scholarly journals The Spatial Network Contagion of Environmental Risks Among Countries Along the Belt and Road Initiative

2021 ◽  
Vol 9 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ling Lu ◽  
Kai Fang ◽  
Chuan Ming Liu ◽  
Cheng Sun
Keyword(s):  
Social Network ◽  
Economic Integration ◽  
Environmental Risk ◽  
Spatial Clustering ◽  
Environmental Risks ◽  
Quadratic Assignment ◽  
Spatial Network ◽  
Belt And Road Initiative ◽  
Belt And Road ◽  
The Belt And Road

Under the tide of global economic integration with aggravated environmental risks caused by intensive human activities, the spatial network correlation of environmental risks has become intensified. The close exchange of activities among the countries under the Belt and Road Initiative (BRI) will especially feel this contagion of environmental risks. Given this situation, this article analyzes the environmental risk contagion relations among the BRI countries and the characteristics of their network structure by using social network analysis (SNA). A block model is used to analyze the spatial clustering characteristics of the environmental risk contagion. Specifically, the driving factors of environmental risk contagion are analyzed through the quadratic assignment procedure (QAP) of SNA. The results of this article provide some references for the BRI to reduce the environmental risks and jointly control the environmental risk contagion, so as to assist in the promotion of a green silk road.

The Dynamics of International Dispute Resolution Business in the Belt and Road

2019 ◽  
Vol 113 ◽  
pp. 370-374
Author(s):  
Weixia Gu
Keyword(s):  
Dispute Resolution ◽  
Economic Integration ◽  
Belt And Road Initiative ◽  
International Dispute ◽  
Regional Markets ◽  
Belt And Road ◽  
The Belt And Road ◽  
Game Changer

China's Belt and Road Initiative (BRI) ambitiously aspires toward expanding regional markets and facilitating economic integration across Asia and Europe. It has been regarded as a game-changer on the landscape of dispute resolution market, triggering a proliferation of “adjudication business.” This report examines the dynamics of international dispute resolution in context of the BRI, discussed from the three following perspectives: (1) BRI investors and disputants; (2) three major means of dispute resolution on offer; and (3) institutions involved.

scholarly journals The Belt and Road Initiative: Maximizing benefits, managing risks—A computable general equilibrium approach

2018 ◽  
Vol 2 (1) ◽  
pp. 97 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hongjoo Hahm ◽  
Selim Raihan
Keyword(s):  
Computable General Equilibrium ◽  
Economic Benefits ◽  
Environmental Risks ◽  
Belt And Road Initiative ◽  
The Social ◽  
Belt And Road ◽  
Trade Analysis ◽  
Global Trade Analysis Project ◽  
The Belt And Road ◽  
Social And Environmental Risks

Using a Global Trade Analysis Project (GTAP) model, and China as the base for analytical comparison, this paper shows that there are significant economic benefits to China and the participating countries along all six Belt and Road Initiative (BRI) economic corridors. However, to maximize these benefits, the social and environmental risks need to be well managed. The analysis shows a clear sequencing in terms of priority corridors. Two corridors have minimal investments and immediate returns, two corridors have significant investments with huge returns, and two corridors have high investments with lower returns. Overall, the paper demonstrates that to ensure the sustainability of any BRI corridor development, there is a need to consider its costs and benefits from the economic, social and environmental perspectives.

scholarly journals European Union (EU)-China-Africa Triangular Cooperation under the Belt and Road Initiative: The Way Forward

2019 ◽  
Vol 2 (4) ◽  
pp. p226
Author(s):  
Dr. Vasiliki Papatheologou
Keyword(s):  
European Union ◽  
Sustainable Development ◽  
Economic Integration ◽  
Regional Cooperation ◽  
Regional Security ◽  
Belt And Road Initiative ◽  
African Countries ◽  
Security Infrastructure ◽  
Belt And Road ◽  
The Belt And Road

The Belt and Road Initiative (BRI) offers a platform for trans-regional cooperation, connects Asia and Europe with Africa, strengthens European Union (EU)-China-Africa triangular cooperation and provides development opportunities for the African countries. In the region of Africa, Belt and Road Initiative (BRI) is perceived as a mechanism for interregional dialogue with concrete results in the areas of peace, security, infrastructure, sustainable development and in assisting African states to achieve the SDG’s. The trilateral cooperation is enriched by the Belt and Road Initiative (BRI) for a deeper economic integration and for promoting regional security in Africa.

