scholarly journals Ecological Correlates of 20-Year Population Trends of Wintering Waterbirds in Deep Bay, South China

2021 ◽  
Vol 9 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yik-Hei Sung ◽  
Chun-chiu Pang ◽  
Tom Chung-hoi Li ◽  
Paulina Pui Yun Wong ◽  
Yat-tung Yu
Keyword(s):  
South China ◽  
Population Trends ◽  
The Yellow Sea ◽  
Bay Area ◽  
Waterbird Species ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Conservation Actions ◽  
Deep Bay

Along the East Asian-Australasian flyway (EAAF), waterbirds are threatened by a wide range of human activities. Studies have shown that wintering populations of many species have declined in Australia and Japan; however, long term data along China’s coast are limited. In this study, we analyzed data collected from monthly bird surveys to quantify population trends of wintering waterbirds from 1998 to 2017 in the Deep Bay area, South China. Of the 42 species studied, 12 declined, while nine increased significantly. Phylogenetic comparative analysis revealed that population trends were negatively correlated to reliance on the Yellow Sea and body size. Further, waterbird species breeding in Southern Siberia declined more than those breeding in East Asia. These findings, coupled with a relatively high number of increasing species, support the continual preservation of wetlands in the Deep Bay area. This study provides another case study showing that data collected from wintering sites provide insights on the threats along migratory pathway and inform conservation actions. As such, we encourage population surveys in the EAAF to continue, particularly along the coast of China.

Long-term declines in common breeding seabirds in Japan

2019 ◽  
Vol 30 (3) ◽  
pp. 434-446
Author(s):  
MASAYUKI SENZAKI ◽  
AKIRA TERUI ◽  
NAOKI TOMITA ◽  
FUMIO SATO ◽  
YOSHIHIRO FUKUDA ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
State Space Model ◽  
Common Species ◽  
Population Trends ◽  
Seabird Species ◽  
Common Murre ◽  
Cerorhinca Monocerata ◽  
Conservation Actions ◽  
Declining Species ◽  
The Japanese Archipelago

SummaryGlobal seabird populations are in decline, with nearly half of all seabird species currently in an extinction crisis. Understanding long-term seabird population trends is an essential first step to inform conservation actions. In this study, we assembled historical breeding records of seabirds throughout the Japanese archipelago and quantified the long-term population trends of 10 major breeding seabird species using a hierarchical Bayesian state-space model. The model revealed that six species had increasing or no detectable trends (Short-tailed Albatross Phoebastria albatrus, Leach’s Storm Petrel Oceanodroma leucorhoa, Pelagic Cormorant Phalacrocorax pelagicus, Japanese Cormorant Phalacrocorax capillatus, Spectacled Guillemot Cepphus carbo, and Rhinoceros Auklet Cerorhinca monocerata). However, decreasing trends were found not only in nationally threatened species (Common Murre Uria aalge, and Tufted Puffin Fratercula cirrhata) but also common species that are often described as abundant (Black-tailed Gull Larus crassirostris and Slaty-backed Gull Larus schistisagus). These declining species have declined to 3–35% of baseline levels over the past 30 years. This study provides the first evidence of long-term declines in common and widespread seabirds in Japan.

scholarly journals Research on the Joint Development of Cities of Guangdong-Hong Kong-Macau Greater Bay Area: A Case Study of Foshan City

2021 ◽  
Vol 4 (5) ◽  
pp. 1-7
Author(s):  
Mingyang Luo
Keyword(s):  
Hong Kong ◽  
Central Government ◽  
Policy Decision ◽  
National Strategy ◽  
Joint Development ◽  
Bay Area ◽  
Belt And Road ◽  
The Belt And Road

Promoting the construction of Guangdong-Hong Kong-Macau Greater Bay Area is a major policy decision and national strategy made by the central government of China, which significantly supports the Belt and Road Initiative and maintains the long-term prosperity for the whole country. As an important part of the Guangdong-Hong Kong-Macau Greater Bay Area, Foshan needs to find its own position and direction in order to accelerate the joint development with other cities through five measures.

scholarly journals Using the DCC Lifecycle Model to Curate a Gene Expression Database: A Case Study

2009 ◽  
Vol 4 (3) ◽  
pp. 57-70
Author(s):  
Jean O’Donoghue ◽  
Jano I. Van Hemert
Keyword(s):  
Gene Expression ◽  
Developmental Gene ◽  
Design Study ◽  
Developmental Gene Expression ◽  
Digital Curation ◽  
Early Human Development ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Early Human

Developmental Gene Expression Map (DGEMap) is an EU-funded Design Study, which will accelerate an integrated European approach to gene expression in early human development. As part of this design study, we have had to address the challenges and issues raised by the long-term curation of such a resource. As this project is primarily one of data creators, learning about curation, we have been looking at some of the models and tools that are already available in the digital curation field in order to inform our thinking on how we should proceed with curating DGEMap. This has led us to uncover a wide range of resources for data creators and curators alike. Here we will discuss the future curation of DGEMap as a case study. We believe our experience could be instructive to other projects looking to improve the curation and management of their data.

scholarly journals CSR in automotive sector - leaders or deceivers? The case of Audi AG

2018 ◽  
Vol 25 (3) ◽  
pp. 5-19
Author(s):  
Krzysztof Witkowski ◽  
Mateusz Kurowski ◽  
Dariusz Lesicki
Keyword(s):  
Global Economy ◽  
Negative Impact ◽  
Large Degree ◽  
External Effects ◽  
Car Industry ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Report Analysis ◽  
The One

