scholarly journals Trichoderma and Nanotechnology in Sustainable Agriculture: A Review

2021 ◽  
Vol 2 ◽  
Author(s):  
Claudia A. Ramírez-Valdespino ◽  
Erasmo Orrantia-Borunda
Keyword(s):  
Heavy Metals ◽  
Plant Growth ◽  
Sustainable Agriculture ◽  
Plant Growth Promotion ◽  
Plant Pathogens ◽  
Growth Promotion ◽  
Antimicrobial Activities ◽  
Plant Yield ◽  
Sustainable Products ◽  
Copper Zinc

Due to their unique properties and functionalities, nanomaterials can be found in different activities as pharmaceutics, cosmetics, medicine, and agriculture, among others. Nowadays, formulations with nano compounds exist to reduce the application of conventional pesticides and fertilizers. Among the most used are nanoparticles (NPs) of copper, zinc, or silver, which are known because of their cytotoxicity, and their accumulation can change the dynamic of microbes present in the soil. In agriculture, Trichoderma is widely utilized as a safe biocontrol strategy and to promote plant yield, making it susceptible to be in contact with nanomaterials that can interfere with its viability as well as its biocontrol and plant growth promotion effects. It is well-known that strains of Trichoderma can tolerate and uptake heavy metals in their bulk form, but it is poorly understood whether the same occurs with nanomaterials. Interestingly, Trichoderma can synthesize NPs that exhibit antimicrobial activities against various organisms of interest, including plant pathogens. In this study, we summarize the main findings regarding Trichoderma and nanotechnology, including its use to synthesize NPs and the consequence that these compounds might have in this fungus and its associations. Moreover, based on these findings we discuss whether it is feasible to develop agrochemicals that combine NPs and Trichoderma strains to generate more sustainable products or not.

scholarly journals Genome Sequencing of Pantoea agglomerans C1 Provides Insights into Molecular and Genetic Mechanisms of Plant Growth-Promotion and Tolerance to Heavy Metals

2020 ◽  
Vol 8 (2) ◽  
pp. 153 ◽  
Author(s):  
Francesca Luziatelli ◽  
Anna Grazia Ficca ◽  
Mariateresa Cardarelli ◽  
Francesca Melini ◽  
Andrea Cavalieri ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Heavy Metals ◽  
Plant Growth ◽  
Plant Growth Promotion ◽  
Plant Pathogens ◽  
Growth Promotion ◽  
Pantoea Agglomerans ◽  
Toxic Heavy Metals ◽  
Circular Chromosome ◽  
Plant Growth Promoting ◽  
Genetic Mechanisms

Distinctive strains of Pantoea are used as soil inoculants for their ability to promote plant growth. Pantoea agglomerans strain C1, previously isolated from the phyllosphere of lettuce, can produce indole-3-acetic acid (IAA), solubilize phosphate, and inhibit plant pathogens, such as Erwinia amylovora. In this paper, the complete genome sequence of strain C1 is reported. In addition, experimental evidence is provided on how the strain tolerates arsenate As (V) up to 100 mM, and on how secreted metabolites like IAA and siderophores act as biostimulants in tomato cuttings. The strain has a circular chromosome and two prophages for a total genome of 4,846,925-bp, with a DNA G+C content of 55.2%. Genes related to plant growth promotion and biocontrol activity, such as those associated with IAA and spermidine synthesis, solubilization of inorganic phosphate, acquisition of ferrous iron, and production of volatile organic compounds, siderophores and GABA, were found in the genome of strain C1. Genome analysis also provided better understanding of the mechanisms underlying strain resistance to multiple toxic heavy metals and transmission of these genes by horizontal gene transfer. Findings suggested that strain C1 exhibits high biotechnological potential as plant growth-promoting bacterium in heavy metal polluted soils.

scholarly journals Profiling of Metabolites of Bacillus spp. and Their Application in Sustainable Plant Growth Promotion and Biocontrol

2021 ◽  
Vol 5 ◽  
Author(s):  
Izzah Shahid ◽  
Jun Han ◽  
Sharoon Hanooq ◽  
Kauser A. Malik ◽  
Christoph H. Borchers ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Plant Growth ◽  
Plant Growth Promotion ◽  
Fungal Pathogens ◽  
Extracellular Enzymes ◽  
Nutrient Management ◽  
Growth Promotion ◽  
Antimicrobial Activities ◽  
Ionization Mass ◽  
Antifungal Metabolites