scholarly journals Prospects for Scientific and Innovative Interaction Between China and Kazakhstan Within the Belt and Road Initiative

2020 ◽  
Vol 4 (54) ◽  
Author(s):  
Aidana Duisekina
Keyword(s):  
International Cooperation ◽  
Economic Integration ◽  
New Technologies ◽  
Theory And Practice ◽  
Joint Production ◽  
Belt And Road Initiative ◽  
Chinese Studies ◽  
Political Interaction ◽  
Belt And Road ◽  
The Belt And Road

The dynamic economic growth of China, the expansion of trade, the huge demographic potential, the development of innovations and the introduction of new technologies have attracted the attention of politicians and researchers from around the world. A new level of economic integration between Kazakhstan and China requires enhanced cooperation in not only the political, trade, financial sectors, but also, which is no less important, in the field of education and innovation. This is due to the fact that not only politicians, businessmen, but also ordinary people will join the system of relations in the process of economic integration of the two countries, with their help joint production and joint products will be created. Implementation of the Belt and Road initiative raises new challenges for Kazakhstan and China's cultural and educational spheres. The goal of the research is to examine the prospects of cooperation and innovation in the field of education within the context of the Belt and Road initiative, identify the main areas of educational cooperation and identify key areas of cooperation between Kazakhstan and China. This article contributes  to  the  sense  of  the  Belt  and  Road initiative to improve the theory and practice of international cooperation between China and Kazakhstan in the field of education and innovation. The economic and political interaction between Kazakhstan and China is well studied in world Chinese studies, while cooperation in the field of education still requires research and systematization since this area makes a great contribution to the promotion of China's interests, values and the development of Chinese influence in the region. Thus, this article is intended to fill the gap in this area. This article contributes to the sense of the Belt and Road initiative to improve the theory and practice of international cooperation between China and Kazakhstan in the field of education.

The Belt and Road Initiative and Sino-Russian economic cooperation: Is there one more chance for us?

2019 ◽  
pp. 47-71
Author(s):  
Petr M. Mozias
Keyword(s):  
Regional Integration ◽  
Raw Materials ◽  
Belt And Road Initiative ◽  
Stage Of Development ◽  
Belt And Road ◽  
Flexible Framework ◽  
The One ◽  
International Transactions ◽  
The Belt And Road ◽  
Current Stage

China’s Belt and Road Initiative could be treated ambiguously. On the one hand, it is intended to transform the newly acquired economic potential of that country into its higher status in the world. China invites a lot of nations to build up gigantic transit corridors by joint efforts, and doing so it applies productively its capital and technologies. International transactions in RMB are also being expanded. But, on the other hand, the Belt and Road Initiative is also a necessity for China to cope with some evident problems of its current stage of development, such as industrial overcapacity, overdependence on imports of raw materials from a narrow circle of countries, and a subordinate status in global value chains. For Russia participation in the Belt and Road Initiative may be fruitful, since the very character of that project provides us with a space to manoeuvre. By now, Russian exports to China consist primarily of fuels and other commodities. More active industrial policy is needed to correct this situation . A flexible framework of the Belt and Road Initiative is more suitable for this objective to be achieved, rather than traditional forms of regional integration, such as a free trade zone.

Belt and Road Initiative: Analysis of Possible Effects on Nigeria’s Economy

2018 ◽  
Vol 9 (06) ◽  
pp. 20475-20182
Author(s):  
Ige Ayokunle O ◽  
Akingbesote A.O
Keyword(s):  
Economic Growth ◽  
International Economic ◽  
International Cooperation ◽  
Economic Cooperation ◽  
Belt And Road Initiative ◽  
International Economic Cooperation ◽  
R Project ◽  
Belt And Road ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
The Belt And Road

The Belt and Road initiative is an important attempt by China to sustain its economic growth, by exploring new forms of international economic cooperation with new partners. Even though the B&R project is not the first attempt at international cooperation, it is considered as the best as it is open in nature and does not exclude interested countries. This review raised and answered three questions of how the B&R project will affect Nigeria’s economy?  How will it affect the relationship between Nigeria and China? What could go wrong?, The review concluded that Nigeria can only benefit positively from the project.

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