scholarly journals Selected Physical and Flowability Properties of Evolving Distillers Dried Grains With Solubles (DDGS)

2021 ◽  
Vol 9 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kurt A Rosentrater ◽  
Weitao Zhang
Keyword(s):  
Bulk Density ◽  
Rapid Development ◽  
Geometric Mean ◽  
Angle Of Repose ◽  
Geometric Standard Deviation ◽  
Average Moisture Content ◽  
Laboratory Methods ◽  
The Past ◽  
Distillers Dried Grains ◽  
Production Practices

With the rapid development of the ethanol industry over the past few decades, research on distillers dried grains with solubles (DDGS), its main coproduct, has increased in recent years. However, research about the basic properties of DDGS lacks comprehensiveness. This study examined 16 DDGS samples from 10 ethanol plants in the Midwest U.S., and used standard laboratory methods to measure a series of physical and flowability properties. Results showed an average moisture content of 8.69% (w. b.), water activity of 0.55, angle of repose of 48.04°, shear strength of 0.0324 kg/cm2, geometric mean diameter (dgw) of 0.74 mm, geometric standard deviation (Sgw) of 1.72 mm, loose bulk density of 483.9 kg/m3, packed bulk density of 568.5 kg/m3, Hunter L of 56.71, Hunter a of 13.85, and Hunter b of 46.51. This study represents a step toward a more complete understanding of DDGS, and how various properties change as production practices evolve in the ethanol industry.

scholarly journals Physical Attributes and Modelling of Trans- Himalayan Seabuckthorn Berries

2017 ◽  
Vol 5 (3) ◽  
pp. 391-397 ◽  
Author(s):  
SWAPNIL G. JAISWAL ◽  
BHUSHAN R. DOLE ◽  
SANGRAM K. SATPATHY ◽  
S.N. NAIK
Keyword(s):  
Bulk Density ◽  
Surface Area ◽  
Geometric Mean ◽  
Polynomial Model ◽  
Angle Of Repose ◽  
True Density ◽  
North Eastern ◽  
Mean Diameter ◽  
Physical Attributes ◽  
In Trans

Seabuckthorn is a highly perishable fruit found in trans-Himalayan region and North-Eastern part of India. It has enormous nutritional and medicinal properties. Physical attributes of fruits play an important role in the design of machines to meet various harvest and post harvest operations. In the present study properties like dimensions, true density, bulk density, sphericity, porosity and angle of repose were measured and correlated with the mass of the fruit. In addition linear, polynomial, quadratic, logarithmic and exponential models were used for mass and surface area. The length, diameter, thousand berry weight, geometric mean diameter, arithmetic mean diameter, surface area, aspect ratio, angle of repose, sphericity, porosity, true density, bulk density, moisture content were found in the range of 6.5-7.5, 4.74-6.28, 362.67-910.14, 5.49-6.99, 6.17-6.24, 76.87-154.76, 72.81-83.73, 3.59-6.82, 65.84-90.47, 17.05-60.07, 647.19-1399.24, 453.81-725.88, 84.53-87.34 respectively. Polynomial model was suited to be best for mass with length and diameter. Polynomial model between surface area and geometric mean diameter gave highest R2 of 0.981.

scholarly journals Some Physical Properties of Palmyrah Palm (Borassus flabellifer L.) Fruits

2021 ◽  
pp. 18-25
Author(s):  
P. C. Vengaiah ◽  
S. Kaleemullah ◽  
M. Madhava ◽  
A. Mani ◽  
B. Sreekanth
Keyword(s):  
Aspect Ratio ◽  
Moisture Content ◽  
Mild Steel ◽  
Physical Properties ◽  
Bulk Density ◽  
Geometric Mean ◽  
Static Friction ◽  
Angle Of Repose ◽  
Average Mass ◽  
The Individual

Some physical properties of palmyrah fruit were investigated in this study. The average values of major, medium, minor and geometric mean diameters of fresh whole palmyrah fruit were 11.54,10.45, 9.85 and 10.64 cm respectively at 47.34 % (w.b) moisture content whereas that of palmyrah nut were 8.59, 7.35, 4.99 and 6.79 cm respectively at 8% (w.b) moisture content. Sphericity, surface area and aspect ratio were found to be 91.94%, 359.17 cm2 and 0.90 for fruit and whereas that of nut were 79.19%, 145.16 cm2 and 0.86 respectively. The average mass of the individual palmyrah fruit and nut was 927.78 and 248.10 g whereas bulk density was 525.92 and 693.0 kg/m3 respectively. The coefficient of static friction on mild steel, glass and plywood surfaces were 0.27, 0.21 and 0.25 for palmyrah fruit and 0.36, 0.28 and 0.27 for nut respectively. The angle of repose of palmyrah fruit and nut were 30.77 and 44.03 respectively.

