scholarly journals Models of communication and control for brain networks: distinctions, convergence, and future outlook

2020 ◽  
Vol 4 (4) ◽  
pp. 1122-1159 ◽  
Author(s):  
Pragya Srivastava ◽  
Erfan Nozari ◽  
Jason Z. Kim ◽  
Harang Ju ◽  
Dale Zhou ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
White Matter ◽  
Human Brain ◽  
Computational Models ◽  
Critical Role ◽  
Brain Networks ◽  
Signal Propagation ◽  
Network Control ◽  
And Control ◽  
Future Work

Recent advances in computational models of signal propagation and routing in the human brain have underscored the critical role of white-matter structure. A complementary approach has utilized the framework of network control theory to better understand how white matter constrains the manner in which a region or set of regions can direct or control the activity of other regions. Despite the potential for both of these approaches to enhance our understanding of the role of network structure in brain function, little work has sought to understand the relations between them. Here, we seek to explicitly bridge computational models of communication and principles of network control in a conceptual review of the current literature. By drawing comparisons between communication and control models in terms of the level of abstraction, the dynamical complexity, the dependence on network attributes, and the interplay of multiple spatiotemporal scales, we highlight the convergence of and distinctions between the two frameworks. Based on the understanding of the intertwined nature of communication and control in human brain networks, this work provides an integrative perspective for the field and outlines exciting directions for future work.

Pre-service music teachers' satisfaction: person–environment fit approach

2012 ◽  
Vol 29 (3) ◽  
pp. 371-385 ◽  
Author(s):  
Serkan Perkmen ◽  
Beste Cevik ◽  
Mahir Alkan
Keyword(s):  
Music Education ◽  
Music Teachers ◽  
Music Teacher ◽  
Theoretical Frameworks ◽  
Vocational Satisfaction ◽  
Highly Correlated ◽  
Service Music ◽  
And Control ◽  
Future Work

Guided by three theoretical frameworks in vocational psychology, (i) theory of work adjustment, (ii) two factor theory, and (iii) value discrepancy theory, the purpose of this study was to investigate Turkish pre-service music teachers' values and the role of fit between person and environment in understanding vocational satisfaction. Participants were 85 students enrolled in the department of music education in a Turkish university. The Minnesota Importance Questionnaire (MIQ) was used to examine the participants’ values in six dimensions: achievement, comfort, status, altruism, safety and autonomy. Results revealed that the pre-service teachers value achievement most followed by autonomy, which suggests that they would like to have a sense of accomplishment and control in their future job. The degree to which their values fit their predictions about future work environment was found to be highly correlated with vocational satisfaction. These results provided evidence that the vocational theories used in the current study offers a helpful and different perspective to understand the pre-service teachers' satisfaction with becoming a music teacher in the future. We believe that researchers in the field of music education may use these theories and MIQ to examine the role of values in pre-service and in-service music teachers' job satisfaction.

Critical Role of ABCG2 in ALA-Photodynamic Diagnosis and Therapy of Human Brain Tumor

2015 ◽  
pp. 197-216 ◽  
Author(s):  
Toshihisa Ishikawa ◽  
Yoshinaga Kajimoto ◽  
Yutaka Inoue ◽  
Yoji Ikegami ◽  
Toshihiko Kuroiwa
Keyword(s):  
Brain Tumor ◽  
Human Brain ◽  
Critical Role ◽  
Photodynamic Diagnosis ◽  
Human Brain Tumor ◽  
Diagnosis And Therapy

scholarly journals Watching over or Working with? Understanding Social Work Innovation in Response to Extra-Familial Harm

2020 ◽  
Vol 9 (4) ◽  
pp. 37 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lauren Elizabeth Wroe ◽  
Jenny Lloyd
Keyword(s):  
Social Work ◽  
Case Studies ◽  
Analytical Framework ◽  
Analytic Framework ◽  
England And Wales ◽  
Critical Issues ◽  
And Control ◽  
Future Work ◽  
Public Bodies

This paper critically reflects on the role of surveillance and trusted relationships in social work in England and Wales. It explores the characteristics of relationships of trust and relationships of surveillance and asks how these approaches apply to emerging policy and practices responses to extra-familial forms of harm (EFH). Five bodies of research that explore safeguarding responses across a range of public bodies are drawn on to present an analytical framework that explores elements of safeguarding responses, constituting relationships of trust or relationships of surveillance and control. This analytic framework is applied to two case studies, each of which detail a recent practice innovation in response to EFH studied by the authors, as part of a larger body of work under the Contextual Safeguarding programme. The application of this framework signals a number of critical issues related to the focus/rationale, methods and impact of interventions into EFH that should be considered in future work to address EFH, to ensure young people’s rights to privacy and participation are upheld.

