scholarly journals Energy Sustainability Analysis (ESA) of Energy-Producing Processes: A Case Study on Distributed H2 Production

2019 ◽  
Vol 11 (18) ◽  
pp. 4911 ◽  
Author(s):  
Carlos E. Gómez-Camacho ◽  
Bernardo Ruggeri
Keyword(s):  
H2 Production ◽  
Energy Sources ◽  
Small Scale ◽  
Energy Sustainability ◽  
External Energy ◽  
Additional Energy ◽  
Sustainability Analysis ◽  
Wide Range

In the sustainability context, the performance of energy-producing technologies, using different energy sources, needs to be scored and compared. The selective criterion of a higher level of useful energy to feed an ever-increasing demand of energy to satisfy a wide range of endo- and exosomatic human needs seems adequate. In fact, surplus energy is able to cover energy services only after compensating for the energy expenses incurred to build and to run the technology itself. This paper proposes an energy sustainability analysis (ESA) methodology based on the internal and external energy use of a given technology, considering the entire energy trajectory from energy sources to useful energy. ESA analysis is conducted at two levels: (i) short-term, by the use of the energy sustainability index (ESI), which is the first step to establish whether the energy produced is able to cover the direct energy expenses needed to run the technology and (ii) long-term, by which all the indirect energy-quotas are considered, i.e., all the additional energy requirements of the technology, including the energy amortization quota necessary for the replacement of the technology at the end of its operative life. The long-term level of analysis is conducted by the evaluation of two indicators: the energy return per unit of energy invested (EROI) over the operative life and the energy payback-time (EPT), as the minimum lapse at which all energy expenditures for the production of materials and their construction can be repaid to society. The ESA methodology has been applied to the case study of H2 production at small-scale (10–15 kWH2) comparing three different technologies: (i) steam-methane reforming (SMR), (ii) solar-powered water electrolysis (SPWE), and (iii) two-stage anaerobic digestion (TSAD) in order to score the technologies from an energy sustainability perspective.

scholarly journals Vocabulary Retention in Cognitive Theory

2020 ◽  
Vol 6 (9) ◽  
pp. 414-419
Author(s):  
M. Allanazarova
Keyword(s):  
Second Language ◽  
Cognitive Theory ◽  
Vocabulary Learning ◽  
Small Scale ◽  
Vocabulary Retention ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Short And Long Term ◽  
Esl Learners

Vocabulary learning has been a key aspect of acquiring a second language for many years. Many scholars and linguists claimed that learning languages cannot be successful without a wide range of vocabulary. However, most ESL learners are confronted with recalling difficulties as they tend to forget the word fast that they learned recently. These challenges are commonly discussed and researched by Cognitivists since they deem that there are several reasons for forgetting associated with memory and mental process. This case study entails small-scale research on vocabulary retention, reasons for forgetting, and some potential solutions to recall words in the second language. For this case study, we have chosen Cognitivism Theory in a bid to investigate and find out remembering challenges of our ESL learner and give her some possible solutions because according to cognitive psychology it is said that systematic forgetting occurs owing to interfering effects, a continuation of the very process of subsumption, neurolinguistic blocking and other factors. Relying on their findings we tried to help our seventeen-year-old student who tends to forget English words easily. In this case, the hypothesis of the research is that pictorial texts or stories can be more effective for short and long-term vocabulary learning and retention.