Effect of moisture content on physical properties of cashew nut of different varieties

2016 ◽  
Vol 44 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Shrikant Baslingappa Swami ◽  
N.J. Thakor A.M. Gawai
Keyword(s):  
Moisture Content ◽  
Physical Properties ◽  
Bulk Density ◽  
Surface Area ◽  
Geometric Mean ◽  
Angle Of Repose ◽  
True Density ◽  
Cashew Nut ◽  
Mean Diameter ◽  
Effect Of Moisture

<p>The physical properties, viz., geometric diameter, surface area, sphericity, volume, bulk density, true density and angle of repose was measured for  four  cashew varieties <em>viz</em>., <em>Vengurle 1, Vengurle 3, Vengurle 4</em>  and <em>Vengurle 7</em> at different moisture content (15 to 87% db). For <em>Vengurle</em> 1 as the moisture content increased, the physical properties i.e., geometric mean diameter, volume, surface area, true density and angle of repose increased from 20.8 to 22.1 mm, 3485 to 4416 mm<sup>3</sup>, 1355 to 1540 mm<sup>2</sup>, 984 to 1030 kg m<sup>-3</sup> and 32 to 37˚, respectively. The sphericity and bulk density decreased from 74.2 to 71.4 per cent and 490 to 418 kg m<sup>-3</sup> respectively. For <em>Vengurle 3</em> geometric mean diameter, volume, surface area, true density and angle of repose increased from 27.2 to 28.6 mm, 7912 to 9169 mm<sup>3</sup>, 2320 to 2567 mm<sup>2</sup>, 1020 to 1048 kg m<sup>-3</sup> and 33 to 35.5˚, respectively. The sphericity and bulk density decreased from 75.5 to 75.2 per cent and 531 to 470 kg m<sup>-3</sup> respectively. For <em>Vengurle 4</em> the geometric mean diameter, volume, surface area, true density and angle of repose increased from 21.0 to 24.1mm, 3362 to 5113 mm<sup>3</sup>, 1391 to 1828 mm<sup>2</sup>, 970 to 1030 kg m<sup>-3</sup> and 32.5 to 38˚,  respectively. The sphericity and bulk density decreased from 65.8 to 66.8 per cent, 517 to 462 kg m<sup>-3</sup>, respectively. For <em>Vengurle 7</em> the geometric mean diameter, volume, surface area, true density and angle of repose increased from 24.2 to 24.9 mm, 5102 to 5547 mm<sup>3</sup>, 1840 to 1941 mm<sup>2</sup>, 998 to 1045 kg m<sup>-3</sup> and 33 to 38˚, respectively. The sphericity and bulk density decreased from 65.4 to 65.8 per cent, 518 to 438 kg m<sup>-3</sup>, respectively.</p>

scholarly journals Investigation of effect of maize varieties on selected physical properties

2021 ◽  
Vol 9 (1) ◽  
pp. 8-16
Author(s):  
Idowu D. O ◽  
◽  
Onifade T. B. ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Bulk Density ◽  
Coefficient Of Friction ◽  
Geometric Mean ◽  
Angle Of Repose ◽  
Engineering Properties ◽  
Unit Weight ◽  
Equivalent Diameter ◽  
True Density ◽  
Processing Equipment ◽  
Maize Varieties

The engineering properties of some selected variety of maize (SM39, SM40 and Oba Super 6) which is needed in the design and development of a functional handling and processing equipment for the crop was studied. The seeds were bought from the Agricultural settlements in Ogbomoso South-Western Nigeria. The selected properties are size, shape, weight, true density, and bulk density, angle of repose, coefficient of friction, and moisture content. The results of the experiments showed that the mean length was between 8.7 and 9.78 mm; width, 7.69 and 8.26 mm; thickness, 4.11 and 4.60 mm; geometric mean diameter, 7.17 and 7.78 mm; equivalent diameter, 6.62 and 6.62 mm; unit weight, 0.22 and 0.24 g; true density, 954.25 and 1245 kg/m3; bulk density, 734.45 and 752.23 kg/m3, and angle of repose of the three varieties are between 29.20 and 36.60. While the average values of static coefficient of friction measured was between 0.39 and 0.49. The results from this experiment showed that the effect of varieties is significant on the engineering properties of maize. The results obtained from these studies will be useful for the design and manufacturing of operating system for handling and processing of different varieties of maize. Keywords: Engineering properties, design, processing equipment, manufacturing, varities.

