scholarly journals Bark Effects on Stemflow Chemistry in a Japanese Temperate Forest II. The Role of Bark Anatomical Features

2021 ◽  
Vol 4 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ayano Oka ◽  
Junko Takahashi ◽  
Yoshikazu Endoh ◽  
Tatsuyuki Seino
Keyword(s):  
Soil Surface ◽  
Nutrient Cycle ◽  
Water Leaching ◽  
Anatomical Features ◽  
Resource Storage ◽  
Bark Anatomy ◽  
Species Specific ◽  
And Control ◽  
Future Work

A fraction of rainfall drains to the soil surface down tree stems (as “stemflow”), and the resulting stemflow waters can be highly enriched with dissolved nutrients due to prolonged bark contact. To date, stemflow chemistry has been examined mostly in regards to the external morphology of the bark, while its relationship with bark anatomy has received little attention. Arguably, this represents a major knowledge gap, because bark anatomical traits are linked to the storage and transport of soluble (and insoluble) organic materials, and control the proximity of these materials to passing stemflow waters. To initiate this line of investigation, here, we examine bark-water leaching rates for common leachable macronutrient ions (Mg2+, Ca2+, and K+) across six different tree species with varying bark anatomical traits (four deciduous broadleaved and two evergreen coniferous species). These different bark types were subjected to laboratory experiments, including observations of bark anatomy and soaking experiments. Laboratory-derived estimates of leaching rates for Mg2+, Ca2+, and K+ were then analyzed alongside bark anatomical traits. Leaching rates of Mg2+ and Ca2+ appear to be controlled by the thickness of the rhytidome and periderm; while K+ leaching rates appeared to be driven by the presence of cellular structures associated with resource storage (parenchyma) and transfer (sieve cells). Other species-specific results are also identified and discussed. These results suggest that the anatomical features of bark and the concentration of leachable macronutrient ions in stemflow are related, and that these relationships may be important to understand nutrient cycle through the bark. We also conclude that future work on the mechanisms underlying stemflow solute enrichment should consider bark anatomy.

Pre-service music teachers' satisfaction: person–environment fit approach

2012 ◽  
Vol 29 (3) ◽  
pp. 371-385 ◽  
Author(s):  
Serkan Perkmen ◽  
Beste Cevik ◽  
Mahir Alkan
Keyword(s):  
Music Education ◽  
Music Teachers ◽  
Music Teacher ◽  
Theoretical Frameworks ◽  
Vocational Satisfaction ◽  
Highly Correlated ◽  
Service Music ◽  
And Control ◽  
Future Work

Guided by three theoretical frameworks in vocational psychology, (i) theory of work adjustment, (ii) two factor theory, and (iii) value discrepancy theory, the purpose of this study was to investigate Turkish pre-service music teachers' values and the role of fit between person and environment in understanding vocational satisfaction. Participants were 85 students enrolled in the department of music education in a Turkish university. The Minnesota Importance Questionnaire (MIQ) was used to examine the participants’ values in six dimensions: achievement, comfort, status, altruism, safety and autonomy. Results revealed that the pre-service teachers value achievement most followed by autonomy, which suggests that they would like to have a sense of accomplishment and control in their future job. The degree to which their values fit their predictions about future work environment was found to be highly correlated with vocational satisfaction. These results provided evidence that the vocational theories used in the current study offers a helpful and different perspective to understand the pre-service teachers' satisfaction with becoming a music teacher in the future. We believe that researchers in the field of music education may use these theories and MIQ to examine the role of values in pre-service and in-service music teachers' job satisfaction.

scholarly journals Watching over or Working with? Understanding Social Work Innovation in Response to Extra-Familial Harm

2020 ◽  
Vol 9 (4) ◽  
pp. 37 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lauren Elizabeth Wroe ◽  
Jenny Lloyd
Keyword(s):  
Social Work ◽  
Case Studies ◽  
Analytical Framework ◽  
Analytic Framework ◽  
England And Wales ◽  
Critical Issues ◽  
And Control ◽  
Future Work ◽  
Public Bodies

This paper critically reflects on the role of surveillance and trusted relationships in social work in England and Wales. It explores the characteristics of relationships of trust and relationships of surveillance and asks how these approaches apply to emerging policy and practices responses to extra-familial forms of harm (EFH). Five bodies of research that explore safeguarding responses across a range of public bodies are drawn on to present an analytical framework that explores elements of safeguarding responses, constituting relationships of trust or relationships of surveillance and control. This analytic framework is applied to two case studies, each of which detail a recent practice innovation in response to EFH studied by the authors, as part of a larger body of work under the Contextual Safeguarding programme. The application of this framework signals a number of critical issues related to the focus/rationale, methods and impact of interventions into EFH that should be considered in future work to address EFH, to ensure young people’s rights to privacy and participation are upheld.

