scholarly journals Groundwater Extraction in Floodplain Forests Reduces Radial Growth and Increases Summer Drought Sensitivity of Pedunculate Oak Trees (Quercus robur L.)

2019 ◽  
Vol 2 ◽  
Author(s):  
Georgios Skiadaresis ◽  
Julia A. Schwarz ◽  
Jürgen Bauhus
Keyword(s):  
Radial Growth ◽  
Quercus Robur ◽  
Summer Drought ◽  
Pedunculate Oak ◽  
Floodplain Forests ◽  
Groundwater Extraction ◽  
Drought Sensitivity ◽  
Oak Trees

scholarly journals Appreciation of tolerance at the impact of thermal stress on photosystem ii activity in the leaves of pedunculate oak (Quercus robur L.) trees of different ecological origin

2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (1(22)) ◽  
pp. 13-20
Author(s):  
Petru Cuza ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Thermal Stress ◽  
Photosystem Ii ◽  
Quercus Robur ◽  
Central Area ◽  
Extreme Weather Events ◽  
Pedunculate Oak ◽  
Adaptation Capacity ◽  
Oak Trees ◽  
Photosystem Ii Activity ◽  
The Impact

Extreme weather events with high temperatures and strong sunlight have increased alarmingly in the last few decades, considerable affecting plant photosynthesis. In this study, the impact of thermal stress on photosystem II activity in the leaves of pedunculate oak trees (Quercus robur L.) of different ecological origin was assessed. Four days after the thermal shock application with a temperature of 50°C during 20, 40, 60 minutes, the processes of recovery on photosystem II activity in the leaves of the oak trees in the investigated provenances took place with different speed and fullness. The recovery of the functional state of photosystem II in the leaves of the trees showed that in the environmental conditions of the ,,Plaiul Fagului” reservation territory an advanced thermotolerance to the thermal stress action was specifi c for the origin from the north of the country (Edinet). The leaves of the trees of local and southern origin showed a low resistance to the thermal stress action. The advanced adaptation capacity, the high growth rate of the trees from the northern provenance suggest that the acorn harvested from the oaks of northern origin can be used for the works of extension of the afforestation areas in the central area of the Republic of Moldova.

Soil moisture as a reliable pedunculate oak (Quercus robur L.) radial growth driver

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Saša Kostić ◽  
Wolfgang Wagner ◽  
Tom Levanič ◽  
Tzvetan Zlatanov ◽  
Ernest Goršić ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Soil Moisture ◽  
Tree Ring ◽  
Radial Growth ◽  
Quercus Robur ◽  
Mixed Model ◽  
New Technologies ◽  
Ring Width ◽  
Correlation Technique ◽  
Pedunculate Oak ◽  
Tree Ring Width

<p>New technologies, such as satellites and sensors, provide a wealth of new information about all ecosystems. In dendrochronological studies, all drought-related factors are of great importance for a more comprehensive understanding of associations between radial growth and water loss. Soil moisture directly reflects the wetness of immediate root surroundings, which is vital to the water uptake by trees. Owing to the advances in satellite observation systems and sensors, soil moisture (SM) can be remotely measured, opening new window in dendrochronological research.</p><p>Using the pedunculate oak (Quercus robur L.) lowland SE Europe forests dataset, which count 23 stands and more than 300 tree ring width (TRW) series, we observed reliable associations between satellite-based SM and TRW. Specifically, we observed different TRW−SM patterns based on the precipitation regime. SM in the hottest months (July and August) boosted radial growth, whereas opposite results were noted in the wettest spring months oaks that growing in wetter stands. Unlike oaks from drier and wetter stands that exhibited strong response to SM, those growing on moderately wet (optimal) stands are less sensitive to SM, making these stands optimal oak surroundings.</p><p>On the other hand, by applying a Generalized Additive Mixed Model (GAMM), we noted moderate−weak interactions between TRW series and smoothed SM timescales, with stronger deviations in extreme dry/wet years. Based on the TRW sensitivity to SM findings, which were interpreted via Pearson’s correlation technique and GAMM modeling, strong relations can be inferred, and SM can be labelled as reliable pedunculate oak driver.</p><p><strong>Keywords:</strong> Forestry, Remote sensing, Dendrochronology, Soil moisture, Pedunculate oak, GAMM</p><p><strong>Acknowledgments:</strong> This research was supported by the Science Fund of the Republic of Serbia, PROMIS, #6066697, TreeVita.</p><p><strong>Note:</strong> This contribution is a summary of a study by Kostić S, Wagner W, Orlović S, Levanič T, Zlatanov T, Goršić E, Kesić L, Matović B, Tsvetanov N, Stojanović DB. Different tree-ring width sensitivities to satellite-based soil moisture from drier, moderate and wetter pedunculate oak (Quercus robur L.) stands across a southeastern distribution margin (In press)</p>