Knowledge Management

2012 ◽  
Vol 3 (3) ◽  
pp. 58-67 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hesham Bin-Abbas ◽  
Saad Haj Bakry
Keyword(s):  
Knowledge Management ◽  
Six Sigma ◽  
Knowledge Society ◽  
Control Process ◽  
Economic Benefits ◽  
Knowledge Based ◽  
Multi Level ◽  
And Control ◽  
Future Work

Building a knowledge-based society is widely recognized as leading to human, social and economic benefits. This paper explores the issue of using knowledge management as an instrument for the development and sustainability of this knowledge society. The paper attempts to achieve its purpose through four main integrated steps: providing a brief review of knowledge management and the knowledge society; viewing knowledge management according to the STOPE “strategy, technology, organization, people and the environment” scope; incorporating knowledge management into the six-sigma DMAIC “define, measure, analyze, improve, and control” process; and deriving observations on the outcome, and producing guidelines for future work. The paper emphasizes the claim that developing and continuously sustaining the knowledge society can be achieved by applying knowledge management through building it into the STOPE scope and the six-sigma process, and by considering the multi-level nature of the society. The paper enjoys a high potential as a guide to knowledge management driven development and sustainability of the knowledge society at all levels. This would be beneficial to all those interested and concerned with supporting the role of knowledge in their own societies.

scholarly journals Acupuncture May Exert Its Therapeutic Effect through MicroRNA-339/Sirt2/NFκB/FOXO1 Axis

2015 ◽  
Vol 2015 ◽  
pp. 1-9 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jia-You Wang ◽  
Hui Li ◽  
Chun-Mei Ma ◽  
Jia-Lu Wang ◽  
Xin-Sheng Lai ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Acupuncture Therapy ◽  
Critical Role ◽  
Luciferase Assay ◽  
Cellular Functions ◽  
Physiological Level ◽  
Forkhead Box ◽  
Bioinformatics Study ◽  
Direct Target ◽  
Future Work

Recently, we have found that a number of microRNAs (miRNAs) and proteins are involved in the response to acupuncture therapy in hypertensive rats. Our bioinformatics study suggests an association between these miRNAs and proteins, which include miR-339 and sirtuin 2 (Sirt2). In this paper, we aimed to investigate whether Sirt2 was a direct target of miR-339 in neurons. In human SH-SY5Y cells, the luciferase assay implied that Sirt2 was likely a target of miRNA-339. Overexpression of miR-339 downregulated Sirt2 expression, while knockdown of miR-339 upregulated Sirt2 expression in human SH-SY5Y cells and rat PC12 cells. In addition, overexpression of miR-399 increased the acetylation of nuclear factor-κB (NF-κB) and forkhead box protein O1 (FOXO1) in SH-SY5Y cells, which are known targets of Sirt2. Our findings demonstrate that miR-339 regulates Sirt2 in human and rat neurons. Since Sirt2 plays a critical role in multiple important cellular functions, our data imply that acupuncture may act through epigenetic changes and subsequent action on their targets, such as miRNA-339/Sirt2/NF-κB/FOXO1 axis. Some physiological level changes of neurons after altering the miR-339 levels are needed to validate the suggested therapeutic role of miR-339/Sirt2/NF-κB/FOXO1 axis in response to acupuncture therapy in the future work.

scholarly journals Digital technology to control COVID-19 in China: issues, challenges and implications for the healthcare system

2021 ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Public Health ◽  
Digital Technology ◽  
Critical Role ◽  
Empowerment Theory ◽  
Governance System ◽  
Governance Model ◽  
The Government ◽  
And Control ◽  
Successful Prevention

In the current era, public health crises are presenting new systematic and cross-border characteristics and uncertainty. Public health crises are challenges for governments and health systems. The development of digital technology has changed the world and connected it as a “village”, and digital technology has played a critical role in providing support during public health crises over the past three decades. From the perspective of empowerment theory, we explore the role of digital technology in responding to the COVID-19 pandemic and digital technology approaches to controlling COVID-19 in China. Accordingly, we identify the challenges of using digital technology to control public health crises, including the imbalance of the rights and responsibilities of governance subjects, the incompatibility of the governance model and digital technology and the inadequate application of digital technology. Considering implications for the successful prevention and control of COVID-19, we suggest that the government should improve the balance of rights and responsibilities for coordinated crisis governance, link digital technology and the governance system and broaden the grassroots governance community.

