecessary carbon dioxide separation step. The key implementation challenges facing direct methanation of biogas are reviewed here: 1) treatment of biogas impurities; 2) competing reactor concepts for methanation; and 3) competing process concepts for final upgrading. For each of these three aspects, the state of the art is reviewed, focusing especially on results which have been validated at a high Technology Readiness Level (TRL) at recent long-duration demonstrations. The different technology solutions have advantages and disadvantages which may fit best to different technical and economic boundary conditions, which are discussed. As a final outlook, TRL 8 demo plants will be necessary to show the full potential of these systems, and to obtain consistent operation data to allow a cost comparison.

Evaluation of Technological Options for Carbon Dioxide Utilization

2020 ◽  
Vol 142 (9) ◽  
Author(s):  
Jacek Kalina ◽  
Anna Skorek-Osikowska ◽  
Łukasz Bartela ◽  
Paweł Gładysz ◽  
Krzysztof Lampert
Keyword(s):  
Carbon Dioxide ◽  
Technology Readiness ◽  
Extensive Literature ◽  
Ranking List ◽  
Feasibility Assessment ◽  
Technology Readiness Level ◽  
Carbon Dioxide Utilization ◽  
Readiness Level ◽  
Carbon Dioxide Co2 ◽  
Technological Options

Abstract In this paper, various technologies for the utilization of captured carbon dioxide (CO2) are evaluated using parametric and expert evaluation methods. About 25 technologies at different technology readiness level (TRL) have been identified and classified as either major or minor candidates for implementation under conditions of the Polish national economy. In relation to 14 technologies, extensive literature studies have been conducted. Several assessment criteria have been defined, and the ranking list of technologies has been created. At the final stage, a feasibility assessment has been made for the top two technologies of CO2 utilization in the context of cooperation with the 910 MW block in Jaworzno (Poland) coal-fired power plant.

scholarly journals Technology Readiness Level as the Foundation of Human Readiness Level

2021 ◽  
pp. 106480462110205
Author(s):  
George Salazar ◽  
M. Natalia Russi-Vigoya
Keyword(s):  
Life Cycles ◽  
Technology Readiness ◽  
Research Development ◽  
Allocation Of Resources ◽  
Human Capabilities ◽  
Advantages And Disadvantages ◽  
Technology Readiness Level ◽  
Readiness Level ◽  
Technology Life Cycle ◽  
Support Decision Making

Communication of the maturity of technology through the program/product life cycles helps enhance risk management from the beginning and support decision-making strategies for research, development, and allocation of resources. Currently, many organizations use the technology readiness level (TRL) as a simple metric to indicate the maturity of the technology. This article will discuss the TRL history, define the TRL levels, show how the TRL relates to the technology life cycle, and how the TRL framework contributes to the human readiness level (HRL) structure. Through the TRL advantages and disadvantages, this article will show how the TRL falls short in numerous areas of engineering, including the integration readiness of system/subsystem components and assessment of the readiness of the technology to operate within the human capabilities and limitations. Yet the article also shows how the TRL serves as the foundation for HRL.

Evaluation of the maturity level of biomass electricity generation technologies using the technology readiness level criteria

2021 ◽  
Vol 295 ◽  
pp. 126426
Author(s):  
Fernando Bruno Dovichi Filho ◽  
York Castillo Santiago ◽  
Electo Eduardo Silva Lora ◽  
José Carlos Escobar Palacio ◽  
Oscar Agustin Almazan del Olmo
Keyword(s):  
Electricity Generation ◽  
Technology Readiness ◽  
Maturity Level ◽  
Technology Readiness Level ◽  
Readiness Level

scholarly journals Improving the robustness of a service robot for continuous indoor monitoring: An incremental approach

2021 ◽  
Vol 18 (3) ◽  
pp. 172988142110121
Author(s):  
David Portugal ◽  
André G Araújo ◽  
Micael S Couceiro
Keyword(s):  
Real World ◽  
Service Robots ◽  
Service Robot ◽  
Technology Readiness ◽  
Incremental Approach ◽  
Technology Readiness Level ◽  
Readiness Level ◽  
Software And Hardware ◽  
Indoor Monitoring

To move out of the lab, service robots must reveal a proven robustness so they can be deployed in operational environments. This means that they should function steadily for long periods of time in real-world areas under uncertainty, without any human intervention, and exhibiting a mature technology readiness level. In this work, we describe an incremental methodology for the implementation of an innovative service robot, entirely developed from the outset, to monitor large indoor areas shared by humans and other obstacles. Focusing especially on the reliability of the fundamental localization system of the robot in the long term, we discuss all the incremental software and hardware features, design choices, and adjustments conducted, and show their impact on the performance of the robot in the real world, in three distinct 24-h long trials, with the ultimate goal of validating the proposed mobile robot solution for indoor monitoring.

Effect of silica nanoparticles on carbon dioxide separation performances of PVA/PEG cross-linked membranes

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Muhammad Rizwan Dilshad ◽  
Atif Islam ◽  
Bilal Haider ◽  
Muhammad Sajid ◽  
Aamir Ijaz ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Carbon Dioxide ◽  
Silica Nanoparticles ◽  
Carbon Dioxide Separation ◽  
Separation Performances

scholarly journals The Effect of the Temperature and Moisture to the Permeation Properties of PEO-Based Membranes for Carbon-Dioxide Separation

Polymers ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (13) ◽  
pp. 2053
Author(s):  
Dragutin Nedeljkovic
Keyword(s):  
Carbon Dioxide ◽  
Partial Pressure ◽  
Carbon Dioxide Emission ◽  
Combustion Products ◽  
Mixed Matrix Membranes ◽  
Mixed Matrix Membrane ◽  
Mixed Matrix ◽  
Gas Treatment ◽  
Carbon Dioxide Separation ◽  
Different Temperatures

An increased demand for energy in recent decades has caused an increase in the emissions of combustion products, among which carbon-dioxide is the most harmful. As carbon-dioxide induces negative environmental effects, like global warming and the greenhouse effect, a decrease of the carbon-dioxide emission has emerged as one of the most urgent tasks in engineering. In this work, the possibility for the application of the polymer-based, dense, mixed matrix membranes for flue gas treatment was tested. The task was to test a potential decrease in the permeability and selectivity of a mixed-matrix membrane in the presence of moisture and at elevated temperature. Membranes are based on two different poly(ethylene oxide)-based polymers filled with two different zeolite powders (ITR and IWS). An additive of detergent type was added to improve the contact properties between the zeolite and polymer matrix. The measurements were performed at three different temperatures (30, 60, and 90 °C) under wet conditions, with partial pressure of the water equal to the vapor pressure of the water at the given temperature. The permeability of carbon-dioxide, hydrogen, nitrogen, and oxygen was measured, and the selectivity of the carbon-dioxide versus other gases was determined. Obtained results have shown that an increase of temperature and partial pressure of the vapor slightly increase both the selectivity and permeability of the synthesized membranes. It was also shown that the addition of the zeolite powder increases the permeability of carbon-dioxide while maintaining the selectivity, compared to hydrogen, oxygen, and nitrogen.

OH-enriched organo-montmorillonites for potential applications in carbon dioxide separation and concentration

2013 ◽  
Vol 108 ◽  
pp. 181-188 ◽  
Author(s):  
Abdelkrim Azzouz ◽  
Nicoleta Platon ◽  
Saadia Nousir ◽  
Kamel Ghomari ◽  
Denisa Nistor ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Carbon Dioxide ◽  
Carbon Dioxide Separation ◽  
Potential Applications
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