Current state and longevity forecast of oak trees in the Gornensky State Nature Reserve

2020 ◽  
pp. 3-21
Author(s):  
С.Н. Кружилин ◽  
Т.Ю. Баранова ◽  
А.А. Багдасарян
Keyword(s):  
Quercus Robur ◽  
Economic Value ◽  
Soil Surface ◽  
Pedunculate Oak ◽  
Oak Trees ◽  
Yield Class ◽  
Protected Natural Area ◽  
Leading Position ◽  
State Nature Reserve ◽  
Growing Conditions

Государственный природный заказник "Горненский", расположенный в центральной части Ростовской области, являясь особо охраняемой природной территорией областного значения, имеет уникальные объекты, представленные искусственно созданными лесными насаждениями дуба черешчатого (Quercus robur L.). В современном лесном хозяйстве черноземной зоны дуб черешчатый продолжает занимать лидирующие позиции по хозяйственному значению. Большое внимание при выращивании леса уделяется продуктивности. Насаждения, устойчивые насаждение к болезням, вредителям и неблагоприятным природным явлениям, всегда являются продуктивными и имеют большой показатель запаса древесины на единицу площади. Усыхание дубрав в последние годы становится актуальной проблемой. Основными факторами этих процессов являются повреждения вредителями и инфекционными заболеваниями. Повышению устойчивости деревьев дуба черешчатого в насаждениях способствуют своевременные рубки ухода. Авторы провели анализ посадок дуба черешчатого, сформированных с участием основной сопутствующей породы – клена остролистного. Исследовано 2 варианта лесных культур дуба в условиях сухой дубравы (Д1), определены лесоводственно-таксационные показатели в разные возрастные периоды. Отмечается, что при отсутствии в них плановых рубок ухода в периоды с 25 до 40 и с 35 до 50 лет происходит падение бонитета с 1 до 2 класса. Наряду с этим отмечается суховершинность деревьев, что приводит к задернению поверхности почвы и, соответственно изменению условий произрастания. The Gornensky State NatureReserve,situated in the central part of the Rostov Region, isa protected natural area of regional significance. The reserve contains unique objects, represented by artificially created forest stands of pedunculate oak (Quercus robur L.). In the modern forestry of the Chernozem zone,pedunculate oak continues to take a leading position in terms of its economic value. Much attention is paid to productivity when growing forests. Plantings that are resistant to diseases, pests, and adverse natural phenomena are always productive and have a large stock of wood per unit area. The diebackof oak forests has become an urgent problem in recent years. The main factors of these processes are damage by pests and infectious diseases. Timely improvement felling of oak trees helps to increase the stability of the stands. The authors analyzed plantings of petiolate oak formed with the participation of the main accompanying species– Norwaymaple. Twovariants of forest oak plantationsin the conditions of a dry oak forest (D1) were studied, and forestry and taxation indicators were determined for different age periods. It is noted that in the absence of planned improvement felling in the periods from 25 to 40 and from 35 to 50 years, there is a drop in the yield class from 1 to 2. Along with this, the diebackof trees is noted, which results inthe grassing-downof the soil surface and, accordingly, changes in the growing conditions.