Car production is a kind of activity that affects environment, society and global economy to a large degree. The most negative impact can be observed in the first of mentioned fields. Every day automotive companies consume big amount of energy and resources. What is more, their final products are considered as one of the main pollution sources. Nevertheless many car producers made effort to minimize negative external effects of their businesses. Year by year various CSR classifications and rankings showed that those efforts were resultful but Volkswagen emissions scandal and anti-diesel lobby shed new light on car industry in the terms of CSR. The aim of the article is to review CSR activities undertaken by Audi AG. Literature review and report analysis performed within the case study shows that the company is active in the field of ecology, society and corporate governance. In many terms Audi AG can be considered as the one of global CSR leaders. It is characterized by wide range of long term initiatives, high employee satisfaction and constant dialogue with stakeholders. On the other hand Audi AG can not be seen as a responsible company in the light of misleading customers to raise sales volume.

scholarly journals Vocabulary Retention in Cognitive Theory

2020 ◽  
Vol 6 (9) ◽  
pp. 414-419
Author(s):  
M. Allanazarova
Keyword(s):  
Second Language ◽  
Cognitive Theory ◽  
Vocabulary Learning ◽  
Small Scale ◽  
Vocabulary Retention ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Short And Long Term ◽  
Esl Learners

Vocabulary learning has been a key aspect of acquiring a second language for many years. Many scholars and linguists claimed that learning languages cannot be successful without a wide range of vocabulary. However, most ESL learners are confronted with recalling difficulties as they tend to forget the word fast that they learned recently. These challenges are commonly discussed and researched by Cognitivists since they deem that there are several reasons for forgetting associated with memory and mental process. This case study entails small-scale research on vocabulary retention, reasons for forgetting, and some potential solutions to recall words in the second language. For this case study, we have chosen Cognitivism Theory in a bid to investigate and find out remembering challenges of our ESL learner and give her some possible solutions because according to cognitive psychology it is said that systematic forgetting occurs owing to interfering effects, a continuation of the very process of subsumption, neurolinguistic blocking and other factors. Relying on their findings we tried to help our seventeen-year-old student who tends to forget English words easily. In this case, the hypothesis of the research is that pictorial texts or stories can be more effective for short and long-term vocabulary learning and retention.

scholarly journals Energy Sustainability Analysis (ESA) of Energy-Producing Processes: A Case Study on Distributed H2 Production

2019 ◽  
Vol 11 (18) ◽  
pp. 4911 ◽  
Author(s):  
Carlos E. Gómez-Camacho ◽  
Bernardo Ruggeri
Keyword(s):  
H2 Production ◽  
Energy Sources ◽  
Small Scale ◽  
Energy Sustainability ◽  
External Energy ◽  
Additional Energy ◽  
Sustainability Analysis ◽  
Wide Range

In the sustainability context, the performance of energy-producing technologies, using different energy sources, needs to be scored and compared. The selective criterion of a higher level of useful energy to feed an ever-increasing demand of energy to satisfy a wide range of endo- and exosomatic human needs seems adequate. In fact, surplus energy is able to cover energy services only after compensating for the energy expenses incurred to build and to run the technology itself. This paper proposes an energy sustainability analysis (ESA) methodology based on the internal and external energy use of a given technology, considering the entire energy trajectory from energy sources to useful energy. ESA analysis is conducted at two levels: (i) short-term, by the use of the energy sustainability index (ESI), which is the first step to establish whether the energy produced is able to cover the direct energy expenses needed to run the technology and (ii) long-term, by which all the indirect energy-quotas are considered, i.e., all the additional energy requirements of the technology, including the energy amortization quota necessary for the replacement of the technology at the end of its operative life. The long-term level of analysis is conducted by the evaluation of two indicators: the energy return per unit of energy invested (EROI) over the operative life and the energy payback-time (EPT), as the minimum lapse at which all energy expenditures for the production of materials and their construction can be repaid to society. The ESA methodology has been applied to the case study of H2 production at small-scale (10–15 kWH2) comparing three different technologies: (i) steam-methane reforming (SMR), (ii) solar-powered water electrolysis (SPWE), and (iii) two-stage anaerobic digestion (TSAD) in order to score the technologies from an energy sustainability perspective.

Environmental impact and health risks associated with greywater irrigation: a case study

2005 ◽  
Vol 52 (8) ◽  
pp. 161-169 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. Gross ◽  
N. Azulai ◽  
G. Oron ◽  
Z. Ronen ◽  
M. Arnold ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Environmental Impact ◽  
Health Risks ◽  
Loess Soil ◽  
Health Issues ◽  
Faecal Coliforms ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Changes In Soil Properties ◽  
Private Farm

There is an increasing trend to use greywater for irrigation in households. This is partly due to the notion that greywater is of better quality than wastewater and therefore does not need extensive treatment beyond addressing public health issues. The aim of the study was to evaluate the environmental impact and health risks associated with the use of greywater for irrigation on a small private farm. Over a three-year period, each of three plots on a farm was irrigated with either freshwater, fertilized water, or greywater. Irrigation water and soil from the plots were analyzed for a wide range of chemical and microbial variables. Results suggest that greywater may be of similar quality to wastewater in several parameters such as BOD and faecal coliforms. For some other variables such as boron and surfactants, greywater may even be of worse quality than wastewater. Long-term irrigation of arid loess soil with greywater may result in accumulation of salts, surfactants and boron in the soil, causing changes in soil properties and toxicity to plants. Faecal coliforms did not survive in the soil. Treating greywater before using it for irrigation is recommended, even in places where this is not a requirement.

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