scholarly journals Pellet Quality of Corn-Based DDGS

2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (3) ◽  
pp. 25
Author(s):  
Mingjun Ma ◽  
Kurt A. Rosentrater
Keyword(s):  
Moisture Content ◽  
Bulk Density ◽  
Great Increase ◽  
Market Potential ◽  
Angle Of Repose ◽  
Pellet Quality ◽  
Dry Grind ◽  
The Past ◽  
The Us

The rapid growth of corn-based dry grind ethanol plants over the past decade in the US has resulted in a great increase in production of the coproduct DDGS (distillers dried grains with solubles). Since some physical properties like low bulk density and poor flowability can impact the market potential of DDGS, pelleting of DDGS can be one of the easiest ways to improve this situation. Pellet quality is the focus of this project. The pelleting process was conducted with three initial DDGS moisture contents and two different dies; a total of six runs were completed to produce DDGS pellets. The physical qualities of pelleted DDGS were determined by measuring durability, bulk density, angle of repose, and color of the pellets. The results showed that the durability ranged from 42% to 89%, the highest pellet durability occurred when the moisture content was 20% db and the die diameter was 1/8 in. The bulk density increased when the DDGS moisture content decreased, and the highest bulk density was observed when the moisture content was 10% db and the die diameter was 1/8 in.

scholarly journals MEMPELAJARI KARAKTERISTIK FISIK BIJI KAKAO (Theobrema cacao L.) PADA SUHU PENGERINGAN YANG BERBEDA

2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (2) ◽  
pp. 200
Author(s):  
Sri Waluyo ◽  
Tri Wahyu Saputra ◽  
Nikita Permatahati
Keyword(s):  
Physical Properties ◽  
Bulk Density ◽  
Surface Area ◽  
Geometric Mean ◽  
Economic Value ◽  
Angle Of Repose ◽  
True Density ◽  
Cocoa Beans ◽  
Process Step ◽  
Drying Temperature

Drying is a common process step for agricultural grain products for ease of handling and to achieve the desired quality levels. One of the commodities that have high economic value produced by farmers in Lampung Province is cocoa beans. The drying process may change the physical properties of the cocoa beans and affect the processing of cocoa beans at a later stage. This study aims to determine the effect of drying temperature on changes in the physical properties of cocoa beans such as dimension, volume, weight, surface area, true density, bulk density, porosity, sphericity, and angle of repose. This research was applied to fresh non-fermented cocoa beans in testing. The cocoa beans were dried at temperatures of 40, 50 or 60oC. The research data were then statistically tested using paired sample T-Test at the 95% level to determine whether there is any effect of drying temperature on changes in its physical properties. The results showed a significant effect of drying temperature on weight, volume, geometric mean diameter (Dg), surface area, bulk density, porosity, and angle of repose of cocoa beans. Meanwhile, the sphericity and true density parameters did not significantly change. Keywords: cocoa beans, drying, physical properties

scholarly journals Comparative Studies on Dimensional, Gravimetric and Frictional Properties of Chhattisgarh Popular Paddy Varieties for Suitability of Flaked Rice (Paha)

2020 ◽  
pp. 145-151
Author(s):  
Rahul Dahare ◽  
Tankesh Kumar Nishad ◽  
Bhupendra Sahu
Keyword(s):  
Aspect Ratio ◽  
Bulk Density ◽  
Average Length ◽  
Geometric Mean ◽  
Angle Of Repose ◽  
True Density ◽  
Frictional Properties ◽  
Mean Diameter ◽  
Length Width ◽  
Different Characteristics