Knowledge Management

2012 ◽  
Vol 3 (3) ◽  
pp. 58-67 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hesham Bin-Abbas ◽  
Saad Haj Bakry
Keyword(s):  
Knowledge Management ◽  
Six Sigma ◽  
Knowledge Society ◽  
Control Process ◽  
Economic Benefits ◽  
Knowledge Based ◽  
Multi Level ◽  
And Control ◽  
Future Work

Building a knowledge-based society is widely recognized as leading to human, social and economic benefits. This paper explores the issue of using knowledge management as an instrument for the development and sustainability of this knowledge society. The paper attempts to achieve its purpose through four main integrated steps: providing a brief review of knowledge management and the knowledge society; viewing knowledge management according to the STOPE “strategy, technology, organization, people and the environment” scope; incorporating knowledge management into the six-sigma DMAIC “define, measure, analyze, improve, and control” process; and deriving observations on the outcome, and producing guidelines for future work. The paper emphasizes the claim that developing and continuously sustaining the knowledge society can be achieved by applying knowledge management through building it into the STOPE scope and the six-sigma process, and by considering the multi-level nature of the society. The paper enjoys a high potential as a guide to knowledge management driven development and sustainability of the knowledge society at all levels. This would be beneficial to all those interested and concerned with supporting the role of knowledge in their own societies.

scholarly journals Hypoblast Formation in Bovine Embryos Does Not Depend on NANOG

Cells ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (9) ◽  
pp. 2232 ◽  
Author(s):  
Claudia Springer ◽  
Valeri Zakhartchenko ◽  
Eckhard Wolf ◽  
Kilian Simmet
Keyword(s):  
Inner Cell Mass ◽  
Cell Mass ◽  
Model Organism ◽  
Cell Number ◽  
Blastocyst Stage ◽  
Bovine Embryo ◽  
Lineage Differentiation ◽  
Species Specific ◽  
And Control

The role of the pluripotency factor NANOG during the second embryonic lineage differentiation has been studied extensively in mouse, although species-specific differences exist. To elucidate the role of NANOG in an alternative model organism, we knocked out NANOG in fibroblast cells and produced bovine NANOG-knockout (KO) embryos via somatic cell nuclear transfer (SCNT). At day 8, NANOG-KO blastocysts showed a decreased total cell number when compared to controls from SCNT (NT Ctrl). The pluripotency factors OCT4 and SOX2 as well as the hypoblast (HB) marker GATA6 were co-expressed in all cells of the inner cell mass (ICM) and, in contrast to mouse Nanog-KO, expression of the late HB marker SOX17 was still present. We blocked the MEK-pathway with a MEK 1/2 inhibitor, and control embryos showed an increase in NANOG positive cells, but SOX17 expressing HB precursor cells were still present. NANOG-KO together with MEK-inhibition was lethal before blastocyst stage, similarly to findings in mouse. Supplementation of exogenous FGF4 to NANOG-KO embryos did not change SOX17 expression in the ICM, unlike mouse Nanog-KO embryos, where missing SOX17 expression was completely rescued by FGF4. We conclude that NANOG mediated FGF/MEK signaling is not required for HB formation in the bovine embryo and that another—so far unknown—pathway regulates HB differentiation.

Employees factors importance in Lean Six Sigma concept

2016 ◽  
Vol 28 (5) ◽  
pp. 774-785 ◽  
Author(s):  
Vesna Spasojevic Brkic ◽  
Branislav Tomic
Keyword(s):  
Supply Chain ◽  
Six Sigma ◽  
Structural Equation ◽  
Lean Six Sigma ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Content Type ◽  
And Control ◽  
Future Work ◽  
Response Variables

Purpose – Lean management and Six Sigma concepts are derived from two different points of view, but it is evident that the role of employees is crucial in both concepts. The purpose of this paper is to survey which employees’ behaviour dimensions can lead organization to better concepts integration and how Lean Six Sigma activity contributes to employees’ performance. Design/methodology/approach – Research methodology is designed to empirically check, on large sample of companies in multinational company supply chain, if employees’ factors are both predictor and response variables of Lean Six Sigma concept. To check stated hypothesis factor, reliability and multiple regression analysis are used. Findings – The first finding of this study is that reward system and training are significant predictors of Lean Six Sigma activities. The second part of findings shows that Lean Six Sigma dimensions, such as Define, Measure, Analyze, Improve, and Control/Define, Measure, Analyze, Design, and Validate, 5S and Kanban positively influences employees’ performance, described by employee satisfaction, absenteeism, salaries and benefits, employees’ commitment and employee turnover rate. Research limitations/implications – Poka-Yoke application is not found as a significant predictor of employees’ performance. Accordingly, to explore that interesting finding, possible future research topic is more detailed analysis of Poka-Yoke application in similar supply chains. A longitudinal analysis using structural equation is possible direction of future work, too. Practical implications – This survey answers the need for Lean and Six Sigma unified methodology achievement in soft factors area and gives applicable results for companies in supply chain that produces low-volume, high-complexity products. Originality/value – Original and valuable conclusion is that employees’ factors are both predictor and response variables of Lean Six Sigma concept application.

scholarly journals Models of communication and control for brain networks: distinctions, convergence, and future outlook

