scholarly journals Techno-Economic Analysis of a Concentrating Solar Power Plant Using Redox-Active Metal Oxides as Heat Transfer Fluid and Storage Media

2021 ◽  
Vol 9 ◽  
Author(s):  
Brandon T. Gorman ◽  
Mariana Lanzarini-Lopes ◽  
Nathan G. Johnson ◽  
James E. Miller ◽  
Ellen B. Stechel
Keyword(s):  
Heat Transfer ◽  
Solar Radiation ◽  
Metal Oxide ◽  
Department Of Energy ◽  
Concentrating Solar Power ◽  
Storage Media ◽  
Redox Active ◽  
Active Metal ◽  
And Storage ◽  
Redox Active Metal

We present results for a one-dimensional quasi-steady-state thermodynamic model developed for a 111.7 MWe concentrating solar power (CSP) system using a redox-active metal oxide as the heat storage media and heat transfer agent integrated with a combined cycle air Brayton power block. In the energy charging and discharging processes, the metal oxide CaAl0.2Mn0.8O2.9-δ (CAM28) undergoes a reversible, high temperature redox cycle including an endothermic oxygen-releasing reaction and exothermic oxygen-incorporation reaction. Concentrated solar radiation heats the redox-active oxide particles under partial vacuum to drive the reduction extent deeper for increased energy density at a fixed temperature, thereby increasing storage capacity while limiting the required on sun temperature. Direct counter-current contact of the reduced particles with compressed air from the Brayton compressor releases stored chemical and sensible energy, heating the air to 1,200°C at the turbine inlet while cooling and reoxidizing the particles. The cool oxidized particles recirculate through the solar receiver subsystem for another cycle of heating and reduction (oxygen release). We applied the techno-economic model to 1) size components, 2) examine intraday operation with varying solar insolation, 3) estimate annual performance characteristics over a simulated year, 4) estimate the levelized cost of electricity (LCOE), and 5) perform sensitivity analyses to evaluate factors that affect performance and cost. Simulations use hourly solar radiation data from Barstow, California to assess the performance of a 111.7 MWe system with solar multiples (SMs) varying from 1.2 to 2.4 and storage capacities of 6–14 h. The baseline system with 6 h storage and SM of 1.8 has a capacity factor of 54.2%, an increase from 32.3% capacity factor with no storage, and an average annual energy efficiency of 20.6%. Calculations show a system with an output of 710 GWhe net electricity per year, 12 h storage, and SM of 2.4 to have an installed cost of $329 million, and an LCOE of 5.98 ¢/kWhe. This value meets the U.S. Department of Energy’s SunShot 2020 target of 6.0 ¢/kWhe (U. S Department of Energy, 2012), but falls just shy of the 5.0 ¢/kWhe 2030 CSP target for dispatchable electricity (U. S Department of Energy, 2017). The cost and performance results are minimally sensitive to most design parameters. However, a one-point change in the weighted annual cost of capital from 8 to 7% (better understood as a 12.5% change) translates directly to an 11% decrease (0.66 ¢/kWhe) in the LCOE.

scholarly journals Thermodynamic Investigation of Concentrating Solar Power With Thermochemical Storage

2015 ◽  
Author(s):  
Brandon T. Gorman ◽  
Nathan G. Johnson ◽  
James E. Miller ◽  
Ellen B. Stechel
Keyword(s):  
Heat Transfer ◽  
Energy Storage ◽  
Metal Oxide ◽  
Solar Power ◽  
Exothermic Reaction ◽  
Department Of Energy ◽  
Concentrating Solar Power ◽  
Ongoing Research ◽  
Performance Reduction ◽  
Solar Receiver

Concentrating solar power systems coupled to energy storage schemes, e.g. storage of sensible energy in a heat transfer fluid, are attractive options to reduce the transient effects of clouding on solar power output and to provide power after sunset and before sunrise. Common heat transfer fluids used to capture heat in a solar receiver include steam, oil, molten salt, and air. These high temperature fluids can be stored so that electric power can be produced on demand, limited primarily by the size of the capacity and the energy density of the storage mechanism. Phase changing fluids can increase the amount of stored energy relative to non-phase changing fluids due to the heat of vaporization or the heat of fusion. Reversible chemical reactions can also store heat; an endothermic reaction captures the heat, the chemical products are stored, and an exothermic reaction later releases the heat and returns the chemical compound to its initial state. Ongoing research is investigating the scientific and commercial potential of such reaction cycles with, for example, reduction (endothermic) and re-oxidation (exothermic) of metal oxide particles. This study includes thermodynamic analyses and considerations for component sizing of concentrating solar power towers with redox active metal oxide based thermochemical storage to reach target electrical output capacities of 0.1 MW to 100 MW. System-wide analyses here use one-dimensional energy and mass balances for the solar field, solar receiver reduction reactor, hot reduced particle storage, re-oxidizer reactor, power block, cold particle storage, and other components pertinent to the design. This work is part of a US Department of Energy (DOE) SunShot project entitled High Performance Reduction Oxidation of Metal Oxides for Thermochemical Energy Storage (PROMOTES).