The present study on different characteristics of some selected varieties of paddy was undertaken to study dimensional, gravimetric and frictional properties of paddy. The physical properties such as average length, width, thickness, geometric mean diameter, aspect ratio, sphericity, volume, surface area, L/B ratio, true density, bulk density, porosity, angle of repose and coefficient of friction on different surfaces of paddy varieties were measured to have an initial information of the input. All varieties have different dimensional properties, for the length of Rajeshwari, Durgeshwari and Mahamaya paddy variety 9.21 to 9.34 mm, for width 2.41 to 2.79 mm and for thickness 1.83 to 2.45 mm respectively. The geometric mean diameter and aspect ratio for Rajeshwari, Durgeshwari and Mahamaya paddy variety was observed 3.43 to 4.08 mm and 25.21 to 30.13% respectively. True density and bulk density of Rajeshwari, Durgeshwari and Mahamaya paddy variety were observed 1056.86 to 1350.43 kg/m3 and 580.18 to 695.77 kg/m3 respectively. The angle of repose of Rajeshwari, Durgeshwari and Mahamaya paddy variety was observed 42.23° to 48.51°.

History—an overview

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Oriol Bohigas ◽  
Hans A. Weidenmüller
Keyword(s):  
Random Matrix Theory ◽  
Random Matrix ◽  
Matrix Theory ◽  
Rapid Development ◽  
The Past ◽  
History Of ◽  
And Mathematics

An overview of the history of random matrix theory (RMT) is provided in this chapter. Starting from its inception, the authors sketch the history of RMT until about 1990, focusing their attention on the first four decades of RMT. Later developments are partially covered. In the past 20 years RMT has experienced rapid development and has expanded into a number of areas of physics and mathematics.

scholarly journals International Schools for Young Astronomers (ISYA): a programme of the International Astronomical Union

2006 ◽  
Vol 2 (SPS5) ◽  
pp. 221-228 ◽  
Author(s):  
Michèle Gerbaldi
Keyword(s):  
International Schools ◽  
Rapid Development ◽  
Data Access ◽  
International Astronomical Union ◽  
Information And Communications Technologies ◽  
The Past ◽  
Data Archives ◽  
International Astronomical ◽  
Communications Technologies

AbstractThis paper outlines the main features of the International Schools for Young Astronomers (ISYA), a programme developed by the International Astronomical Union (IAU) in 1967. The main goal of this programme is to support astronomy in developing countries by organizing a school lasting 3 weeks for students with typically a M.Sc. degree. The context in which the ISYA were developed has changed drastically over the past 10 years. We have moved from a time when access to any large telescope was difficult and mainly organized on a national basis, to the situation nowadays where data archives are established at the same time that any major telescope, ground-based or in space, is built, and these archives are accessible from everywhere. The concept of the virtual observatory reinforces this access. However, the rapid development of information and communications technologies and the increasing penetration of internet have not yet removed all barriers to data access. The role of the ISYA is addressed in this context.

scholarly journals The Variation of Riverbed Material due to Tropical Storms in Shi-Wen River, Taiwan

2014 ◽  
Vol 2014 ◽  
pp. 1-12
Author(s):  
Chin-Ping Lin ◽  
Yu-Min Wang ◽  
Samkele S. Tfwala ◽  
Ching-Nuo Chen
Keyword(s):  
Grain Size ◽  
Geometric Mean ◽  
Size Variation ◽  
Annual Rainfall ◽  
Geometric Standard Deviation ◽  
Roughness Coefficient ◽  
Bed Form ◽  
Subsurface Material ◽  
Typhoon Season ◽  
Bed Material

Taiwan, because of its location, is a flood prone region and is characterised by typhoons which brings about two-thirds to three quarters of the annual rainfall amount. Consequently, enormous flows result in rivers and entrain some fractions of the grains that constitute the riverbed. Hence, the purpose of the study is to quantify the impacts of these enormous flows on the distribution of grain size in riverbeds. The characteristics of riverbed material prior to and after the typhoon season are compared in Shi-Wen River located at southern Taiwan. These include grain size variation, bimodality, and roughness coefficient. A decrease (65%) and increase (50%) in geometric mean size of grains were observed for subsurface and surface bed material, respectively. Geometric standard deviation decreased in all sites after typhoon. Subsurface material was bimodal prior to typhoons and polymodal after. For surface material, modal class is in the gravel class, while after typhoons it shifts towards cobble class. The reduction in geometric mean resulted to a decrease in roughness coefficient by up to 30%. Finally, the relationship of Shields and Froude numbers are studied and a change in the bed form to antidunes and transition form is observed, respectively.

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