Bacillus spp. are well-characterized as efficient bioinoculants for sustainable plant growth promotion and biocontrol of phytopathogens. Members of this spp. exhibit the multifaceted beneficial traits that are involved in plant nutrition and antimicrobial activities against phytopathogens. Keeping in view their diverse potential, this study targeted the detailed characterization of three root-colonizing Bacillus strains namely B. amyloliquefaciens, B. subtilis, and B. tequilensis, characterized based on 16S rRNA sequencing homology. The strains exhibited better plant growth promotion and potent broad-spectrum antifungal activities and exerted 43–86% in-vitro inhibition of growth of eight fungal pathogens. All strains produced indole acetic acid (IAA) in the range of 0.067–0.147 μM and were positive for the production of extracellular enzymes such as cellulase, lipase, and protease. Ultra-performance Liquid Chromatography-Electrospray Ionization-Mass Spectrometry (UPLC-ESI-MS/MS) analysis revealed the production of antifungal metabolites (AFMs) such as surfactins, iturins, fengycins, macrolactins, bacillomycin-D, and catechol-based siderophore bacillibactin which were further confirmed by amplifying the genes involved in the biosynthesis of these antimicrobial lipopeptides. When compared for the amounts of different cyclic-peptides produced by three Bacillus strains, B. amyloliquefaciens SB-1 showed the most noticeable amounts of all the antifungal compounds. Plant experiment results revealed that inoculation with phytohormone producing Bacillus spp. strains demonstrated substantial growth improvement of wheat biomass, number of spikes, and dry weight of shoots and roots. Results of this study indicate the biocontrol and biofertilizer potential of Bacillus spp. for sustainable plant nutrient management, growth promotion, and effective biocontrol of crop plants, particularly cultivated in the South Asian region.

scholarly journals The Endophytic Microbiome as a Hotspot of Synergistic Interactions, with Prospects of Plant Growth Promotion

Biology ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (2) ◽  
pp. 101
Author(s):  
Udaya Kumar Vandana ◽  
Jina Rajkumari ◽  
L. Paikhomba Singha ◽  
Lakkakula Satish ◽  
Hemasundar Alavilli ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Plant Growth ◽  
Microbial Communities ◽  
Plant Growth Promotion ◽  
Endophytic Bacteria ◽  
Host Plants ◽  
Plant Pathogens ◽  
Growth Promotion ◽  
Plant Root ◽  
Endophytic Microorganisms ◽  
Microbe Interactions

The plant root is the primary site of interaction between plants and associated microorganisms and constitutes the main components of plant microbiomes that impact crop production. The endophytic bacteria in the root zone have an important role in plant growth promotion. Diverse microbial communities inhabit plant root tissues, and they directly or indirectly promote plant growth by inhibiting the growth of plant pathogens, producing various secondary metabolites. Mechanisms of plant growth promotion and response of root endophytic microorganisms for their survival and colonization in the host plants are the result of complex plant-microbe interactions. Endophytic microorganisms also assist the host to sustain different biotic and abiotic stresses. Better insights are emerging for the endophyte, such as host plant interactions due to advancements in ‘omic’ technologies, which facilitate the exploration of genes that are responsible for plant tissue colonization. Consequently, this is informative to envisage putative functions and metabolic processes crucial for endophytic adaptations. Detection of cell signaling molecules between host plants and identification of compounds synthesized by root endophytes are effective means for their utilization in the agriculture sector as biofertilizers. In addition, it is interesting that the endophytic microorganism colonization impacts the relative abundance of indigenous microbial communities and suppresses the deleterious microorganisms in plant tissues. Natural products released by endophytes act as biocontrol agents and inhibit pathogen growth. The symbiosis of endophytic bacteria and arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (AMF) affects plant symbiotic signaling pathways and root colonization patterns and phytohormone synthesis. In this review, the potential of the root endophytic community, colonization, and role in the improvement of plant growth has been explained in the light of intricate plant-microbe interactions.

scholarly journals Diversity and Functionality of Seed Vectored Bacterial Endophytes in Different Cultivars of Triticum Aestivum L. Across Ecological Boundaries