scholarly journals The most frequent powdery mildews on forest woody species and their impact

2005 ◽  
pp. 9-29 ◽  
Author(s):  
Dragan Karadzic ◽  
Tanja Milijasevic
Keyword(s):  
Powdery Mildew ◽  
Gypsy Moth ◽  
Natural Regeneration ◽  
Quercus Robur ◽  
Woody Species ◽  
Pedunculate Oak ◽  
Forest Trees ◽  
Fungus Species ◽  
Powdery Mildews ◽  
Oak Trees

The most frequent fungus species known as powdery mildews, causing the diseases of forest trees, were studied. Among forest woody species, oaks are especially susceptible to powdery mildew attack, and among them pedunculate oak (Quercus robur L) is highly endangered. This paper reports 49 species of powdery mildews. However, Microsphaera alphitoides has the greatest significance in forest economy, causing the decline of seedlings in nurseries and also aggravating the natural regeneration of pedunculate oak. This fungus, together with gypsy moth and honey fungus (Armillaria mellea) participates in the dying of old oak trees. Powdery mildews can be successfully controlled by fungicides, and sulphur fungicides Karatan and Rubigan are especially effective.

scholarly journals Condition, protection and maintenance of age-old pedunculate oak trees in Feofania forest

2018 ◽  
Vol 29 (1) ◽  
pp. 36-41
Author(s):  
Yu. S. Prokopuk ◽  
Ya. I. Krylov
Keyword(s):  
Tree Ring ◽  
Radial Growth ◽  
Pedunculate Oak ◽  
Individual Tree ◽  
Average Value ◽  
Cambial Age ◽  
Oak Trees ◽  
The Individual ◽  
Old Trees ◽  
Individual Series

Large old trees are significant elements of forests, arboretums, botanical gardens and parks and perform a number of unique functions contributing to ecosystem integrity and biodiversity. At the same time human activities such as compaction of topsoil layers, deterioration of soil permeability and soil aeration drive the decline of large old trees. The human impact is also exacerbated by plants inevitable physiological age-specific changes. The presence of such old trees in urban environments brings great scientific promises enhancing a social, cultural and historical forest value, although these benefits increase responsibility for trees maintaining. Regarding old-growth trees historical, cultural, and environmental significance and their overall vulnerability, the individual-by-individual tree protection measures are required. Pedunculate oak (Quercus robur L.) is among the most widespread long-lived species in Europe, in particular in Ukraine. In Feofania (or Theophania) forest, that is an oak-hornbeam forest located in southern part in Kyiv, the age of the oldest oak trees reaches about 300 years. In this article, we aim to estimate vitality, overall condition, and recreational digression stages of pedunculate oak trees and to develop the recommendations to maintain and extend trees longevity in Feofania forest. We estimate the stages of recreational digression and vitality using an approach of Hensiruk et al. (1987) and Sanitary Regulations in forests of Ukraine (1995) respectively. The dendrochronological analysis is performed on core samples from sixteen age-old pedunculate oaks in order to determine their exact cambial age and to evaluate their growth rates. We use at least two cores per tree extracted at a height from 0.5 m to 1.3 m above ground level with an increment borer. The tree-ring widths are measured using AxioVision (Carl Zeiss) software to the nearest 0.01 mm. To identify false rings we employ stereomicroscope MBS-1. The individual tree-ring series are cross-dated, standardized and checked using the COFECHA program. Then we determine exact cambial age of oak trees as number of tree-rings in individual series. To estimate the age of trees with cores without pith we use a graphical method. The analyze is performed on 42 increment cores containing 7335 annual rings formed in the period from 1746 to 2016. Measured diameter of the age-old oaks ranges from 57.6 cm to 165.2 cm. The longest chronological series contains 271 years. The age of studied trees varies from 202 to 275 years averaging 175 years and radial growth ranges from 1.07±0.400 mm to 2.85±1.487 mm averaging 1.95±0.792 mm. In recent years the reduction of radial growth isn’t observed, although in a long time interval in five studied trees the rings width not exceeds the individual series average value. However, the growth rate reducing could not be regarded as critical for trees vitality because it is above 10 % of the average value yet. The evaluated mean increment coefficient is 5.13±1.482 years in cm that allows to estimate the age of dominant and codominant oaks in the association of Galeobdoloni luteae-Carpinetum in other forests. The estimated vitality is mostly of 6–7 points. Five oaks are in «satisfactory condition», nine oaks are «weakened», one oak is «very weakened» and one tree is «dying». «Weakened» trees are with mechanically damaged stem and are often suffered from leaves defoliation caused by Acrocercops brongniardella and Microsphaera alphitoides. Regarding wood samples maintenance, the «dying» oak stem is found rotted in its center. The recreational digression is at the stage 1–4. For eight oaks it is at the first stage, for four oaks at the second stage, for two oaks at the third stage and for two oaks at the fourth stage with 60 % destruction of the understorey. The number of age-old Q. robur trees is limited, thus measures to care could consider individual tree-specific features. Given trees vitality and stages of recreational digression, we develop the guidelines to preserve and extend trees longevity. We also propose to include four old-growth oaks in the list of monumental plants.