A Review of Ice Protection Techniques for Structures in the Arctic and Offshore Harsh Environments

2021 ◽  
pp. 1-27
Author(s):  
Kewei Shi ◽  
Xili Duan
Keyword(s):  
Hybrid Approach ◽  
Offshore Structures ◽  
The Arctic ◽  
Marine Environments ◽  
External Energy ◽  
Additional Energy ◽  
Technical Limitation ◽  
Ice Accumulation ◽  
Wide Range

Abstract Icing can jeopardize local infrastructure, hinder field operation, destroy vessel superstructures, and threaten the safety of life and property in the Arctic and other cold offshore and marine environments. Research on ice protection (both anti-icing and de-icing) technologies is critical to equipment, structures and personnel in these environments. This review systematically evaluates a wide range of ice protection techniques divided into three main categories, i.e., active, passive, and hybrid ice protection techniques. Active anti/de-icing technologies include mechanical, thermal, or chemical methods, requiring an additional energy source to prevent ice formation or remove accumulated ice from the target surfaces. Passive anti/de-icing techniques can prevent ice accumulation or reduce ice adhesion without external energy sources; they create and maintain the icephobic properties of the target surfaces. Excessive energy consumption is a major technical limitation of the active ice protection technologies. On the other hand, it is challenging for any passive technology to meet the long-term ice protection requirements in the Arctic or different cold offshore/marine environments. A combination of two or more active and passive ice protection methods, i.e., a hybrid approach, seems promising and can be applied in various situations according to the specific requirements of different vessels, offshore structures, and equipment.

scholarly journals On-Site and External Energy Harvesting in Underground Wireless

Electronics ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 9 (4) ◽  
pp. 681 ◽  
Author(s):  
Usman Raza ◽  
Abdul Salam
Keyword(s):  
Energy Harvesting ◽  
Wireless Power Transfer ◽  
Energy Sources ◽  
Power Transfer ◽  
Wireless Power ◽  
External Energy ◽  
Term Operation ◽  
Available Energy ◽  
Underground Communication

Energy efficiency is vital for uninterrupted long-term operation of wireless underground communication nodes in the field of decision agriculture. In this paper, energy harvesting and wireless power transfer techniques are discussed with applications in underground wireless communications (UWC). Various external wireless power transfer techniques are explored. Moreover, key energy harvesting technologies are presented that utilize available energy sources in the field such as vibration, solar, and wind. In this regard, the Electromagnetic (EM)- and Magnetic Induction (MI)-based approaches are explained. Furthermore, the vibration-based energy harvesting models are reviewed as well. These energy harvesting approaches lead to design of an efficient wireless underground communication system to power underground nodes for prolonged field operation in decision agriculture.

scholarly journals A case study from the southern Cape linefishery 2: Considering one’s options when the fish leave

2017 ◽  
Vol 113 (5/6) ◽  
Author(s):  
Louise C. Gammage ◽  
Astrid Jarre ◽  
Charles Mather ◽  
◽  
◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Secondary Data ◽  
Structured Interview ◽  
Scenario Planning ◽  
Feedback Loops ◽  
Small Scale ◽  
Social Ecological ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Local Feedback ◽  
Resilience Framework

Fishers in the small-scale, commercial linefishery in the southern Cape, South Africa, are exposed to variability and change in the marine social-ecological system of which they are a part. Faced with multi-scalar changes within this complex system, fishers employ a wide range of strategies in reaction to change. As part of a broader study of stressors that bring about change in these systems, this contribution examines the fishers’ responses to these changes and is based on a participant-led, semi-structured interview process of skippers/boat owners, crew, processors and spouses/partners, in six communities in the southern Cape region, and has been supplemented with appropriate secondary data. The results are discussed using a resilience framework. The data were initially considered thematically by stressor, but results identified that a place-based analysis was equally important. Three major groupings were identified: (1) fishers who adapt and show clear business-orientation, (2) fishers who cope, and (3) fishers who react and are thus caught in a poverty trap. In addition to place-specific history, local feedback loops and indirect effects need to be better accounted for to understand these responses to change at various scales. The results of this study are expected to contribute to the basis of scenario planning in the region.

