Battery Electrode Mass Loading Prognostics and Analysis for Lithium-Ion Battery–Based Energy Storage Systems

With the rapid development of renewable energy, the lithium-ion battery has become one of the most important sources to store energy for many applications such as electrical vehicles and smart grids. As battery performance would be highly and directly affected by its electrode manufacturing process, it is vital to design an effective solution for achieving accurate battery electrode mass loading prognostics at early manufacturing stages and analyzing the effects of manufacturing parameters of interest. To achieve this, this study proposes a hybrid data analysis solution, which integrates the kernel-based support vector machine (SVM) regression model and the linear model–based local interpretable model-agnostic explanation (LIME), to predict battery electrode mass loading and quantify the effects of four manufacturing parameters from mixing and coating stages of the battery manufacturing chain. Illustrative results demonstrate that the derived hybrid data analysis solution is capable of not only providing satisfactory battery electrode mass loading prognostics with over a 0.98 R-squared value but also effectively quantifying the effects of four key parameters (active material mass content, solid-to-liquid ratio, viscosity, and comma-gap) on determining battery electrode properties. Due to the merits of explainability and data-driven nature, the design data–driven solution could assist engineers to obtain battery electrode information at early production cases and understand strongly coupled parameters for producing batteries, further benefiting the improvement of battery performance for wider energy storage applications.