2020 ◽  
Vol 4 (4) ◽  
pp. 1122-1159 ◽  
Author(s):  
Pragya Srivastava ◽  
Erfan Nozari ◽  
Jason Z. Kim ◽  
Harang Ju ◽  
Dale Zhou ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
White Matter ◽  
Human Brain ◽  
Computational Models ◽  
Critical Role ◽  
Brain Networks ◽  
Signal Propagation ◽  
Network Control ◽  
And Control ◽  
Future Work

Recent advances in computational models of signal propagation and routing in the human brain have underscored the critical role of white-matter structure. A complementary approach has utilized the framework of network control theory to better understand how white matter constrains the manner in which a region or set of regions can direct or control the activity of other regions. Despite the potential for both of these approaches to enhance our understanding of the role of network structure in brain function, little work has sought to understand the relations between them. Here, we seek to explicitly bridge computational models of communication and principles of network control in a conceptual review of the current literature. By drawing comparisons between communication and control models in terms of the level of abstraction, the dynamical complexity, the dependence on network attributes, and the interplay of multiple spatiotemporal scales, we highlight the convergence of and distinctions between the two frameworks. Based on the understanding of the intertwined nature of communication and control in human brain networks, this work provides an integrative perspective for the field and outlines exciting directions for future work.

A comparative study of the seed germination biology of a narrow endemic and two geographically-widespread species ofSolidago(Asteraceae). 4. Role of soil moisture in regulating germination

1997 ◽  
Vol 7 (3) ◽  
pp. 303-310 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jeffrey L. Walck ◽  
Jerry M. Baskin ◽  
Carol C. Baskin
Keyword(s):  
Soil Moisture ◽  
Seed Germination ◽  
Soil Surface ◽  
The Other ◽  
Ecological Implication ◽  
Widespread Species ◽  
Rainfall Events ◽  
Narrow Endemic ◽  
And Control

AbstractSeeds of the narrow-endemicSolidago shortiiand of the geographically-widespreadS. altissimaandS. nemoralisburied in December 1993 were exhumed in June 1995 and given 10 cycles of 1 day wet/5 days dry, 9 of 2/5, 8 of 3/5, 7 of 4/5 and 6 of 5/5 in light at 30/15°C; the control was kept continuously wet during the experiment. Seeds of the three species incubated on wet substrate for 3, 4 or 5 days germinated to ≥47% during the first cycle. On the other hand, seeds kept moist 2 days germinated to only 4–26% in the first cycle, and none kept moist for 1 day germinated. Cumulative germination percentages of seeds of all three species at the end of the final cycle of the 1/5 treatment were 0–4%. In the 2/5 treatment, cumulative germination percentages ofS. altissimaandS. shortiiseeds at the end of the final cycle were 50 and 41%, respectively, but that ofS. nemoraliswas only 4%. For all three species, cumulative germination percentages were ≥55% at the end of the final cycle of the 3/5, 4/5 and 5/5 treatments. Control seeds of the three species germinated to 85–99% after 2 weeks, and no additional seeds germinated during the remainder of the experiment. High percentages of seeds were viable in the treatments and control at the end of the experiment; however, some seeds ofS. nemoralisandS. shortiigiven 1/5, 2/5 and 3/5 treatments became dormant. The ecological implication of this study is that seeds of the three species will not germinate on the soil surface after brief rainfall events in summer. The germination response of the narrow endemic is similar to that of its two geographically-widespread congeners.

Morphogenesis of a New Human Herpes-Type Virus Isolate (Sasha Virus)

1973 ◽  
Vol 31 ◽  
pp. 592-593
Author(s):  
R. F. Zeigel ◽  
W. Munyon
Keyword(s):  
Virus Isolate ◽  
Calf Serum ◽  
Uranyl Acetate ◽  
Human Herpes ◽  
Human Embryonic Lung ◽  
Human Herpes Virus ◽  
Intracytoplasmic Inclusions ◽  
Hel Cells ◽  
And Control

In continuing studies on the role of viruses in biochemical transformation, Dr. Munyon has succeeded in isolating a highly infectious human herpes virus. Fluids of buccal pustular lesions from Sasha Munyon (10 mo. old) uiere introduced into monolayer sheets of human embryonic lung (HEL) cell cultures propagated in Eagles’ medium containing 5% calf serum. After 18 hours the cells exhibited a dramatic C.P.E. (intranuclear vacuoles, peripheral patching of chromatin, intracytoplasmic inclusions). Control HEL cells failed to reflect similar changes. Infected and control HEL cells were scraped from plastic flasks at 18 hrs. of incubation and centrifuged at 1200 × g for 15 min. Resultant cell packs uiere fixed in Dalton's chrome osmium, and post-fixed in aqueous uranyl acetate. Figure 1 illustrates typical hexagonal herpes-type nucleocapsids within the intranuclear virogenic regions. The nucleocapsids are approximately 100 nm in diameter. Nuclear membrane “translocation” (budding) uias observed.

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