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jogdande SaiPrasad ◽  
Archna Suman ◽  
B. Ramakrishnan ◽  
K. Aswini
Keyword(s):  
Plant Growth ◽  
Microbial Communities ◽  
Plant Growth Promotion ◽  
Enzyme Production ◽  
Plant Pathogens ◽  
Growth Promotion ◽  
Horizontal Transmission ◽  
Hydrolytic Enzyme ◽  
Priority Effects ◽  
Production Plant

Abstract The endophytic microbial communities of plant seeds are either early or late colonizers, from the vascular system and stigma of mother plants or through contact from the environmental niches. Microbial communities get established in the plant progenies, particularly seeds, by vertical or horizontal transmission. The composition of seed microbiome determines the type of microbial associations, ranging from mutualism to pathogenicity with the emerging plants and also, the environmental conditions have a significant effect on their diversity. Wheat associated microbiota, especially rhizobacteria and endophytes from different plant organs possess competencies for plant growth promotion, and mitigation of abiotic and biotic stress. Improved yield and adaptation, as well as sustained wheat production across different ecologies necessitate the microbiome basis for understanding the genotype-environment (G×E) interactions. Hence,we investigated the diversity and functions of culturable endophytes from different ecological conditions on seed germination and the growth and fitness of plants. The core culturable microbiome members associated with seeds were identified, and evaluated for their potential for application and ensuing colonization in wheat plants.The diversity indices such as Shannon diversity (H), Chao1, Simpson’s reciprocal index and Species evenness (J) were generally highest in the PZ, followed by the NHZ. Likewise,this study showed that the genotypes play a profound role in their diversity, with variations in the hydrolytic enzyme production, plant growth promotion and priority effects on seedling colonization of wheat. The potential for hydrolytic enzyme production also suggest the multifarious mechanisms mediated by these endophytic bacteria for colonization and antagonism against plant pathogens.

scholarly journals Bacillus subtilis EA-CB0575 genome reveals clues for plant growth promotion and potential for sustainable agriculture

2020 ◽  
Vol 20 (4) ◽  
pp. 575-589 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nicolás D. Franco-Sierra ◽  
Luisa F. Posada ◽  
Germán Santa-María ◽  
Magally Romero-Tabarez ◽  
Valeska Villegas-Escobar ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Bacillus Subtilis ◽  
Plant Growth ◽  
Sustainable Agriculture ◽  
Plant Growth Promotion ◽  
Growth Promotion

scholarly journals Importance of N-Acyl-Homoserine Lactone-Based Quorum Sensing and Quorum Quenching in Pathogen Control and Plant Growth Promotion

Pathogens ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (12) ◽  
pp. 1561
Author(s):  
Anton Hartmann ◽  
Sophia Klink ◽  
Michael Rothballer
Keyword(s):  
Biological Control ◽  
Quorum Sensing ◽  
Plant Growth ◽  
Plant Growth Promotion ◽  
Pathogenic Bacteria ◽  
Plant Pathogens ◽  
Growth Promotion ◽  
Quorum Quenching ◽  
Plant Interactions ◽  
Pathogen Control

The biological control of plant pathogens is linked to the composition and activity of the plant microbiome. Plant-associated microbiomes co-evolved with land plants, leading to plant holobionts with plant-beneficial microbes but also with plant pathogens. A diverse range of plant-beneficial microbes assists plants to reach their optimal development and growth under both abiotic and biotic stress conditions. Communication within the plant holobiont plays an important role, and besides plant hormonal interactions, quorum-sensing signalling of plant-associated microbes plays a central role. Quorum-sensing (QS) autoinducers, such as N-acyl-homoserine lactones (AHL) of Gram-negative bacteria, cause a pronounced interkingdom signalling effect on plants, provoking priming processes of pathogen defence and insect pest control. However, plant pathogenic bacteria also use QS signalling to optimise their virulence; these QS activities can be controlled by quorum quenching (QQ) and quorum-sensing inhibition (QSI) approaches by accompanying microbes and also by plants. Plant growth-promoting bacteria (PGPB) have also been shown to demonstrate QQ activity. In addition, some PGPB only harbour genes for AHL receptors, so-called luxR-solo genes, which can contribute to plant growth promotion and biological control. The presence of autoinducer solo receptors may reflect ongoing microevolution processes in microbe–plant interactions. Different aspects of QS systems in bacteria–plant interactions of plant-beneficial and pathogenic bacteria will be discussed, and practical applications of bacteria with AHL-producing or -quenching activity; QS signal molecules stimulating pathogen control and plant growth promotion will also be presented.

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