Co2+-Linked [NaP5W30O110]14−: A Redox-Active Metal Oxide Framework with High Electron Density

2019 ◽  
Vol 141 (11) ◽  
pp. 4553-4557 ◽  
Author(s):  
Michael J. Turo ◽  
Linfeng Chen ◽  
Curtis E. Moore ◽  
Alina M. Schimpf
Keyword(s):  
Metal Oxide ◽  
Electron Density ◽  
High Electron ◽  
High Electron Density ◽  
Redox Active ◽  
Active Metal ◽  
Redox Active Metal

Redox-active metal–organic frameworks for energy conversion and storage

2019 ◽  
Vol 7 (28) ◽  
pp. 16571-16597 ◽  
Author(s):  
Joaquín Calbo ◽  
Matthias J. Golomb ◽  
Aron Walsh
Keyword(s):  
Energy Conversion ◽  
Metal Organic Frameworks ◽  
Mixed Valence ◽  
Redox Activity ◽  
Redox Active ◽  
Active Metal ◽  
Energy Conversion And Storage ◽  
Metal Organic ◽  
And Storage ◽  
Redox Active Metal

We review progress in the study of electroactive MOFs with redox activity for energy conversion and storage. Recent advances in mixed-valence MOFs are highlighted, which have led to record conductivities towards metallic porous materials.

The emerging molecular structure of the nitrogen cycle: an introduction to the proceedings of the 10th annual N-cycle meeting

2005 ◽  
Vol 33 (1) ◽  
pp. 113-118 ◽  
Author(s):  
C.S. Butler ◽  
D.J. Richardson
Keyword(s):  
Structural Biology ◽  
Nitrogen Cycle ◽  
Reaction Mechanisms ◽  
Spectroscopic Analysis ◽  
Three Dimensional ◽  
Chemical Transformations ◽  
Redox Active ◽  
Active Metal ◽  
Insight Into ◽  
Redox Active Metal

Over the last 10 years, during the lifetime of the nitrogen cycle meetings, structural biology, coupled with spectroscopy, has had a major impact of our understanding enzymology of the nitrogen cycle. The three-dimensional structures for many of the key enzymes have now been resolved and have provided a wealth of information regarding the architecture of redox active metal sites, as well as revealing novel structural folds. Coupled with structure-based spectroscopic analysis, this has led to new insight into the reaction mechanisms of the diverse chemical transformations that together cycle nitrogen in the biosphere. An overview of the some of the key developments in field over the last decade is presented.

scholarly journals Confining the spin between two metal atoms within the carbon cage: redox-active metal–metal bonds in dimetallofullerenes and their stable cation radicals

Nanoscale ◽  
2017 ◽  
Vol 9 (23) ◽  
pp. 7977-7990 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nataliya A. Samoylova ◽  
Stanislav M. Avdoshenko ◽  
Denis S. Krylov ◽  
Hannah R. Thompson ◽  
Amelia C. Kirkhorn ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Carbon Cage ◽  
Cation Radicals ◽  
Metal Atoms ◽  
Redox Active ◽  
Active Metal ◽  
Metal Metal ◽  
Metal Metal Bonds ◽  
Metal Bonds ◽  
Redox Active Metal

Dioxygen-derived radicals in biological systems

1985 ◽  
Vol 311 (1152) ◽  
pp. 605-615 ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Respiratory Burst ◽  
Electrochemical Method ◽  
Culture Medium ◽  
Biological Systems ◽  
Cellular Systems ◽  
Superoxide Ion ◽  
Radical Species ◽  
Redox Active ◽  
Active Metal ◽  
Redox Active Metal

Three instances of the involvement of dioxygen-derived radicals in biological systems are considered. The first concerns the formation of radicals in the haemolytic reactions induced by treatment of erythrocytes by phenylhydrazine, as an example of the so-called ‘oxidant drugs’. The evidence for the formation of phenyl radicals is considered and their origin in the oxidation of phenylhydrazine by a ferryl derivative of haemoglobin postulated. The relevance to the formation of phenylated iron and porphyrin species is described. It is suspected that many instances of oxidative damage to cellular systems result from the coincidence of unsequestered redox-active metal ions (particularly those of iron and copper), reductants, and dioxygen. As an example, the damage to hepatocytes, grown in a culture medium containing cysteine, is described. The formation of radical species derived from dioxygen during the respiratory burst associated with phagocytosis is discussed. A new electrochemical method of detecting the superoxide ion produced during the respiratory burst is described. Particular emphasis is placed on the relation between the production of radical species such as the hydroxyl radical and the superoxide ion, and the extent of phagocytosis.

scholarly journals Negative cooperativity upon hydrogen bond-stabilized O2 adsorption in a redox-active metal–organic framework

2020 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Julia Oktawiec ◽  
Henry Z. H. Jiang ◽  
Jenny G. Vitillo ◽  
Douglas A. Reed ◽  
Lucy E. Darago ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Hydrogen Bond ◽  
Metal Organic Framework ◽  
Negative Cooperativity ◽  
O2 Adsorption ◽  
Redox Active ◽  
Active Metal ◽  
Metal Organic ◽  
Redox Active Metal ◽  
Organic Framework
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