A Framework for the Development of Technical Requirements for Renewable Energy Systems at a Small-Scale Airport Facility

2015 ◽  
Author(s):  
Troy V. Nguyen ◽  
Aldo Fabregas Ariza ◽  
Nicholas W. Miller ◽  
Ismael Cremer
Keyword(s):  
Renewable Energy ◽  
Renewable Energy Sources ◽  
Energy Systems ◽  
Clean Energy ◽  
Target System ◽  
Energy Sources ◽  
Small Scale ◽  
Renewable Energy Systems ◽  
Technical Requirements

Airports are key components of the global transportation system and are the subject of continuous sustainability improvements. Promoting clean energy sources and energy-efficient practices can help attain major sustainability goals at airports around the world. Although small airports are greater in number, most of the “sustainability” attention has been given to large airports. Small airports are typically located in rural areas, making them excellent candidates for renewable energy. This paper focuses on the planning and selection of renewable energy systems as a strategic method to reduce energy use and increase electric power reliability at small-scale airport facilities. The target system may use a combination of renewable energy sources to produce electrical power for the on-site facilities. The framework details include methods of energy collection, power production, and energy storage that are environmentally sound. A small airport serving a dual role as a flight training facility was used as case study. In the case study, systems engineering methodology was adapted to the small airport/ renewable energy domain in order to effectively identify stakeholders and elicit user requirements. These, coupled with industrial standards, relevant government regulations, and a priori constraints, are used to derive the initial requirements that serve as the basis for a preliminary design. The proposed framework also contains provisions for an on-site assessment of existing airport energy needs, sources, providers, and location-specific assets and challenges.

scholarly journals Ecological Correlates of 20-Year Population Trends of Wintering Waterbirds in Deep Bay, South China

2021 ◽  
Vol 9 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yik-Hei Sung ◽  
Chun-chiu Pang ◽  
Tom Chung-hoi Li ◽  
Paulina Pui Yun Wong ◽  
Yat-tung Yu
Keyword(s):  
South China ◽  
Population Trends ◽  
The Yellow Sea ◽  
Bay Area ◽  
Waterbird Species ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Conservation Actions ◽  
Deep Bay

Along the East Asian-Australasian flyway (EAAF), waterbirds are threatened by a wide range of human activities. Studies have shown that wintering populations of many species have declined in Australia and Japan; however, long term data along China’s coast are limited. In this study, we analyzed data collected from monthly bird surveys to quantify population trends of wintering waterbirds from 1998 to 2017 in the Deep Bay area, South China. Of the 42 species studied, 12 declined, while nine increased significantly. Phylogenetic comparative analysis revealed that population trends were negatively correlated to reliance on the Yellow Sea and body size. Further, waterbird species breeding in Southern Siberia declined more than those breeding in East Asia. These findings, coupled with a relatively high number of increasing species, support the continual preservation of wetlands in the Deep Bay area. This study provides another case study showing that data collected from wintering sites provide insights on the threats along migratory pathway and inform conservation actions. As such, we encourage population surveys in the EAAF to continue, particularly along the coast of China.

scholarly journals An assignment based on data driven journalism: a case study

2012 ◽  
Author(s):  
Vanessa Simonite
Keyword(s):  
Academic Writing ◽  
Digital Literacy ◽  
Research Question ◽  
Open Data ◽  
Data Driven ◽  
Small Scale ◽  
The Public ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Writing Assignment

In a module designed to develop skills in presenting and evaluating statistics, students of mathematics and statistics were given an assignment asking them to research and write a piece of data driven journalism. Data driven journalism is a new phenomenon which has expanded rapidly due to the growth in open data, new visualisation tools and online reporting in newspapers, periodicals and blogs. The assignment provided students with a writing assignment that was individual, small-scale, research-based and embedded within their discipline. The students were asked to formulate a research question that could be investigated using survey data available from an electronic data archive. The result of the investigation was to be written up as a piece of data driven journalism for online publication, including a data visualisation. In addition to using discipline-based skills and written communication, the assignment required students to use research skills and digital literacy. An assignment set in the context of writing for the public extends students’ writing experience beyond the domains of discipline-based professional reports and academic writing. Data driven journalism provides opportunities to develop students’ writing alongside other skills for employment and can be used to design assessments for a wide range of disciplines.