Role of NMDA, Non-NMDA, and GABA Receptors in Signal Propagation in the Amygdala Formation

2001 ◽  
Vol 86 (3) ◽  
pp. 1422-1429 ◽  
Author(s):  
C. Wang ◽  
W. A. Wilson ◽  
S. D. Moore
Keyword(s):  
Receptor Antagonist ◽  
Glutamate Receptor ◽  
Gaba Receptors ◽  
Critical Role ◽  
Signal Propagation ◽  
Central Nucleus ◽  
Complex Signals ◽  
Basolateral Nucleus ◽  
Nmda Glutamate Receptor

Although the synaptic physiology of the amygdala has been studied with single neuron recordings, the properties of the networks between the various nuclei have resisted characterization because of the limitations of field recording in a neuronally diffuse structure. We addressed this issue in the rat amygdala complex in vitro by using a photodiode array coupled with a voltage-sensitive dye. Low-intensity single pulse stimulation of the lateral amygdala nucleus produced a complex multi-phasic potential. This signal propagated to the basolateral nucleus and the amygdalostriatal transition zone but not to the central nucleus. The local potential, which depended on both synaptic responses and activation of voltage-dependent ion channels, was reduced in amplitude by the non– N-methyl-d-aspartate (non-NMDA) glutamate receptor antagonist 6,7-dinitroquinoxaline (DNQX) and reduced to a lesser extent by the NMDA glutamate receptor antagonistd-2-amino-5-phosphonovaleric acid (d-APV). We next characterized the less complex signals that propagated to more distal regions with or without the addition of the GABA receptor antagonist bicuculline (BIC). BIC alone greatly increased the signal propagation and permitted activation of previously silent areas within the amygdala. DNQX blocked signal propagation to amygdala regions outside of La, even in the presence of BIC, whereas d-APV had minimal effects on these distal signals. These data represent several novel findings: the characterization of the multi-component potential near the site of stimulation, the gating of signal propagation within the amygdala by GABAergic inhibition, the critical role of non-NMDA receptor–mediated depolarization in signal propagation, and the lack of a role for NMDA receptors in maintaining propagation.

Oxidative Stress and the Epigenetics of Cell Senescence: Insights from Progeroid Syndromes

2019 ◽  
Vol 24 (40) ◽  
pp. 4755-4770 ◽  
Author(s):  
Carlos Romá-Mateo ◽  
Marta Seco-Cervera ◽  
José S. Ibáñez-Cabellos ◽  
Giselle Pérez ◽  
Ester Berenguer-Pascual ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Oxidative Stress ◽  
Epigenetic Regulation ◽  
Critical Role ◽  
Cell Senescence ◽  
Related Factors ◽  
Senescent Phenotype ◽  
Progeroid Syndromes ◽  
Novel Therapeutic Strategies ◽  
And Control

Background: Cell senescence constitutes a critical process to respond to a variety of insults and adverse circumstances. Senescence involves the detention of DNA replication and cell proliferation, and hence, genetic programs associated with DNA damage response, chromosome stability, chromatin rearrangement, epigenetic reprogramming, and cell cycle are tightly linked to the senescent phenotype. Although senescence increases with age, the real implication of senescence regulation in the progress of aging in humans is largely discussed. In this context, reactive oxygen species (ROS) accumulation has also been postulated to play a critical role in cell homeostasis, aging processes, and control of proliferation. Methods: The previous years have produced a high increase in data that refine our understanding of the role of ROS, and their relationship with epigenetic events, in determining cellular fate. Results: The accumulating evidence regarding the epigenetic regulation of ROS-mediated processes provides promising tools to deepen in our comprehension of the process of senescence, and to develop novel therapeutic strategies. In this review, we aim to provide an overview of the relationships between oxidative stress and cell senescence. Conclusion: We provide information about the role of epigenetic regulation in senescence and aging, collecting recent data from some examples of progeroid syndromes in which cell senescence, oxidative stress and epigenetic mechanisms are severely impaired. Finally, a collection of data is presented regarding current pharmacological approaches that either target or use oxidative stress-related factors or epigenetic regulators as strategies for disease treatment.

Social Philosophy, Communities, and the Epistemic Shifts

2011 ◽  
pp. 3153-3158
Author(s):  
Angela Lacerda Nobre
Keyword(s):  
20Th Century ◽  
Critical Role ◽  
Social Philosophy ◽  
Management Theory ◽  
Traditional Management ◽  
Control Paradigm ◽  
The Social ◽  
Alternative Approaches ◽  
And Control

It is critical to distinguish between mainstream traditional management theory and the myriad of complementary approaches that have contributed to the development of alternative approaches to organisational and management theory. The dominant stream of management theory is still largely influenced by the command and control paradigm developed over a century ago by early theorists such as Weber, Taylor, and Fayol. Though the control paradigm today is closely connected to a technocratic and functionalistic perspective of management science, there is a growing awareness of the dangers of assuming a reductive and limited view of organisational complexity. In other words, it is important to recognise the role of bureaucratic, functional, and procedural-like aspects of organisational life, though it is critical to complement these perspectives with richer and more human-centred interpretations of organisational reality. This critical role is performed by, among others, communities of practice theory (Lave & Wenger, 1991; Wenger, 1999; Wenger, McDermott & Snyder, 2002; Brown & Duguid, 1991). In order to better understand the developments in terms of management thinking, it is relevant to revise the sequence of the different schools of thought that influenced the social sciences throughout the 20th century.

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