scholarly journals Impact of Gene Flow and Introgression on the Range Wide Genetic Structure of Quercus robur (L.) in Europe

Forests ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 12 (10) ◽  
pp. 1425
Author(s):  
Bernd Degen ◽  
Yulai Yanbaev ◽  
Malte Mader ◽  
Ruslan Ianbaev ◽  
Svetlana Bakhtina ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Gene Flow ◽  
Genetic Structure ◽  
Quercus Robur ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Nuclear Gene ◽  
Quercus Petraea ◽  
Pedunculate Oak ◽  
Gene Markers ◽  
Oak Trees ◽  
Postglacial Recolonization

As for most other temperate broadleaved tree species, large-scale genetic inventories of pedunculate oak (Quercus robur L.) have focused on the plastidial genome, which showed the impact of post-glacial recolonization and manmade seed transfer. However, how have pollen mediated gene flow and introgression impacted the large-scale genetic structure? To answer these questions, we did a genetic inventory on 1970 pedunculate oak trees from 197 locations in 13 European countries. All samples were screened with a targeted sequencing approach on a set of 381 polymorphic loci (356 nuclear SNPs, 3 nuclear InDels, 17 chloroplast SNPs, and 5 mitochondrial SNPs). In a former analysis with additional 1763 putative Quercus petraea trees screened for the same gene markers we obtained estimates on the species admixture of all pedunculate oak trees. We identified 13 plastidial haplotypes, which showed a strong spatial pattern with a highly significant autocorrelation up to a range of 1250 km. Significant spatial genetic structure up to 1250 km was also observed at the nuclear loci. However, the differentiation at the nuclear gene markers was much lower compared to the organelle gene markers. The matrix of genetic distances among locations was partially correlated between nuclear and organelle genomes. Bayesian clustering analysis revealed the best fit to the data for a sub-division into two gene pools. One gene pool is dominating the west and the other is the most abundant in the east. The western gene pool was significantly influenced by introgression from Quercus petraea in the past. In Germany, we identified a contact zone of pedunculate oaks with different introgression intensity, likely resulting from different historical levels of introgression in glacial refugia or during postglacial recolonization. The main directions of postglacial recolonization were south to north and south to northwest in West and Central Europe, and for the eastern haplotypes also east to west in Central Europe. By contrast, the pollen mediated gene flow and introgression from Q. petraea modified the large-scale structure at the nuclear gene markers with significant west–east direction.