scholarly journals Using the DCC Lifecycle Model to Curate a Gene Expression Database: A Case Study

2009 ◽  
Vol 4 (3) ◽  
pp. 57-70
Author(s):  
Jean O’Donoghue ◽  
Jano I. Van Hemert
Keyword(s):  
Gene Expression ◽  
Developmental Gene ◽  
Design Study ◽  
Developmental Gene Expression ◽  
Digital Curation ◽  
Early Human Development ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Early Human

Developmental Gene Expression Map (DGEMap) is an EU-funded Design Study, which will accelerate an integrated European approach to gene expression in early human development. As part of this design study, we have had to address the challenges and issues raised by the long-term curation of such a resource. As this project is primarily one of data creators, learning about curation, we have been looking at some of the models and tools that are already available in the digital curation field in order to inform our thinking on how we should proceed with curating DGEMap. This has led us to uncover a wide range of resources for data creators and curators alike. Here we will discuss the future curation of DGEMap as a case study. We believe our experience could be instructive to other projects looking to improve the curation and management of their data.

scholarly journals Exploring sustainability of affordability initiatives: a library case study

2020 ◽  
Vol 48 (3) ◽  
pp. 447-456
Author(s):  
Jeanne Hoover ◽  
Cindy Shirkey ◽  
Lisa Sheets Barricella
Keyword(s):  
Student Success ◽  
Design Methodology ◽  
Streaming Video ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Sustainability Analysis ◽  
Grant Program ◽  
The Cost ◽  
East Carolina University

Purpose The cost of textbooks continues to rise for college students along with the cost of tuition. These costs can impact student success. In response to the rising costs, higher education institutions have started affordability initiatives. These initiatives are frequently housed in academic libraries. Joyner Library at East Carolina University (ECU) addresses affordability through three initiatives: Course-Adopted Textbook program, Alternative Textbook Mini-Grant program and Streaming Video licensing. Design/methodology/approach This paper will explore the above-mentioned three programs in-depth and perform a sustainability analysis on each program. Findings After reviewing the affordability initiatives discussed in the case study, the authors found that there were varying degrees of sustainability for the programs. Originality/value ECU is not alone in addressing affordability through multiple initiatives, and this case study paper will address long-term sustainability of these initiatives, especially during a time when libraries are experiencing shrinking budgets.

scholarly journals Small Scale Fisheries, Dolphins and Societal Challenges: A Case Study in the City of Volos, Greece

Conservation ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 1 (2) ◽  
pp. 81-91
Author(s):  
Stergios V. Pardalis ◽  
Anastasia Komnenou ◽  
Athanasios Exadactylos ◽  
Georgios A. Gkafas
Keyword(s):  
Marine Mammals ◽  
Economic Loss ◽  
Small Scale ◽  
Ecological Niches ◽  
Small Scale Fisheries ◽  
Societal Challenges ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
The City ◽  
Shed Light

Existing literature on dolphin-fisheries interaction focused on Greece reveals both an undeveloped area for research, but also a lack of relevant data in this field. Although imperative, relevant research has been slow on innovation and cooperation among universities, official bureaus, and NGOs that are obliged to work together as European and national laws dictate. Most of the research in this new field focuses on the interaction between marine mammals and local fisheries, suggesting that this relationship may be problematic for both parties since the former are being treated (at least occasionally) with brutality, while the latter try to deal with economic loss. Dolphins and fishermen operate within the same ecological niches for their survival, the main area of conflict being nutritious fish. Anthropological research on ethnic identity has long dealt with antagonistic relationships over resources between adjacent groups of people. Marine biologists’ research in Greece focuses on the human factor, and some of its shortcomings may well be seen as the result of limited, or an absence of, training in social sciences. This article attempts to draw from anthropological theory to shed light on a particular symbiosis between humans and dolphins. Multidisciplinary approaches gain ground in a wide range of research interests and seem to be fruitful in terms of theoretical and practical results.

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