scholarly journals Genetic differentiation of Quercus robur in the South-Ural

2019 ◽  
Vol 68 (1) ◽  
pp. 111-115 ◽  
Author(s):  
Bernd Degen ◽  
Ruslan Yanbaev ◽  
Yulai Yanbaev
Keyword(s):  
Genetic Differentiation ◽  
Species Distribution ◽  
Quercus Robur ◽  
Distribution Area ◽  
Pedunculate Oak ◽  
The South ◽  
Ural Mountains ◽  
Genetic Groups ◽  
Oak Trees ◽  
Nuclear Microsatellite

Abstract We studied the genetic composition of 200 pedunculate oak (Quercus robur) trees at nine nuclear microsatellite gene loci. We sampled nine locations in an area of 1100 km by 400 km in the South-Ural. The question was to analyse the genetic differentiation of the oaks at the south-east edge of the species distribution area. We observed relatively high values of genetic differentiation and fixation (delta=0.387, FST=0.0652, FST(Hedrick)=0.407) compared to values from the centre of the species distribution range. Bayesian clustering analysis revealed three genetic groups. Presence of all genetic groups was detected at all locations, but oak trees in the extreme east of the Ural Mountains were genetically most different. We hypothesise that genetic drift influenced the observed pattern.

scholarly journals Production of valuable oak wood in Europe

2021 ◽  
Vol 64 (1) ◽  
pp. 5-12
Author(s):  
Heinrich Spiecker
Keyword(s):  
Quercus Robur ◽  
Phase 1 ◽  
Large Dimension ◽  
Diameter Growth ◽  
Pedunculate Oak ◽  
Phase 2 ◽  
Oak Wood ◽  
Sessile Oak ◽  
Oak Trees ◽  
Quantitative Basis

Large dimension branch free wood of pedunculate oak (Quercus robur L.) and sessile oak (Q. petraea (Matt.) Liebl.) is highly valued, while small sized and low-quality oak timber generate little income. This paper describes how large dimensions of branch free wood can be produced by applying appropriate silvicultural measures. The results are based on measurements of oak trees in various regions in Germany and Denmark. Two management phases are distinguished: In phase 1 pruning is emphasized and at the beginning of phase 2 future crop trees are selected to promote diameter growth of these oak trees. The resulting guidelines provide a quantitative basis for objective-oriented oak management.

scholarly journals Evaluation of the degree of healthiness of the pedunculate oak (Quercus robur L.) acorns in the Włoszczowa– Jędrzejów Nature Park and its neighbouring area

2017 ◽  
Vol 28 (1) ◽  
pp. 14-19 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jolanta Bąk-Badowska ◽  
Ilona Żeber-Dzikowska ◽  
Jarosław Chmielewski
Keyword(s):  
Protected Area ◽  
Quercus Robur ◽  
Pedunculate Oak ◽  
Polluted Environment ◽  
Industrial Firm ◽  
Research Material ◽  
Oak Trees ◽  
Nature Park ◽  
Neighbouring Area ◽  
Study Sites

Abstract The aim of the study was to demonstrate the degree of healthiness of the pedunculate oak (Quercus robur) acorns found in the Włoszczowa-Jędrzejów Nature Park (abbreviation: W-JOChK) and in the neighbouring area. It was dealt with by making the analysis of health of the acorns (total 3,600). The research material included the samples of fallen down acorns, collected under the pedunculate oaks in Kurzelów (W-JOChK), as well as Żelisławice. The study was conducted from late September 2014 to early October 2015. The analysis of acorns demonstrated that over 50% of the acorns were damaged by insects. The ‘perpetrators’ of the damage proved to be Curculio glandium (Coleoptera: Curculionidae - acorn weevil) and Cydia splendana (Lepidoptera: Tortricidae - chestnut tortrix). It was stated that acorns from the pedunculate oak trees, which were found on the protected area, were twice less frequently inhabited by Curculio glandium than those originating from the trees in Żelisławice - near the industrial firm. The damages caused by Cydia splendana in both study sites were similar in number. The results indicate that the acorns of oaks in more polluted environment are probably more vulnerable to infestation by insects.

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